阅读说明：本技术 一种缓释型掺混肥 (Slow-release type bulk blending fertilizer ) 是由 熊亮 于 2020-07-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种缓释型掺混肥,所述掺混肥由下列重量份的原料组成：磷酸一铵5-25份、硫酸钾7-35份、包膜尿素20-70份、硼砂6-20份、氨基酸螯合锌1-10份、腐殖酸2-19份、防结块剂10-20份、凹凸棒土2-18份、秸秆3-11份、豆粕2-15份、酒糟2-12份、生物菌剂3-17份、植物生长调节剂2-14份。本发明可以有效改善土壤理化性状,调节土壤酸碱度,促进土壤微生物的活动,增加土壤酶的活性,使土壤疏松,有效防止土壤因施入过量无机肥而造成土壤板结、沙化、污染环境,提高作物产量和品质。(The invention relates to a slow-release type bulk blending fertilizer which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-25 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 7-35 parts of potassium sulfate, 20-70 parts of coated urea, 6-20 parts of borax, 1-10 parts of amino acid chelated zinc, 2-19 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of anti-caking agent, 2-18 parts of attapulgite, 3-11 parts of straw, 2-15 parts of bean pulp, 2-12 parts of vinasse, 3-17 parts of biological agent and 2-14 parts of plant growth regulator. The invention can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, adjust the pH value of the soil, promote the activity of soil microorganisms, increase the activity of soil enzymes, loosen the soil, effectively prevent the soil from hardening, desertification and environmental pollution caused by applying excessive inorganic fertilizer into the soil, and improve the yield and quality of crops.)

1. The slow-release type bulk blending fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-25 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 7-35 parts of potassium sulfate, 20-70 parts of coated urea, 6-20 parts of borax, 1-10 parts of amino acid chelated zinc, 1-10 parts of nitrification inhibitor, 10-20 parts of anti-caking agent, 2-18 parts of attapulgite, 3-11 parts of straw, 2-15 parts of soybean meal, 2-12 parts of vinasse, 3-17 parts of biological agent and 2-14 parts of plant growth regulator.

2. The slow-release type bulk blending fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bulk blending fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7-22 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 10-30 parts of potassium sulfate, 22-65 parts of coated urea, 7-18 parts of borax, 2-9 parts of amino acid chelated zinc, 2-9 parts of nitrification inhibitor, 11-19 parts of anti-caking agent, 3-16 parts of attapulgite, 4-10 parts of straw, 3-13 parts of soybean meal, 3-11 parts of vinasse, 4-15 parts of biological agent and 3-12 parts of plant growth regulator.

3. The slow release type bulk fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the nitrification inhibitor is a combination of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, 2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) pyridine and 3, 5-dimethylpyrazole or dicyandiamide.

4. The slow-release bulk blending fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the biological agent is one or more of actinomycetes, azotobacter, silicate bacteria or bacillus subtilis.

5. The slow release type bulk fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the plant growth regulator is one or more of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, forchlorfenuron, kukolin or sodium naphthylacetate.

6. The slow release type bulk fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the anti-caking agent is an inorganic powder or a surfactant; the inorganic powder is one or more than two of kaolin, talcum powder, zeolite powder or bentonite; the surfactant is one or more of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium stearate and calcium stearate.

7. The slow-release blended fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the coated material in the coated urea to the urea is 1:2-5, and the coated material is composed of cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and polyurethane in the mass ratio of (4-7) to (3-5) to (4-6).

8. The method for preparing a slow-release bulk blending fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 7,

(1) weighing monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, borax, amino acid chelated zinc and attapulgite according to a proportion, crushing and sieving for later use;

(2) proportionally placing the biological agent, the straw, the soybean meal and the vinasse into a closed container after stirring, and fermenting for 3-9 days at 40-80 ℃ for later use;

(3) mixing polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane and cellulose, adding the mixture into an organic solvent, continuously stirring to dissolve the mixture, heating the mixture, spraying a dispersion liquid for preparing a coating material on the surface of granular urea, and drying the coating material to prepare coated urea;

(4) mixing the products obtained in the steps, adding the nitrification inhibitor and the plant growth regulator according to the proportion, mixing and stirring, drying, and putting into a granulator for granulation to obtain the fertilizer.

9. The preparation method of the slow-release bulk blending fertilizer as claimed in claim 8, wherein the step (1) is carried out by sieving with a sieve of 80-120 meshes.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop compound fertilizers, and particularly relates to a slow-release type bulk blending fertilizer.

