Controlled release fertilizer for wheat-covered peanuts and preparation method thereof

文档序号:1151903 发布日期:2020-09-15 浏览:6次 中文

阅读说明:本技术 一种麦套花生用控释肥及其制备方法 (Controlled release fertilizer for wheat-covered peanuts and preparation method thereof ) 是由 吴正锋 沈浦 孙学武 郑亚萍 郑永美 于天一 王才斌 于 2020-07-24 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明属于肥料制备技术领域,公开了一种麦套花生用控释肥及其制备方法,麦套花生用控释肥由核芯肥料和核芯肥料的包膜层组成;核芯肥料按质量分数计由尿素、磷酸一铵、钙镁磷肥、硫酸钾、硼砂、氨基酸螯合微量元素、脲酶抑制剂和硝化抑制剂、珍珠岩组成;核芯肥料的包膜层按质量分数计由凹凸棒粉包裹层材料以及保水型包膜材料聚乙烯醇组成。氮、磷、钾三大元素的含量为35.6%N-P<Sub>2</Sub>O<Sub>5</Sub>-K<Sub>2</Sub>O的配比为10:11.6:14。本发明控释肥能减缓或控制养分的释放,肥效释放较好的满足麦套花生在整个生育期对养分的需求;可减少化肥用量,提高肥料的利用效率,提高产量和品质,节约农业生产成本。(The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and discloses a controlled release fertilizer for wheat-coated peanuts and a preparation method thereof, wherein the controlled release fertilizer for the wheat-coated peanuts comprises a core fertilizer and a coating layer of the core fertilizer; the core fertilizer consists of urea, monoammonium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, borax, amino acid chelated trace elements, urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor and perlite in percentage by mass; the coating layer of the core fertilizer comprises an attapulgite powder coating layer material and a water-retaining coating according to mass fractionThe material is polyvinyl alcohol. The content of the three major elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 35.6 percent of N-P 2 O 5 ‑K 2 The ratio of O is 10:11.6: 14. The controlled release fertilizer can slow or control the release of nutrients, and the fertilizer efficiency release can better meet the requirement of the wheat-covered peanuts on the nutrients in the whole growth period; the fertilizer using amount can be reduced, the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is improved, the yield and the quality are improved, and the agricultural production cost is saved.)

1. The controlled release fertilizer for wheat-covered peanuts is characterized by consisting of a core fertilizer and a coating layer of the core fertilizer;

the core fertilizer consists of 16-20% of urea, 19-22% of monoammonium phosphate, 5-7% of calcium magnesium phosphate, 26-30% of potassium sulfate, 0.2-0.5% of borax, 0.2-0.5% of amino acid chelated trace elements, 0.8-1.3% of urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor and 4-6% of perlite by mass fraction;

the coating layer of the core fertilizer consists of 15-17% of attapulgite powder coating material and 5-7% of water-retaining coating material polyvinyl alcohol in percentage by mass.

2. The controlled-release fertilizer for the wheat-covered peanuts as claimed in claim 1, which consists of 16.9% of urea, 20.5% of monoammonium phosphate, 6% of calcium magnesium phosphate, 28% of potassium sulfate, 0.3% of borax, 0.3% of amino acid chelated trace elements, 0.28% of urease inhibitor, 0.61% of nitrification inhibitor DCD, 0.11% of nitrification inhibitor DMPP, 5% of perlite, 16% of attapulgite powder and 6% of polyvinyl alcohol by mass ratio.

3. The controlled-release fertilizer for peanuts covered with wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 35.6% N-P2O5-K2The proportion of O is 10:11.6:14, N-P2O5-K2The ratio of O is 1:1.16:1.4, and the content of calcium is 2.7%.

4. The controlled-release fertilizer for peanuts covered with wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the peanut growth trace elements are boron, zinc and molybdenum; the dosage of borax is 3kg, the effective boron content is 0.33kg, and the dosage of amino acid chelated zinc, iron, molybdenum and manganese is 3 kg.

5. The preparation method of the controlled release fertilizer for the peanuts covered with wheat as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 comprises the following steps:

adding HQ and a binder into nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and medium and trace element raw materials to realize compounding, and adding a DCD and DMPP nitrification inhibitor and then granulating by a granulator under the action of the binder and steam;

step two, drying, then screening, directly returning small particles to a granulator, and conveying large particles to a previous granulation procedure after the large particles need to be crushed to participate in secondary granulation together with the raw materials;

thirdly, adding an anti-caking agent, a synergist, a conditioner and the like into the preliminarily dried fertilizer particles for conditioning, and then subpackaging;

step four, taking the produced core fertilizer as a raw material, coating the core fertilizer for multiple times by using a coating agent through a disc coating machine, and uniformly coating the mineral powder on the surface layer of fertilizer particles under the action of a polyvinyl alcohol adhesive;

and step five, taking the initially wrapped fertilizer as a core, and performing coating of the outer water-retaining agent in a boiling fluidized bed to finish the whole coating process.

