Production method of vinasse biochar-based fertilizer
阅读说明：本技术 酒糟生物炭基肥的生产方法 (Production method of vinasse biochar-based fertilizer ) 是由 许华杰 王兵 王先桂 郭继元 潘昌滨 喻仕瑞 于 2020-05-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种酒糟生物炭基肥的生产方法。本发明工艺简单,能耗低,三废排放少,所生产的炭基肥在改良土壤和促进作物生长方面有积极作用。本发明将生物炭和基础肥集中生产,与传统方法相比,无须在市面上购买基础肥,避免受基础肥市场的波动影响,且节省基础肥运输成本。炭化炉的高温油气通过余热回收、水洗、油水分离后得到可燃气和焦油,副产的可燃气和焦油均返回炭化炉作为补充燃料,节省能耗,降低了生产成本。油水分离器分离的废水全部循环用于水洗塔进行喷淋,生产废水排放较少；生产车间的臭气和粉尘集中收集通过除尘脱臭装置进行处理达标排放；本发明生产的酒糟生物炭基肥可吸附和负载肥料养分,延缓肥料在土壤中的释放与淋失,促进作物生长有积极作用。(The invention discloses a production method of a vinasse biochar base fertilizer. The invention has simple process, low energy consumption and less three-waste discharge, and the produced carbon-based fertilizer has positive effects on improving soil and promoting crop growth. Compared with the traditional method, the method has the advantages that the biochar and the base fertilizer are produced in a centralized manner, the base fertilizer does not need to be purchased on the market, the influence of the fluctuation of the base fertilizer market is avoided, and the transportation cost of the base fertilizer is saved. High-temperature oil gas of the carbonization furnace is subjected to waste heat recovery, water washing and oil-water separation to obtain combustible gas and tar, and the combustible gas and the tar as byproducts are returned to the carbonization furnace to serve as supplementary fuel, so that the energy consumption is reduced, and the production cost is reduced. The wastewater separated by the oil-water separator is completely recycled for the water washing tower to spray, so that the production wastewater is discharged less; the odor and dust in the production workshop are collected in a centralized way and are treated by a dust removal and deodorization device to reach the standard and then are discharged; the vinasse biochar base fertilizer produced by the invention can adsorb and load fertilizer nutrients, delay the release and leaching loss of the fertilizer in soil and promote the growth of crops.)
1. A production method of a vinasse biochar-based fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing vinasse biochar by carbonizing vinasse serving as a raw material through a carbonization furnace;
2) the method comprises the steps of taking vinasse as a raw material, carrying out aerobic fermentation, aging, crushing, magnetic separation and screening on the vinasse to obtain a vinasse basic fertilizer, adding the vinasse biochar prepared in the step 1) into the vinasse basic fertilizer, mixing, and carrying out granulation and screening to obtain the vinasse biochar based fertilizer.
2. The method for producing the vinasse biochar-based fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 1), the oil gas by-produced by the carbonization furnace is subjected to water washing by a water washing tower and then is separated by an oil-water separator, and the obtained combustible gas and tar are returned to the carbonization furnace to be used as supplementary fuel.
3. The method for producing the vinasse biochar-based fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the carbonization temperature of the carbonization furnace in the step 1) is 400-600 ℃.
4. The method for producing the vinasse biochar-based fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the carbonization furnace is provided with two burners of fuel gas and fuel oil.
5. The method for producing the vinasse biochar-based fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before the oil gas enters the water washing tower, heat recovery is carried out through a heat exchanger to obtain by-product hot water.
6. The method for producing the vinasse biochar-based fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the waste water separated by the oil-water separator is completely recycled for spraying in the water washing tower, and fresh water is periodically added to maintain the water quantity.
7. The method for producing the vinasse biochar-based fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: inoculating bacteria are not added in the vinasse aerobic fermentation process in the step 2), the fermentation time is 18-22 days, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 60-70 ℃, and the fermentation is carried out for 1 time every day by adopting a milling disc type turner; decomposing fermented distiller's grains in an aging workshop for 30-50 days while maintaining natural ventilation condition without turning.