Background

With the continuous development of modern agricultural construction, the demand for high-quality and high-efficiency fertilizers capable of increasing production and income and protecting environment is increasing day by day. However, at present, inorganic fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like are mainly supplied at home, and the inorganic fertilizers are used for a long time to destroy the granular structure of soil, so that soil hardening and soil hardening are easily caused, and the strange image that the more the chemical fertilizer is used, the lower the yield is, the more the fertilizer is used, the lower the yield is. Therefore, the existing blended fertilizer is more and more emphasized, and the fertilizer added with organic matters can improve the soil structure, prevent soil hardening and increase the yield.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a slow-release type blended fertilizer which can effectively prevent soil from hardening, desertification and environmental pollution caused by applying excessive inorganic fertilizer to soil and improve the yield and quality of crops.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the slow-release type bulk blending fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-25 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 7-35 parts of potassium sulfate, 20-70 parts of coated urea, 6-20 parts of borax, 1-10 parts of amino acid chelated zinc, 1-10 parts of nitrification inhibitor, 10-20 parts of anti-caking agent, 2-18 parts of attapulgite, 3-11 parts of straw, 2-15 parts of soybean meal, 2-12 parts of vinasse, 3-17 parts of biological agent and 2-14 parts of plant growth regulator.

Preferably, the bulk blending fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 7-22 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 10-30 parts of potassium sulfate, 22-65 parts of coated urea, 7-18 parts of borax, 2-9 parts of amino acid chelated zinc, 2-9 parts of nitrification inhibitor, 11-19 parts of anti-caking agent, 3-16 parts of attapulgite, 4-10 parts of straw, 3-13 parts of soybean meal, 3-11 parts of vinasse, 4-15 parts of biological agent and 3-12 parts of plant growth regulator.

The nitrification inhibitor is a composition of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, 2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) pyridine and 3, 5-dimethylpyrazole or dicyandiamide.

The biological agent is one or more of actinomycetes, azotobacter, silicate bacteria or bacillus subtilis.

The plant growth regulator is one or more of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, forchlorfenuron, cynarin or sodium naphthylacetate.

The anti-caking agent is inorganic powder or a surfactant; the inorganic powder is one or more than two of kaolin, talcum powder, zeolite powder or bentonite; the surfactant is one or more of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium stearate and calcium stearate.

The mass ratio of the coated material to the urea in the coated urea is 1:2-5, and the coated material is composed of cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and polyurethane in the mass ratio of (4-7) to (3-5) to (4-6).

The preparation method of the slow-release type bulk blending fertilizer is characterized in that,

(1) weighing monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, borax, amino acid chelated zinc and attapulgite according to a proportion, crushing and sieving for later use;

(2) proportionally placing the biological agent, the straw, the soybean meal and the vinasse into a closed container after stirring, and fermenting for 3-9 days at 40-80 ℃ for later use;

(3) mixing polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane and cellulose, adding the mixture into an organic solvent, continuously stirring to dissolve the mixture, heating the mixture to prepare dispersion liquid of a coating material, spraying the dispersion liquid on the surface of granular urea, and drying the coating material to prepare coated urea;

(4) mixing the products obtained in the steps, adding the nitrification inhibitor and the plant growth regulator according to the proportion, mixing and stirring, drying, and putting into a granulator for granulation to obtain the fertilizer.

And (2) sieving with a sieve of 80-120 meshes in the step (1).

Urea: is the nitrogen fertilizer with the highest nitrogen content at present. Urea is a high-concentration nitrogen fertilizer, belongs to a neutral quick-acting fertilizer, and can also be used for producing various compound fertilizers. No harmful substance is left in the soil, and no adverse effect is caused after long-term application. Urea is suitable for use as a base fertilizer and a top dressing, and is sometimes used as a seed fertilizer. The urea is suitable for all crops and all soils, can be used as a base fertilizer and a top dressing, and can be applied to both dry and paddy fields. Urea can promote cell division and growth, and make branches and leaves grow luxuriantly.

Monoammonium phosphate: good chemical stability and good compatibility with ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the like. Is one of the main varieties of high-concentration phosphorus compound fertilizers. The product is generally used as a top dressing, and is also the most main basic raw material for producing ternary blended fertilizer and BB fertilizer; the product is widely applicable to various grain crops and economic crops. Application as a fertilizer during crop growth is most suitable, being acidic in the soil, and also being superior to other fertilizers in alkaline soil.

Ammonium sulfate: it is mainly used as fertilizer and is suitable for various soils and crops. A high-quality nitrogen fertilizer (commonly called "fertilizer field powder") is suitable for general soil and crops, and can make branches and leaves grow vigorously, raise fruit quality and yield, and raise the resistance of crops to disasters, so that it can be used as base fertilizer, additional fertilizer and seed fertilizer.

