阅读说明：本技术 一种花卉专用肥及制备方法 (Special fertilizer for flowers and preparation method thereof ) 是由 李方文 周子军 刘晓莉 秦鱼生 马娇 陈琨 朱章顺 曾祥忠 石小庆 郭松 杨苑钊 于 2020-06-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种花卉专用肥,包括矿质养分、黏土细粉和纤维素衍生物；还可以包括海藻酸盐,以及壳聚糖衍生物。本发明花卉专用肥的一个技术方案中,利用纤维素衍生物和黏土发生交联反应,延缓肥料释放速度。本发明花卉专用肥的一个技术方案中,使用海藻酸和纤维素衍生物,能改善土壤物理结构,降低土壤板结,共同作用减少养分淋溶损失数量,提高肥料利用效率。本发明花卉专用肥的一个技术方案中,使用壳聚糖衍生物和海藻酸盐,可以提高花卉抗病能力,降低剧毒农药的使用数量,对环境更加友好。(The invention discloses a special fertilizer for flowers, which comprises mineral nutrients, clay fine powder and cellulose derivatives; alginate, and chitosan derivatives may also be included. In the technical scheme of the special fertilizer for flowers, the release speed of the fertilizer is delayed by utilizing the cross-linking reaction of the cellulose derivative and clay. In the technical scheme of the special fertilizer for flowers, alginic acid and cellulose derivatives are used, so that the physical structure of soil can be improved, the soil hardening is reduced, the loss amount of leaching of nutrients is reduced under the combined action, and the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer is improved. In the technical scheme of the special fertilizer for flowers, the chitosan derivative and the alginate are used, so that the disease resistance of the flowers can be improved, the using amount of highly toxic pesticides is reduced, and the special fertilizer for flowers is more environment-friendly.)

1. The special fertilizer for flowers is characterized by comprising the following components:

mineral nutrients: mineral elements and/or compounds for direct absorption by flowers;

clay fine powder and cellulose derivative: is used for delaying the release speed of mineral nutrients.

2. A flower special fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising alginate: the cellulose derivative is used for synergistically improving the physical structure of soil, reducing soil hardening, reducing the nutrient leaching loss quantity under the combined action, and improving the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer.

3. A flower special fertilizer according to claim 2, further comprising a chitosan derivative: is used for improving the disease resistance of flowers in cooperation with alginate.

4. A flower special fertilizer according to claim 1, 2 or 3,

the clay is at least one of attapulgite and bentonite;

the alginate is sodium alginate;

the cellulose derivative is one or two of carboxymethyl cellulose and polyanionic cellulose;

the chitosan derivative is chitosan oligosaccharide with the relative molecular weight less than 3200.

5. A flower special fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein the contents of each component in parts by weight are respectively as follows: 86-97.997 parts of mineral nutrients, 2-10 parts of clay, 0.01-1 part of cellulose derivatives, 0.01-1 part of alginate and 0.01-2 parts of chitosan derivatives.

6. A flower special fertilizer according to claim 4,

the mineral nutrients comprise at least one of a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer, a magnesium fertilizer, an iron fertilizer and a zinc fertilizer,

the nitrogen fertilizer is at least one of urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride,

the phosphate fertilizer is at least one of calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate,

the potash fertilizer is at least one of potassium sulfate and potassium chloride,

the magnesium fertilizer is at least one of magnesium sulfate and magnesium chloride,

the iron fertilizer is at least one of ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride and ferrous citrate,

the zinc fertilizer is at least one of zinc sulfate, zinc chloride and zinc humate.

7. A special fertilizer for flowers as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mineral nutrients comprise, by weight, 10-30 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 10-30 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 10-30 parts of potassium fertilizer, 5-10 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 1-3 parts of iron fertilizer and 1-3 parts of zinc fertilizer.

8. A flower specific fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the specific fertilizer is for potted flowers; the flower is cotton rose.

9. A preparation method of the special fertilizer for flowers and plants as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: drying and crushing the clay to obtain clay fine powder;

s2: mixing mineral nutrients and clay fine powder uniformly to obtain a mixture,

s3: adding a cellulose derivative into water, or sequentially adding the cellulose derivative and alginate into water, or sequentially adding the cellulose derivative, alginate and chitosan derivative into water to obtain a functional material solution;

s4: starting stirring, slowly adding the functional material solution into the mixture, and uniformly stirring;

s5: and (5) granulating to obtain the special fertilizer granules for flowers.