6. The preparation method of the controlled release fertilizer for wheat-covered peanuts as claimed in claim 5, wherein the coating agent is attapulgite powder, the coating amount is 16%, and the coating is completed by coating for 4 times continuously.

7. The method for preparing the controlled release fertilizer for peanuts covered with wheat as claimed in claim 5, wherein the outer water retention agent is an environment-friendly polymer water retention material based on polyvinyl alcohol, and the thickness of the coating is 60 g.m-2

8. A method for applying the controlled-release fertilizer for peanuts covered with wheat, which comprises applying the controlled-release fertilizer for peanuts covered with wheat according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method for applying the controlled-release fertilizer for peanuts covered with wheat comprises:

according to the land fertility level and the yield requirement, 50-70 kg of special fertilizer for wheat-covered peanuts is applied to each mu, 20kg of special fertilizer for wheat-covered peanuts in March is applied together in spring top dressing, no fertilizer is applied in later period of peanut interplanting, and the rest 30-50 kg of special fertilizer for wheat-covered peanuts is applied in stubble cleaning after wheat harvesting.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and particularly relates to a controlled release fertilizer for wheat-covered peanuts and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The wheat-covered peanuts are planted among wheat rows 15-20 days before wheat is harvested, and the planting mode is mainly applied to Huanghuai peanut producing areas. The fertilizer is difficult to be applied before and after seeding, and the shading is easy to grow excessively in the seedling stage. At present, the prior stubble fertilizer and the later stage topdressing are generally applied again in production, urea and common compound fertilizer are used, a special controlled release fertilizer product is not available, the fertilizer consumption is large, the fertilizer efficiency utilization rate is low, and the effect is poor.

Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: (1) in the prior art, the fertilizer for wheat-covered peanuts is large in dosage and poor in effect, the demand supply of crop nutrition in each growth period of the wheat-covered peanuts cannot be met, and the fertilizer input is difficult to reduce.

(2) The calcium fertilizer which is greatly needed by the peanuts and the trace elements which are vital to the growth of the peanuts are not supplemented.

The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: aiming at the characteristics of growth and fertilizer requirement of wheat-covered peanuts, the special controlled-release fertilizer special for wheat-covered peanuts and a matched fertilizing technology are developed, so that the effect of accurate controlled release of the controlled-release fertilizer can be better exerted, the efficient absorption and utilization of the fertilizer by the wheat-covered peanuts are realized, and the aims of reducing the excessive input of the fertilizer and ensuring the yield of the peanuts are finally fulfilled. Meanwhile, the formula contains calcium which is needed by peanuts more and key trace elements which are needed by the peanuts.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a controlled release fertilizer for wheat-covered peanuts and a preparation method thereof.

The controlled release fertilizer for wheat-coated peanuts is composed of a core fertilizer and a coating layer of the core fertilizer;

the core fertilizer consists of 16-20% of urea, 19-22% of monoammonium phosphate, 5-7% of calcium magnesium phosphate, 26-30% of potassium sulfate, 0.2-0.5% of borax, 0.2-0.5% of amino acid chelated trace elements, 0.8-1.3% of urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor and 4-6% of perlite by mass fraction;

the coating layer of the core fertilizer consists of 15-17% of attapulgite powder coating material and 5-7% of water-retaining coating material polyvinyl alcohol in percentage by mass.

Further, the controlled release fertilizer for the wheat-covered peanuts comprises, by mass, 16.9% of urea, 20.5% of monoammonium phosphate, 6% of calcium magnesium phosphate, 28% of potassium sulfate, 0.3% of borax, 0.3% of amino acid chelated trace elements, 0.28% of urease inhibitor, 0.61% of nitrification inhibitor DCD, 0.11% of nitrification inhibitor DMPP, 5% of perlite, 16% of attapulgite powder and 6% of polyvinyl alcohol.

Further, the formula with the content of the three major elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 35.6 percent is N-P2O5-K2O,N-P2O5-K2The O ratio was 1:1.16: 1.4. Meanwhile, the formula contains key element calcium for peanut pod development.

Furthermore, the peanut growth trace elements are boron, zinc and molybdenum; the dosage of borax is 3kg, the effective boron content is 0.33kg, and the dosage of amino acid chelated zinc, iron, molybdenum and manganese is 3 kg.