Amino acid chelated zinc: the amino acid chelated zinc is a zinc structural form in which zinc ions are embedded between two amino acid molecules. Two amino acid molecules clamp a zinc ion like crab pincers to form an ultra-stable chelating structure. The amino acid can be directly absorbed by the plants to stimulate the growth of the plants, and the amino acid can be directly utilized by the plants under the condition of no photosynthesis; when the amino acid medium trace element chelate is used as a chelate, metal ions can be protected from generating side reactions with other substances, and the chelate can be absorbed and utilized by crops after the metal ions reach the required parts of the plants, so that the amino acid medium trace element chelate is an organic medium trace element fertilizer with excellent performance, low price and moderate chelating constant, and can effectively solve the contradiction between balanced fertilizer preparation and balanced absorption of the crops.

Potassium sulfate: the potassium sulfate is colorless crystals, has small hygroscopicity, is not easy to agglomerate, has good physical properties, is convenient to apply and is a good water-soluble potassium fertilizer.

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: the fertilizer is used as a high-efficiency phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in agriculture; the potassium dihydrogen phosphate product is widely suitable for various types of cash crops, grains, melons, fruits, vegetables and almost all types of crops. The actual application effect of various crops in various regions proves that the monopotassium phosphate has a plurality of excellent effects of remarkably increasing both production and income, improving quantity and optimizing quality, resisting lodging, resisting diseases and insect pests, preventing and treating premature senility and the like, and has the effect of overcoming the insufficient nutrition caused by the reduction of the aging and absorption capacity of the root system in the later growth period of the crops.

Compound sodium nitrophenolate: has the functions of promoting cell protoplasm flow, improving cell activity, accelerating plant growth and development, promoting root growth and seedling strengthening, protecting flower and fruit, bearing fruit and expanding, improving yield, enhancing stress resistance and the like.

Straw: the straw is a general term of stem leaf (ear) part of mature crops. Typically refers to the remainder of the wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, oil, cotton, sugar cane and other crops (typically roughages) after harvesting the seed. The straw is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, organic matters and the like, is a multipurpose renewable biological resource, and is a coarse feed. It features high coarse fibre content (30-40%), and lignin content. The straw bio-fertilizer produced by the straw has higher fertilizer efficiency. The straw is used as a fertilizer to be applied to farmlands through comprehensive utilization, and the method is an effective method for supplementing and balancing soil nutrients and improving soil.

Bean pulp: is a byproduct obtained after soybean oil is extracted from soybeans. The bean pulp is a good organic fertilizer raw material.

Vinasse: the vinasse is a good organic fertilizer, and can effectively improve weak acid state of soil by mixing the vinasse into the soil, so that small particles of the soil are condensed to improve the granular structure of the soil, and the permeability of fertilizer, water and air of plant roots and the extension of the roots are facilitated.

Biological agent: the function is as follows: the soil fertility is improved, organic and inorganic nutrients in soil are activated, the fertilizer efficiency is improved, the crop circulation is promoted, the long-acting absorption and utilization are realized, and the roots are increased, the seedlings are strengthened and the fruits are full; improving soil, improving soil aggregate structure, eliminating hardening, improving water and fertilizer retention capacity, and resisting drought, stress, cold and lodging; the soil conditioner can be used continuously, and can improve the micro-ecological environment of soil. Eliminate soil hardening, neutralize pH value and reduce heavy metal and salt and alkali toxicity in soil.

Plant growth regulator: a plant growth regulator is a kind of agricultural chemicals for regulating plant growth and development, including artificially synthesized compound and natural plant hormone extracted from organism. Its existence can influence and effectively regulate and control the growth and development of plants, including a series of plant life processes from cell growth, division, rooting, germination, flowering, fructification, maturation and abscission.

1. Selecting the dosage of the plant growth regulator: the results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

As is clear from Table 1, no plant growth regulator was used, and a disease and insect pest phenomenon occurred. When the using amount is too large, the growth condition of crops is not obviously improved, so that 10-15 parts of the plant growth regulator is preferably selected in a comprehensive consideration.

The blended fertilizer and the commercial blended fertilizer are applied to a test field with the same soil by using the commercial blended fertilizer as a control group, and the application amount is the same. The growth of the plants was observed. The results are shown in Table 2.

As can be seen from table 2, the application of the blended fertilizer of the present invention can effectively increase the yield of plants, reduce the amount of fertilizer used, increase the utilization rate of fertilizer, prolong the fertilizer efficiency, effectively improve the soil characteristics, and prevent plant diseases and insect pests.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, adjust the pH value of the soil, promote the activity of soil microorganisms, increase the activity of soil enzymes, loosen the soil, effectively prevent the soil from hardening and polluting the environment due to the application of excessive inorganic fertilizer, and improve the yield and the quality of crops.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.