10. A flower special fertilizer as claimed in claim 9, comprising the following steps:

s1: drying and crushing the attapulgite, and sieving the crushed attapulgite by a 60-mesh sieve to obtain fine attapulgite powder;

s2: uniformly mixing 10-30 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 10-30 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 10-30 parts of ferrous citrate, 5-10 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 1-3 parts of iron fertilizer, 1-3 parts of zinc humate and 2-10 parts of attapulgite fine powder by weight to obtain a mixture;

s3: sequentially adding 0.01-1 part of cellulose derivative, 0.01-1 part of sodium alginate and 0.01-2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide into water according to parts by weight to prepare a functional material solution;

s4: starting stirring, slowly adding the functional material solution into the mixture, and uniformly stirring;

s5: and (4) granulating by using a rotary drum or a disc granulator to obtain the special fertilizer granules with the particle size of 2-3 mm for flowers.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of fertilizers, relates to a fertilizer for flowers, and particularly relates to a multifunctional fertilizer special for flowers and a preparation method of the special fertilizer.

Background

With the great improvement of the material culture level in China, the requirements of people on spiritual culture and ecological culture are increasingly improved, and the planting and design of potted flowers play an important role. The potted flower can not only beautify indoor and outdoor environment, but also purify air and render atmosphere.

Limited by the volume of the flowerpot, potted flowers, especially those that grow rapidly and have a large biomass, are susceptible to external temperature and humidity and to nutrient supply within the pot. The high-temperature and high-humidity environment can cause the rapid proliferation of some pathogenic bacteria in soil, cause root rot and stem base rot, and the like, and seriously threaten the growth and development of flowers. Due to the high irrigation frequency of the pot culture soil, nutrients are easy to lose along with water, the nutrient supply is insufficient, the soil is hardened, and the nutrient utilization condition of plants is influenced.

In the process of implementing the invention, the inventor finds that at least one technical problem in the prior art is as follows:

1. the release speed of mineral nutrients in the fertilizer is too fast, which is not favorable for the full utilization of the mineral nutrients by flowers.

2. Commercial flower fertilizers on the market are more focused on providing nutrients for flowers, and have less relation to soil improvement and disease resistance of the flowers.

3. Unreasonable pesticide-fertilizer blending granulation technology can reduce the effectiveness of fertilizers and pesticides.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a flower special fertilizer, which has a fertilizer slow release function.

The invention also aims to provide the special fertilizer for flowers, which has the functions of fertilizer slow release and fertilization and soil improvement.

The invention also aims to provide a special fertilizer for flowers, which has the functions of fertilizer slow release, fertilizing and improving soil and improving disease resistance of flowers.

Meanwhile, the invention also provides a preparation method of the special fertilizer for flowers.

The inventor continuously reforms and innovates through long-term exploration and attempt, and multiple tests and endeavors, and in order to solve the technical problems and realize the first purpose of the invention, the technical scheme provided by the invention is to provide a special flower fertilizer, which comprises the following components:

mineral nutrients: mineral elements and/or compounds for direct absorption by flowers;

clay fine powder and cellulose derivative: is used for delaying the release speed of mineral nutrients.

Further, the contents of the components in parts by weight are respectively as follows: 86-97.997 parts of mineral nutrients, 2-10 parts of clay and 0.01-1 part of cellulose derivatives.

The second purpose of the invention is realized, and the technical scheme provided by the invention is to provide a special fertilizer for flowers, which comprises the following components:

mineral nutrients: mineral elements and/or compounds for direct absorption by flowers;

clay fine powder and cellulose derivative: used for delaying the release speed of mineral nutrients;

alginate: the cellulose derivative is used for synergistically improving the physical structure of soil, reducing soil hardening, reducing the nutrient leaching loss quantity under the combined action, and improving the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer.

Further, the contents of the components in parts by weight are respectively as follows: 86-97.997 parts of mineral nutrients, 2-10 parts of clay, 0.01-1 part of cellulose derivatives and 0.01-1 part of alginate.

The third purpose of the invention is realized, and the technical scheme provided by the invention is that the special fertilizer for flowers comprises the following components:

mineral nutrients: mineral elements and/or compounds for direct absorption by flowers;

clay fine powder and cellulose derivative: used for delaying the release speed of mineral nutrients;

alginate: the cellulose derivative is used for synergistically improving the physical structure of soil, reducing soil hardening, reducing the nutrient leaching loss quantity under the combined action, and improving the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer;

a chitosan derivative: is used for improving the disease resistance of flowers in cooperation with alginate.

Preferably, the clay is at least one of attapulgite and bentonite.

Preferably, the alginate is sodium alginate.

Preferably, the cellulose derivative is one or both of carboxymethyl cellulose and polyanionic cellulose.

Preferably, the chitosan derivative is a chitosan oligosaccharide having a relative molecular weight of less than 3200.

Further, the contents of the components in parts by weight are respectively as follows: 86-97.997 parts of mineral nutrients, 2-10 parts of clay, 0.01-1 part of cellulose derivatives, 0.01-1 part of alginate and 0.01-2 parts of chitosan derivatives.