The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the controlled release fertilizer for wheat-covered peanuts, which comprises the following steps:

adding HQ (hydroquinone) and a binder into nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and medium-trace element raw materials to realize compounding, simultaneously adding dicyandiamide (DCD) and DMPP (3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) nitrification inhibitor, and then granulating by using a granulator under the action of the binder and steam;

step two, drying, then screening, directly returning small particles to a granulator, and conveying large particles to a previous granulation procedure after the large particles need to be crushed to participate in secondary granulation together with the raw materials;

step three, adding an anti-caking agent, a synergist (perlite), a conditioner (such as talcum powder) and the like into the preliminarily dried fertilizer particles for conditioning, and then subpackaging;

step four, coating the core fertilizer as a raw material and attapulgite powder as an initial coating material for multiple times (4 times) by using a disc coating machine, and uniformly coating the mineral powder on the surface layer of fertilizer particles under the action of a polyvinyl alcohol adhesive;

and step five, coating the outer water-retaining agent in a boiling fluidized bed by taking the initially wrapped fertilizer as a core and polyvinyl alcohol as a membrane material to finish the whole coating process.

Further, the coating agent is attapulgite powder, the coating amount is 16%, and the coating is finished by continuously coating for 4 times.

Further, the outer-layer water-retaining agent is an environment-friendly polymer water-retaining material based on polyvinyl alcohol, and the thickness of a coating film is 100 g.m-2

The invention also aims to provide a fertilizing method of the controlled release fertilizer for wheat-covered peanuts, which specifically comprises the following steps:

according to the land fertility level and the yield requirement, 50-70 kg of special fertilizer for wheat-covered peanuts is applied to each mu, 20kg of special fertilizer for wheat-covered peanuts in March is applied together in spring top dressing, no fertilizer is applied in later period of peanut interplanting, and the rest 30-50 kg of special fertilizer for wheat-covered peanuts is applied in stubble cleaning after wheat harvesting.

By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:

aiming at the characteristics of growth and fertilizer requirement of the wheat-covered peanuts, the special controlled-release fertilizer special for the wheat-covered peanuts and a matched fertilizing technology are developed, so that the requirements of the wheat-covered peanuts on nutrients in each period are better met; the fertilizer can better play the role of accurately controlling the controlled release fertilizer, realize the efficient absorption and utilization of the fertilizer by the wheat-covered peanuts, and finally achieve the purposes of reducing the excessive input of the fertilizer and ensuring the yield of the peanuts.

Technical effect or experimental effect of comparison. Compared with the ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) with the same dosage, the product of the invention reduces the input amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by 33.3%, 22.7% and 6.7% respectively, improves the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers by 22.6% -31.8%, 10.5% -12.2% and 6.2% -8.1% respectively, increases the pod yield of peanuts by 8.1% -9.2% and improves the fruit plumpness by 31.8% -35.9%.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of a controlled release fertilizer for wheat-covered peanuts provided by an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a production process of a core fertilizer provided by an embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a controlled release fertilizer for wheat-covered peanuts and a preparation method thereof, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The controlled release fertilizer for wheat-coated peanuts provided by the invention consists of a core fertilizer and a coating layer of the core fertilizer;

the core fertilizer consists of 16-20% of urea, 19-22% of monoammonium phosphate, 5-7% of calcium magnesium phosphate, 26-30% of potassium sulfate, 0.2-0.5% of borax, 0.2-0.5% of amino acid chelated trace elements, 0.8-1.3% of urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor and 4-6% of perlite by mass fraction;

the coating layer of the core fertilizer consists of 15-17% of attapulgite powder coating material and 5-7% of water-retaining coating material polyvinyl alcohol in percentage by mass.

As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the controlled release fertilizer for peanuts covered with wheat provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

s101, adding HQ and a binder into nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and medium and trace element raw materials to realize compounding, and adding a DCD and DMPP nitrification inhibitor and then granulating by a granulator under the action of the binder and steam.

S102, drying, screening, directly returning small particles to a granulator, and conveying large particles to a previous granulation procedure after crushing to participate in secondary granulation together with raw materials.

S103, adding an anti-caking agent, a synergist, a conditioner and the like into the preliminarily dried fertilizer particles for conditioning, and then subpackaging.

And S104, taking the produced core fertilizer as a raw material, coating the core fertilizer for multiple times by using a coating agent through a disc coating machine, and uniformly coating the mineral powder on the surface layer of fertilizer particles under the action of a polyvinyl alcohol adhesive.

And S105, coating the outer water-retaining agent in a boiling fluidized bed by taking the initially wrapped fertilizer as a core to finish the whole coating process.

