阅读说明：本技术 一种具有氮肥高吸收效率的包膜型缓释化肥及其配置方法 (Coated slow-release fertilizer with high absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and preparation method thereof ) 是由 王英奇 于 2020-06-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及化肥生产技术领域,尤其为一种具有氮肥高吸收效率的包膜型缓释化肥及其配置方法,选取以脲甲醛缩合物为主体的化肥母料,利用高温将硫磺进行融化,并选取化肥母料重量40％融化后的硫磺,使用喷涂装置喷涂在化肥母料的外表面,作为初层包膜,随后依次喷涂密封蜡和辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠层与氨基树脂溶液层,本发明中,做多层膜的包覆可以对化肥母料进行保护,并且可以控制包覆膜的厚度控制母料的施肥时间,利用密封蜡和辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉钠的包覆层,对单层包裹的化肥母料进行完全封堵包覆,避免产生缝隙造成原料的流失,同时氨基树脂层有效的包覆可以降低化肥母料运输过程中产生摩擦对母料造成损伤,提高了化肥母料的稳定性。(The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer production, in particular to a coated slow-release fertilizer with high absorption efficiency of a nitrogen fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein a fertilizer master batch taking a urea-formaldehyde condensation compound as a main body is selected, sulfur is melted at high temperature, the melted sulfur accounting for 40 percent of the weight of the fertilizer master batch is selected, a spraying device is used for spraying on the outer surface of the fertilizer master batch to be used as an initial coating, and then a sealing wax, an octenyl succinic acid starch sodium starch layer and an amino resin solution layer are sequentially sprayed on the outer surface of the fertilizer master batch, in the invention, the fertilizer master batch can be protected by coating a multilayer film, the thickness of the coating film can be controlled to control the fertilizing time of the master batch, the fertilizer master batch coated by a single layer is completely blocked and coated by the coating layer of the sealing wax and the octenyl succinic acid starch sodium, so that the loss of raw materials caused by gaps is avoided, and meanwhile, the, the stability of the fertilizer master batch is improved.)

1. A coated slow-release fertilizer with high absorption efficiency of nitrogenous fertilizer and a preparation method thereof are characterized in that: the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: selecting a fertilizer master batch taking a urea-formaldehyde condensate as a main body, wherein the urea-formaldehyde condensate is a mixture consisting of a dimer and an oligomer;

step two: preheating the fertilizer master batch, wherein the preheating temperature is 90 ℃, melting sulfur at 150 ℃, selecting the melted sulfur with the weight of 40% of the fertilizer master batch, spraying the sulfur on the outer surface of the fertilizer master batch by using a spraying device to be used as an initial layer coating, then cooling for 1.5 hours at room temperature, and then processing;

step three: adding sealing wax accounting for 14% of the weight of the fertilizer master batch and sodium starch octenyl succinate accounting for 6% of the weight of the fertilizer master batch into water for dilution and mixing, stirring for 0.5 hour at 50 ℃ until the mixture is viscous and pasty, adding fertilizer granules after primary coating, continuously stirring for 0.25 hour, taking out and drying to obtain a two-layer coating;

the fourth step: and spraying amino resin solution on the outer side of the two layers of envelopes to form a final layer of protective film, and cooling for 0.5 hour after spraying to obtain a finished particle product.

2. The coated slow-release fertilizer with high absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the production of the urea formaldehyde comprises the steps of mixing urea with a volume ratio of 1: 1.2 and 37% of aldehyde water solution, adjusting the pH value of the mixed liquid to be 8.0, heating to 85 ℃, stirring for 20 minutes, reacting for 1.5 hours, cooling, adding white turbid liquid into a kneader, heating to 90 ℃, adjusting the pH value to be acidic by adopting calcium phosphate, and reacting for 2 hours to obtain a granular product.

3. The coated slow-release fertilizer with high absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the fertilizer master batch is firstly screened out by a screening machine to obtain particles with the diameter smaller than 5 mm for use, fertilizer master batch which cannot be screened is crushed and collected by a crusher, the crushed fertilizer master batch has the diameter smaller than 5 mm and is in a small granular shape.