Further, the contents of the components in parts by weight are respectively as follows: 86-97.997 parts of mineral nutrients, 2-5 parts of clay, 0.01-0.1 part of cellulose derivatives, 0.01-0.1 part of alginate and 0.01-0.2 part of chitosan derivatives.

Further, the contents of the components in parts by weight are respectively as follows: 86-97.997 parts of mineral nutrients, 5-10 parts of clay, 0.1-1 part of cellulose derivatives, 0.1-1 part of alginate and 0.2-2 parts of chitosan derivatives.

Further preferably, the mineral nutrients include at least one of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer, a magnesium fertilizer, an iron fertilizer and a zinc fertilizer.

Further preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is at least one of urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride.

Further preferably, the phosphate fertilizer is at least one of calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate.

Further preferably, the potash fertilizer is at least one of potassium sulfate and potassium chloride.

Further preferably, the magnesium fertilizer is at least one of magnesium sulfate and magnesium chloride.

Further preferably, the iron fertilizer is at least one of ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride and ferrous citrate.

More preferably, the iron fertilizer is ferrous citrate.

Further preferably, the zinc fertilizer is at least one of zinc sulfate, zinc chloride and zinc humate.

More preferably, the zinc fertilizer is zinc humate.

Preferably, the mineral nutrients comprise, by weight, 10-30 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, 10-30 parts of a phosphate fertilizer, 10-30 parts of a potassium fertilizer, 5-10 parts of a magnesium fertilizer, 1-3 parts of an iron fertilizer and 1-3 parts of a zinc fertilizer.

Preferably, the special fertilizer is used for potted flowers.

Preferably, the flower is cotton rose.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the special fertilizer for flowers, which comprises the following steps:

s1: drying and crushing the clay to obtain clay fine powder;

s2: mixing mineral nutrients and clay fine powder uniformly to obtain a mixture,

s3: adding a cellulose derivative into water, or sequentially adding the cellulose derivative and alginate into water, or sequentially adding the cellulose derivative, alginate and chitosan derivative into water to obtain a functional material solution;

s4: starting stirring, slowly adding the functional material solution into the mixture, and uniformly stirring;

s5: and (5) granulating to obtain the special fertilizer granules for flowers.

Preferably, the preparation method of the special fertilizer for flowers comprises the following specific steps:

s1: drying and crushing the clay, and sieving the clay through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain clay fine powder;

s2: uniformly mixing 10-30 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 10-30 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 10-30 parts of ferrous citrate, 5-10 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 1-3 parts of iron fertilizer, 1-3 parts of zinc humate and 2-10 parts of attapulgite fine powder by weight to obtain a mixture,

s3: adding 0.01-1 parts by weight of cellulose derivative into water to prepare a functional material solution;

s4: starting stirring, slowly adding the functional material solution into the mixture, and uniformly stirring;

s5: and (4) granulating by using a rotary drum or a disc granulator to obtain the special fertilizer granules with the particle size of 2-3 mm for flowers.

Further, the preparation method of the special fertilizer for flowers comprises the following specific steps:

s1: drying and crushing the clay, and sieving the clay through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain clay fine powder;

s2: uniformly mixing 10-30 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 10-30 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 10-30 parts of ferrous citrate, 5-10 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 1-3 parts of iron fertilizer, 1-3 parts of zinc humate and 2-10 parts of attapulgite fine powder by weight to obtain a mixture,

s3: sequentially adding 0.01-1 part of cellulose derivative and 0.01-1 part of sodium alginate in parts by weight into water to prepare a functional material solution;

s4: starting stirring, slowly adding the functional material solution into the mixture, and uniformly stirring;

s5: and (4) granulating by using a rotary drum or a disc granulator to obtain the special fertilizer granules with the particle size of 2-3 mm for flowers.

Further, the preparation method of the special fertilizer for flowers comprises the following specific steps:

s1: drying and crushing the clay, and sieving the clay through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain clay fine powder;

s2: uniformly mixing 10-30 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 10-30 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 10-30 parts of ferrous citrate, 5-10 parts of magnesium fertilizer, 1-3 parts of iron fertilizer, 1-3 parts of zinc humate and 2-10 parts of attapulgite fine powder by weight to obtain a mixture,

s3: sequentially adding 0.01-1 part of cellulose derivative, 0.01-1 part of sodium alginate and 0.01-2 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide into water according to parts by weight to prepare a functional material solution;

s4: starting stirring, slowly adding the functional material solution into the mixture, and uniformly stirring;

s5: and (4) granulating by using a rotary drum or a disc granulator to obtain the special fertilizer granules with the particle size of 2-3 mm for flowers.