8. The method for producing the vinasse biochar-based fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 2), the mixing proportion of the vinasse base fertilizer and the vinasse biochar is as follows: 8.5:1.5-6.5:3.5.
9. The method for producing the vinasse biochar-based fertilizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 2), odor and dust generated in the fermentation, aging and packaging processes are led out through an air outlet at the top and are intensively sent into a dust removal and deodorization device for processing and discharging up to the standard.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resources and environment, in particular to a production method of a vinasse biochar base fertilizer.
Background
At present, there are various approaches for comprehensive utilization of vinasse wastes, including vinasse energy regeneration, vinasse fertilizer formation, vinasse feed formation, vinasse material formation, and the like. In the aspect of grain stillage composting, the traditional mode is to produce organic fertilizer after the grain stillage is stacked and fermented and is supplemented with N, P, K in a certain proportion, or produce special fertilizer after specific components are supplemented according to the requirement of certain crops.
The charcoal has extremely high carbon content, and can increase the organic matter content in soil after being applied to the soil; on the other hand, the fertilizer has a developed pore structure and a high cation exchange capacity, so that fertilizer nutrients can be adsorbed and loaded, and the release and leaching loss of the fertilizer in soil are delayed. Therefore, the application of the biochar mixed with the fertilizer to prepare the biochar-based fertilizer as a soil conditioner is attracting attention.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing materials, the invention provides a production method of a vinasse biochar-based fertilizer, which has the advantages of simple process, low energy consumption and less discharge of three wastes, and the produced biochar-based fertilizer has positive effects on improving soil and promoting crop growth.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the production method of the vinasse biochar-based fertilizer comprises the following steps:
the production method of the vinasse biochar-based fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) preparing vinasse biochar by carbonizing vinasse serving as a raw material through a carbonization furnace;
2) the method comprises the steps of taking vinasse as a raw material, carrying out aerobic fermentation, aging, crushing, magnetic separation and screening on the vinasse to obtain a vinasse basic fertilizer, adding the vinasse biochar prepared in the step 1) into the vinasse basic fertilizer, mixing, and carrying out granulation and screening to obtain the vinasse biochar based fertilizer.
In the step 1), the oil gas by-produced by the carbonization furnace is subjected to water washing by a water washing tower and then is separated by an oil-water separator, and the obtained combustible gas and tar are returned to the carbonization furnace to be used as supplementary fuel.
The carbonization temperature of the carbonization furnace in the step 1) is 400-600 ℃.
The carbonization furnace is provided with two burners of fuel gas and fuel oil.
Before the oil gas enters the water washing tower, heat recovery is carried out through a heat exchanger to obtain by-product hot water.
The waste water separated by the oil-water separator is completely recycled for spraying in the water washing tower, and fresh water is periodically added to maintain the water quantity.
In the step 2), no inoculating bacteria is added in the vinasse aerobic fermentation process, the fermentation time is 18-22 days, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 60-70 ℃, and the fermentation is carried out for 1 time each day by adopting a milling disc type turner; decomposing fermented distiller's grains in an aging workshop for 30-50 days while maintaining natural ventilation condition without turning.
In the step 2), the mixing ratio of the vinasse basic fertilizer and the vinasse biochar in the step 1) is as follows: 8.5:1.5-6.5:3.5.