4. The coated slow-release fertilizer with high absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the main components of the urea-formaldehyde condensate are a mixture of monohydroxymethyl urea, dimethylol urea, methylene urea and the like.

5. The coated slow-release fertilizer with high absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the amino resin spraying layer is one fourth of the total film thickness of the outer side of the fertilizer master batch.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer production, in particular to a film-coated slow-release fertilizer with high absorption efficiency of a nitrogen fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background

At present, the utilization rate of foreign fertilizers is 50-55 percent, the utilization rate of the fertilizers in China is generally only about 35 percent, the utilization rate of the fertilizers is influenced by factors such as soil types, soil fertility, crop varieties, planting techniques, fertilizer types, varieties, quantity, quality and the like, because the utilization rate is too low, nutrient substances such as nitrogen, protein and the like in the fertilizer can not be effectively absorbed when the plants need the fertilizer, excessive fertilization is difficult to avoid, the physical properties of the soil are continuously deteriorated, the improvement of the yield and the quality of crops is influenced, therefore, the film-coated slow-release fertilizer with high absorption efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer is provided for solving the problems, the fertilizer has the beneficial effects that the initial release of nutrients is delayed through various regulation mechanisms, the effective period of absorption and utilization of the available nutrients by plants is prolonged, and the nutrients are released slowly or controllably according to the set release rate and release period.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a coated slow-release fertilizer with high absorption efficiency of a nitrogen fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the background art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a coated slow-release fertilizer with high absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: selecting a fertilizer master batch taking a urea-formaldehyde condensate as a main body, wherein the urea-formaldehyde condensate is a mixture consisting of a dimer and an oligomer;

step two: preheating the fertilizer master batch, wherein the preheating temperature is 90 ℃, melting sulfur at 150 ℃, selecting the melted sulfur with the weight of 40% of the fertilizer master batch, spraying the sulfur on the outer surface of the fertilizer master batch by using a spraying device to be used as an initial layer coating, then cooling for 1.5 hours at room temperature, and then processing;

step three: adding sealing wax accounting for 14% of the weight of the fertilizer master batch and sodium starch octenyl succinate accounting for 6% of the weight of the fertilizer master batch into water for dilution and mixing, stirring for 0.5 hour at 50 ℃ until the mixture is viscous and pasty, adding fertilizer granules after primary coating, continuously stirring for 0.25 hour, taking out and drying to obtain a two-layer coating;

the fourth step: and spraying amino resin solution on the outer side of the two layers of envelopes to form a final layer of protective film, and cooling for 0.5 hour after spraying to obtain a finished particle product.

Preferably, the urea formaldehyde is produced by mixing urea and 37% aldehyde water solution in a volume ratio of 1: 1.2, adjusting the pH value of the mixed liquid to 8.0, heating to 85 ℃, stirring for 20 minutes, reacting for 1.5 hours, cooling, adding white turbid liquid into a kneader, heating to 90 ℃, adjusting the pH value to acidity by using calcium phosphate, and reacting for 2 hours to obtain the granular product.

Preferably, the fertilizer master batch is firstly screened out by a screening machine to obtain particles with the diameter smaller than 5 mm for use, the fertilizer master batch which is not screened out is crushed and collected by a crusher, the crushed fertilizer master batch has the diameter smaller than 5 mm and is in a small granular shape.

Preferably, the main component of the urea-formaldehyde condensate is a mixture of monohydroxymethylurea, dimethylol urea and methylene urea.

Preferably, the amino resin spraying layer is one fourth of the total coating thickness of the outer side of the fertilizer master batch.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, the fertilizer master batch can be protected by coating the multilayer film, the fertilizing time of the master batch can be controlled by controlling the thickness of the coating film, the fertilizer master batch coated by a single layer is completely blocked and coated by using the coating layers of the sealing wax and the sodium starch octenyl succinate in the coating process, so that the loss of raw materials caused by gaps is avoided, meanwhile, the damage to the master batch caused by friction generated in the transportation process of the fertilizer master batch can be reduced by effectively coating the amino resin layer, and the stability of the fertilizer master batch is improved.

Detailed Description