阅读说明：本技术 一种抗旱缓释型盐碱土壤调理剂及其制备方法 (Drought-resistant slow-release saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof ) 是由 王梓默 张忠辉 何怀江 陈思羽 张大伟 林士杰 包广道 杨帆 罗也 于 2020-06-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种抗旱缓释型盐碱土壤调理剂,包括下述重量份的原料：腐植酸尿素40-50份、棉粕20-30份、无机肥10-15份、木质素5-10份、聚乙烯醇5-10份、保水剂2-3份和表面活性剂2-3份；制备过程包括：称取原料、保水剂中加入水,在80-100℃下搅拌至溶解,得到料液A、料液A中加入聚乙烯醇和表面活性剂,在80-100℃下搅拌至溶解,得到料液B、料液B中加入无机肥和腐植酸尿素,搅拌至溶解,得到料液C、料液C冷冻干燥、粉碎,得到颗粒剂；颗粒剂中加入木质素和棉粕,搅拌均匀,得到土壤调理剂。(The invention discloses a drought-resistant slow-release saline-alkali soil conditioner which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of humic acid urea, 20-30 parts of cottonseed meal, 10-15 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 5-10 parts of lignin, 5-10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 2-3 parts of water-retaining agent and 2-3 parts of surfactant; the preparation process comprises the following steps: weighing raw materials and water-retaining agent, adding water, stirring at 80-100 ℃ until the raw materials are dissolved to obtain a feed liquid A, adding polyvinyl alcohol and a surfactant into the feed liquid A, stirring at 80-100 ℃ until the raw materials are dissolved to obtain a feed liquid B, adding an inorganic fertilizer and humic acid urea into the feed liquid B, stirring until the inorganic fertilizer and the humic acid urea are dissolved to obtain a feed liquid C and a feed liquid C, and freeze-drying and crushing to obtain granules; adding lignin and cottonseed meal into the granules, and uniformly stirring to obtain the soil conditioner.)

1. A drought-resistant slow-release saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of humic acid urea, 20-30 parts of cottonseed meal, 10-15 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 5-10 parts of lignin, 5-10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 2-3 parts of water-retaining agent and 2-3 parts of surfactant.

2. The drought-resistant slow-release saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the humic acid urea comprises: weathered coal, urea, a solid catalyst and a liquid catalyst, wherein the mass ratio is 1: 1.

3. The drought-resistant slow-release type saline-alkali soil conditioner as claimed in claim 2, wherein the solid catalyst is ammonium bicarbonate, and the liquid catalyst is 25% by mass of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.

4. The drought-resistant slow-release saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic fertilizer comprises monopotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium sulfate.

5. The drought-resistant slow-release saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized in that the water-retaining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: attapulgite clay powder, volcanic ash, water-absorbing resin and wood dust are 3: 1: 2: 4.

6. The drought-resistant slow-release saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant comprises: sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine or diethanolamine salts.

7. A preparation method of a drought-resistant slow-release saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) weighing the raw materials according to any one of claims 1 to 6;

2) adding water into the water-retaining agent, and stirring at 80-100 ℃ until the water-retaining agent is dissolved to obtain a feed liquid A;

3) adding polyvinyl alcohol and a surfactant into the feed liquid A, and stirring at 80-100 ℃ until the polyvinyl alcohol and the surfactant are dissolved to obtain feed liquid B;

4) adding inorganic fertilizer and humic acid urea into the feed liquid B, and stirring until the inorganic fertilizer and the humic acid urea are dissolved to obtain feed liquid C;

5) freeze drying the feed liquid C, and pulverizing to obtain granule;

6) adding lignin and cottonseed meal into the granules, and uniformly stirring to obtain the soil conditioner.

8. The preparation method of the drought-resistant slow-release saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 7, wherein in the step 2), the addition amount of water is 6-10 times of the mass of the water-retaining agent.

9. The preparation method of the drought-resistant slow-release saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 8, wherein in the step 5), the freeze drying process is carried out at-45 to-55 ℃ for 1-2 h.

10. The preparation method of the drought-resistant slow-release saline-alkali soil conditioner according to claim 9, wherein in the step 5), the fineness of the crushed materials is 20-30 meshes.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a drought-resistant slow-release saline-alkali soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof.

Background

At present, the total area of the saline-alkali soil in the world is about 9.5 hundred million hm²Occupying nearly 10% of the total land area, land salinization, one of the major types of soil degradation, has become a worldwide resource problem and an ecological problem. The saline-alkali soil area of China is about 3.5 hundred million hm²As an important grain production base and farming and animal husbandry base in northern areas, the Songnen plain is one of main saline-alkali soil distribution areas in China, and the area of the salinized land reaches 3.73 × 10⁶hm²And continues to expand at a rate of about 1.5% per year, with the degree of salinization continuing to increase. The ecological transition zone of the forest grassland in the western region of Jilin province, which is located in the abdominal land of the tender plain, belongs to the continental monsoon climate of the semiarid and semihumid humid zone, is a sensitive area of environment and climate change, and has increasingly severe problems of land salinization, desertification, land degradation and the like, and the deterioration of land resource quality and agricultural production conditions become one of the main barrier factors which obstruct the development and sustainable utilization of local agricultural production. The improvement and utilization of the Jixi saline-alkali land as a potential cultivated land resource become one of the most concerned problems for the development of the tender plain land resource.