In the step 2), odor and dust generated in the fermentation, aging and packaging processes are led out through an air outlet at the top and are intensively sent into a dust removal and deodorization device for processing and discharging up to the standard.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of simple process, low energy consumption and less discharge of three wastes, and the produced carbon-based fertilizer has positive effects on improving soil and promoting crop growth. Compared with the traditional method, the method has the advantages that the biochar and the base fertilizer are produced in a centralized manner, the base fertilizer does not need to be purchased on the market, the influence of the fluctuation of the base fertilizer market is avoided, and the transportation cost of the base fertilizer is saved. High-temperature oil gas of the carbonization furnace is subjected to waste heat recovery, water washing and oil-water separation to obtain combustible gas and tar, and the combustible gas and the tar as byproducts are returned to the carbonization furnace to serve as supplementary fuel, so that the energy consumption is reduced, and the production cost is reduced. The wastewater separated by the oil-water separator is completely recycled for the water washing tower to spray, so that the production wastewater is discharged less; the odor and dust in the production workshop are collected in a centralized way and are treated by a dust removal and deodorization device to reach the standard and then are discharged; the vinasse biochar base fertilizer produced by the invention can adsorb and load fertilizer nutrients, delay the release and leaching loss of the fertilizer in soil and promote the growth of crops.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 2 cumulative water dissolution rate in leaching test
FIG. 3 Total Nitrogen content of differently treated soils after Leaching test
FIG. 4 effective phosphorus content of differently treated soils after leaching test
FIG. 5 quick-acting potassium content of soil treated differently after leaching test
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: the production method of the vinasse biochar-based fertilizer comprises the following steps:
1) drying distiller's grains as raw material to water content<10 percent, the distillers 'grains are carbonized by a carbonization furnace to prepare the distillers' grains biochar, the carbonization temperature is 400-600 ℃, and the oxygen content is controlled<6% (volume content); the carbonization furnace is provided with two burners of fuel gas and fuel oil, 400-plus-600 ℃ oil gas discharged by the carbonization furnace reduces the temperature to 60 ℃ through the heat exchanger, then enters the water washing tower for spraying, is separated through the oil-water separator, the obtained combustible gas and tar are returned to the carbonization furnace as supplementary fuel, and all the wastewater returns to the water washing tower for spraying. In the waste heat recovery process, the amount of generated heat water is as follows: 1.5-3.0t/t (dry vinasse). In this example, the gas production rate was: 1500-2000Nm3T (dry based distillers' grains), char yield: 0.3-0.35t/t (dry vinasse).
2) Taking vinasse as a raw material, carrying out aerobic fermentation, aging, crushing, magnetic separation and screening on the vinasse to obtain a vinasse basic fertilizer, adding the vinasse biochar prepared in the step 1) into the vinasse basic fertilizer, mixing, and carrying out granulation and screening to obtain a vinasse biochar based fertilizer; inoculating bacteria are not added in the vinasse aerobic fermentation process, the fermentation time is 18-22 days, the fermentation temperature is controlled at 60-70 ℃, and the fermentation is carried out for 1 time each day by adopting a milling disc type turner; decomposing fermented distiller's grains in an aging workshop for 30-50 days while maintaining natural ventilation condition without turning. In the embodiment, the mixing ratio of the vinasse base fertilizer to the vinasse biochar is 8.5:1.5-6.5:3.5, and the preferable ratio is 7.5: 2.5. The total nutrient (N, P, K) of the biochar-based fertilizer is more than or equal to 5 percent, the organic matter is more than or equal to 48 percent, and the water content is less than or equal to 28 percent.
3) The odor and dust in the whole production workshop are collected in a centralized way and are treated by a dust removal and deodorization device to reach the standard and then are discharged.
4) Leaching tests are carried out on the vinasse charcoal base fertilizer with different biochar adding ratios, and the test results are shown in figures 2-5, wherein F1 is a blank control group, and the fertilizer-charcoal ratios of the vinasse charcoal base fertilizer added in F2, F3 and F4 are respectively 9:1, 8:2 and 7: 3. From the test results shown in fig. 2-5, the cumulative water dissolution rate is reduced and the contents of total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil are increased with the increase of the adding proportion of the biochar, which indicates that the vinasse biochar based fertilizer can adsorb and load fertilizer nutrients and delay the release and leaching loss of the fertilizer in the soil.
5) The sorghum pot culture test is carried out by using the vinasse charcoal-based fertilizers with different biochar addition ratios, and the test results are shown in table 1, wherein 1# is a blank control group, and the fertilizer-charcoal ratios of the vinasse charcoal-based fertilizers added in 2#, 3#, 4#, 5# and 6# are respectively 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4 and 5: 5. From the test results in the
TABLE 1