The scheme of the invention is further described by combining the specific embodiment.

According to the quantity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by every 100kg of produced pods, the comprehensive factors such as nitrogen fixation and supply of nitrogen and fertilizer supply of soil nodules are combined. Provides a proper nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium three-element proportioning formula.

The formula is as follows: the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 35.6 percent, the element proportion is 1:1.16:1.4, the calcium content is 2.7 percent, and meanwhile, the nutrient solution contains trace elements which are necessary for the growth of peanuts, such as boron, zinc, molybdenum and the like. The ingredients are as follows:

0.28 percent of urease inhibitor, 0.61 percent of nitrification inhibitor DCD and 0.11 percent of DMPP are required to be added into the special controlled release fertilizer for the wheat-covered peanuts; 5% of ammonia stabilizer modified perlite porous material, 16% of attapulgite powder coating material and 6% of water-retaining coating material polyvinyl alcohol. The formula with the content of the three major elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 35.6 percent is N-P2O5-K2O of 10-11.6-14, and the nutrient ratio is 1:1.16: 1.4.

The raw material dosage and nutrient content (kg/t) are as follows:

the amount of urea was 169kg, which contained 77.7kg of N.

The amount of monoammonium phosphate is 205kg, wherein the monoammonium phosphate contains P2O5104.8kg, and 22.5kg of N.

The dosage of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 60kg, wherein the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer contains P2O510.8kg, CaO 27kg, MgO 7.2kg, SiO2It was 12 kg.

The potassium sulfate dosage is 280kg, wherein the potassium sulfate contains K2O 140kg。

The dosage of borax is 3kg, wherein the effective boron content is 0.33 kg.

The dosage of the amino acid chelated zinc, iron, molybdenum and manganese is 3 kg.

The dosage of urease and nitrification inhibitor is 10 kg.

The dosage of perlite is 50 kg.

The dosage of the attapulgite powder is 160 kg.

The amount of polyvinyl alcohol used was 60 kg.

The process comprises the following steps: the attapulgite powder is used as a coating agent, the coating amount is 16 percent, and the coating is finished by continuous coating for 4 times.

The environment-friendly polymer water-retaining material based on polyvinyl alcohol is used as coating outer layer coating agent, 60 g.m-2The thickness of the envelope. The initial dissolution rate is 8.69 percent respectively, the controlled release time is 69 days according to the calculation that 85 percent of nutrients in the fertilizer are completely released.

The process flow is divided into two steps, namely, the production of the core fertilizer; and the second is the coating of the core fertilizer.

The production process of the core fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding HQ and a binder into nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and medium trace element raw materials to realize compounding, adding a DCD and DMPP nitrification inhibitor, then granulating by a granulator under the action of the binder and steam, drying, screening, directly returning small particles to the granulator, crushing large particles, and conveying the crushed large particles to a former granulation process to participate in secondary granulation together with the raw materials. The fertilizer particles after primary drying need to be conditioned by adding an anti-caking agent, a synergist (perlite), a conditioner (such as talcum powder) and the like, and then are subpackaged. As shown in fig. 2.

The coating process comprises the following steps: the core fertilizer is produced as a raw material, attapulgite powder is used as an initial coating material, multiple coating (4 times) is carried out by a disc coating machine, mineral powder is uniformly coated on the surface layer of fertilizer particles under the action of a polyvinyl alcohol adhesive, then the initially coated fertilizer is used as a core, the polyvinyl alcohol is used as a membrane material, and the coating of an outer-layer water-retaining agent is carried out in a boiling fluidized bed, so that the whole coating process is completed.

The fertilizing method comprises the following steps:

according to the land fertility level and the yield requirement, 50-70 kg of special fertilizer for wheat-covered peanuts is applied to each mu, wherein 20kg of special fertilizer for wheat-covered peanuts in the march is applied together during spring top dressing, no fertilizer is applied during interplanting of peanuts, and the rest 30-50 kg of special fertilizer for wheat-covered peanuts is applied during stubble cleaning after wheat harvesting.

The invention is further described below with reference to specific experimental data.

Application effect of special fertilizer for wheat-covered peanuts

Breeding peanut 9812; 20kg of fertilizer is applied when the topdressing is carried out on March wheat, and the fertilizer is applied when stubble cleaning is carried out after the rest part of wheat is harvested; pod and yield data were measured at harvest; soil data are soil sampling and measuring in the pod bearing period.

The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.

8页详细技术资料下载
上一篇:一种医用注射器针头装配设备
下一篇:还田助腐生物有机肥及其加工方法

网友询问留言

已有0条留言

还没有人留言评论。精彩留言会获得点赞!

精彩留言,会给你点赞!