The improvement of saline-alkali soil is a complex comprehensive treatment system engineering, and at present, the improvement mainly comprises improvement measures of chemistry, biology, agriculture, water conservancy engineering and the like. Among the many means of improvement, chemical improvement is the application of organic substances such as gypsum, sulfuric acid and acid salts, weathered coal or peat to the soil. A large number of researchers prove that gypsum, aluminum sulfate, sulfur, fly ash, citric acid residues and the like can effectively reduce the pH value and the alkalization degree of soil and increase Ca in the soil²⁺、Mg²⁺And (4) content, and the alkalization condition of the soil is relieved. The application of the organic fertilizer can provide necessary nutrition for crops and microorganisms, change the microbial population and activity,the soil volume weight is reduced, the total porosity and capillary porosity of the soil are increased, the infiltration rate of the soil is improved, the salt leaching of saline soil is facilitated, the sodium alkalization degree and the conductivity of the soil are reduced, the micro-aggregate content of the soil is improved, the conditions of soil hardening and poor permeability are changed, and the crop yield is improved. At present, most of commercially available soil conditioners have single functions, mainly aim at regulating the salinity and alkalinity of soil and have weak effects on promoting the improvement of the water and fertilizer retention capacity of saline-alkali soil and the improvement of the crop yield of saline-alkali soil obstacle cultivated land.

Therefore, how to provide a drought-resistant slow-release saline-alkali soil conditioner is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention applies humic acid urea, cottonseed meal and inorganic fertilizer as nutrient substances into soil, adds the water retention agent to keep the water content of the soil, and the surfactant complexes heavy metal ions in the soil, thereby improving the soil structure and reducing the salt alkalinity of the soil.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a drought-resistant slow-release saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of humic acid urea, 20-30 parts of cottonseed meal, 10-15 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 5-10 parts of lignin, 5-10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 2-3 parts of water-retaining agent and 2-3 parts of surfactant.

The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the humic acid urea is a humic acid-urea complex generated by the reaction of humic acid and urea, and can provide organic matters and nitrogen for soil. Moreover, the humic acid urea can control the rapid decomposition of urea, control the release speed of nitrogen nutrition, and simultaneously activate humic acid to improve soil fertility and improve water and fertilizer retention performance; the cottonseed meal is a reddish or yellow granular object obtained by pressing, leaching and other processes of cottonseed, and contains more than 40% of crude protein, so that the cottonseed meal can provide rich nutrition for soil; humic acid and lignin can promote the formation of soil aggregates, reduce the volume weight of soil, increase the porosity of the soil, play a role in preventing soil hardening, preserving water and fertilizer and enhancing the stress resistance of plants, and the humic acid can also balance the salinized soil; the polyvinyl alcohol can also promote the formation of soil aggregates, so that the soil can slowly release nutrients; the surfactant can complex metal ions, so that the content of heavy metals in the soil is reduced; the water-retaining agent can keep the moisture in the soil, thereby improving the drought resistance of crops.

The invention combines a plurality of components together, optimizes the proportion among the components, ensures that the components play a role in a synergistic way, improves the structure and the saline-alkali property of soil to the maximum extent, increases the content of nutrient substances in the soil and improves the yield of crops.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the humic acid urea comprises: weathered coal, urea, a solid catalyst and a liquid catalyst, wherein the mass ratio is 1: 1.

The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the catalyst can activate humic acid and catalyze the reaction of humic acid and urea to generate physical and chemical adsorption reactions such as ion exchange, hydrogen bond association, free radical reaction and the like, thereby achieving an ideal reaction effect.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solid catalyst is ammonium bicarbonate, and the liquid catalyst is a 25% by mass aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the inorganic fertilizer comprises monopotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium sulfate.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the water-retaining agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: attapulgite clay powder, volcanic ash, water-absorbing resin and wood dust are 3: 1: 2: 4.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the surfactant includes: sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, diethanolamine salts or triethanolamine salts.

A preparation method of a drought-resistant slow-release saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

1) weighing the raw materials according to any one of claims 1 to 5;

2) adding water into the water-retaining agent, and stirring at 80-100 ℃ until the water-retaining agent is dissolved to obtain a feed liquid A;

3) adding polyvinyl alcohol and a surfactant into the feed liquid A, and stirring at 80-100 ℃ until the polyvinyl alcohol and the surfactant are dissolved to obtain feed liquid B;

4) adding inorganic fertilizer and humic acid urea into the feed liquid B, and stirring until the inorganic fertilizer and the humic acid urea are dissolved to obtain feed liquid C;

5) freeze drying the feed liquid C, and pulverizing to obtain granule;

6) adding lignin and cottonseed meal into the granules to obtain the soil conditioner.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 2), the adding amount of water is 6-10 times of the mass of the water-retaining agent.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 5), the freeze drying process is carried out at-45 to-55 ℃ for 1-2 h.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 5), the fineness of the crushed materials is 20-30 meshes.

In conclusion, the invention provides a drought-resistant slow-release saline-alkali soil conditioner, which achieves the technical effects that:

1) humic acid and cotton dregs are used for increasing the content of organic matters in soil, and meanwhile, the humic acid can control the slow release of urea components, so that the slow release effect is achieved, the soil can fully absorb nutrient components, the basic structure of the humic acid is aromatic ring and alicyclic ring, the ring is connected with functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, quinonyl, methoxyl and the like, the humic acid has the effects of exchanging, adsorbing, complexing, chelating and the like with metal ions, and also has the effect of adjusting the pH value of the soil;

2) the water-retaining agent is added, so that the soil can quickly absorb and lock rainwater or irrigation water to change the rainwater or irrigation water into solid water without flowing and leakage;

3) sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, diethanolamine salt or triethanolamine salt can be used for complexing heavy metal ions in soil, so that heavy metal accumulation in plants is prevented;

4) the invention reasonably controls the weight ratio of the components, so that the components have synergistic effect and the effect of conditioning soil is exerted to the maximum extent.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.