Compared with the prior art, one of the technical solutions has the following advantages:

a) in the technical scheme of the special fertilizer for flowers, the release speed of the fertilizer is delayed by utilizing the cross-linking reaction of the cellulose derivative and clay.

b) In the technical scheme of the special fertilizer for flowers, the release speed of the fertilizer is delayed by utilizing the cross-linking reaction of the cellulose derivative and clay; the alginic acid and the cellulose derivative can improve the physical structure of soil, reduce soil hardening, reduce the leaching loss of nutrients under the combined action, and improve the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer.

c) In the technical scheme of the special fertilizer for flowers, the release speed of the fertilizer is delayed by utilizing the cross-linking reaction of the cellulose derivative and clay; the alginic acid and the cellulose derivative can improve the physical structure of soil, reduce soil hardening, reduce the leaching loss of nutrients under the combined action, and improve the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer; the chitosan derivative and the alginate are used, so that the disease resistance of flowers can be improved, the using amount of highly toxic pesticides can be reduced, and the environment-friendly effect is achieved.

d) The special fertilizer for flowers has simple production and granulation process and wide application prospect.

e) The special fertilizer for flowers, which has the functions of slow release, fertilization, soil improvement and disease resistance improvement of potted flowers, is certainly used, particularly, by compounding different kinds of functional substances, the fertilizer release speed can be delayed, the nutrient loss quantity is reduced, and chemical bactericides such as pesticides are partially replaced, so that the special fertilizer is more environment-friendly and has wide application prospect.

Detailed Description

The following description will be given with reference to specific examples.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.

In the invention, the components of mineral nutrients are completely the same in proportion and respectively comprise 20 parts of urea, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20 parts of potassium chloride, 7 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of ferrous citrate and 2 parts of zinc humate.

Of course, in addition to the experimental data shown in this example, the nitrogen fertilizer could also be ammonium sulfate or ammonium chloride. The nitrogen fertilizer can be used in the mineral nutrient in any amount of 10-30 parts, such as 10 parts, 15 parts, 20 parts, 25 parts and 30 parts. The phosphate fertilizer can also be calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. The amount of the phosphate fertilizer in the mineral nutrient may be any one of 10 to 30 parts, for example, 10 parts, 15 parts, 20 parts, 25 parts, and 30 parts. The potash fertilizer may also be potassium sulfate. The amount of the potash fertilizer in the mineral nutrients may be any value between 10 and 30 parts, for example, 10 parts, 15 parts, 20 parts, 25 parts, and 30 parts by weight. The magnesium fertilizer can also be magnesium chloride. The magnesium fertilizer can be used in any amount of 5-10 parts by weight of mineral nutrients, such as 5 parts by weight, 6 parts by weight, 7 parts by weight, 9 parts by weight and 10 parts by weight. The iron fertilizer can also be ferrous sulfate or ferrous chloride. The amount of the iron fertilizer in the mineral nutrient can be any value between 1 and 3 parts, such as 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight and 3 parts by weight. The zinc fertilizer can also be zinc sulfate or zinc chloride. The zinc fertilizer can be used in the mineral nutrient in any amount of 1-3 parts, such as 1 part by weight, 2 parts by weight and 3 parts by weight.

Except for the test data shown in the embodiment, the usage amount of mineral nutrients can be any value between 86 and 97.997 parts, the usage amount of clay can be any value between 2 and 10 parts, the usage amount of cellulose derivatives can be any value between 0.01 and 1 part, the usage amount of alginate can be any value between 0.01 and 1 part, and the usage amount of chitosan derivatives can be any value between 0.01 and 2 parts. The amounts of the individual components used in this example are only the preferred amounts.

In the embodiment, the preparation process of the fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps: drying and crushing attapulgite, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain fine attapulgite powder.

Uniformly mixing 20 parts of urea, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20 parts of potassium chloride, 7 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of ferrous citrate, 2 parts of zinc humate and 5 parts of attapulgite fine powder in parts by weight to obtain a mixture;

sequentially adding cellulose derivative parts, or/and sodium alginate parts, or/and chitosan oligosaccharide parts into water to prepare a functional material solution;

starting stirring, slowly adding the functional material solution into the mixture, and uniformly stirring;

and (4) granulating by using a rotary drum or a disc granulator to obtain fertilizer particles with the particle size of 2-3 mm.

Comparative example

In this comparative example, 95 parts of mineral nutrients and 5 parts of attapulgite were used as a control. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the preparation method of this example includes the following steps:

(2) and (3) putting 95 parts of mineral nutrients and 5 parts of attapulgite into a disc granulator, and gradually adding purified water into the disc granulator to prepare the fertilizer CK with the particle size of 2-3 mm as a control fertilizer.