阅读说明：本技术 一种缓释生态肥及其制备方法 (Slow-release ecological fertilizer and preparation method thereof ) 是由 刘现文 于 2020-07-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请涉及一种缓释生态肥及其制备方法,属于肥料的技术领域,一种缓释生态肥,所述生态肥包括重量份数的以下原料,氮磷钾肥料75-95份,有机肥料7-25份,硅藻土5-15份,沸石粉3-5份,保水剂1-4份,包膜材料11-19份；有机肥料包括重量比为1:(0.05-0.3):(0.02-0.1)的生化黄腐酸、硝基腐殖酸、草炭,本申请具有使土壤不易板结并能够提高利用率的效果；一种缓释生态肥的制备方法,包括有以下步骤：将各原料混匀并造粒,得到内芯；S2：在包膜材料中加入保水剂和重量为包膜材料总重量百分之10-80%的水,搅拌均匀得到包覆液；S3：将包覆液与内芯混匀,然后强制通风进行干燥。(The application relates to a slow-release ecological fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fertilizers, the slow-release ecological fertilizer comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 75-95 parts of nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer, 7-25 parts of organic fertilizer, 5-15 parts of diatomite, 3-5 parts of zeolite powder, 1-4 parts of water-retaining agent and 11-19 parts of coating material; the organic fertilizer comprises biochemical fulvic acid, nitrohumic acid and turf in a weight ratio of 1 (0.05-0.3) to 0.02-0.1, and has the effects of preventing soil from hardening and improving the utilization rate; a preparation method of a slow-release ecological fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing all the raw materials uniformly and granulating to obtain an inner core; s2: adding a water-retaining agent and water with the weight being 10-80% of the total weight of the coating material into the coating material, and uniformly stirring to obtain a coating solution; s3: and (4) uniformly mixing the coating solution and the inner core, and then drying by forced ventilation.)

1. A slow-release ecological fertilizer is characterized in that: the ecological fertilizer comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 75-95 parts of nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer, 7-25 parts of organic fertilizer, 5-15 parts of diatomite, 3-5 parts of zeolite powder, 1-4 parts of water-retaining agent and 11-19 parts of coating material;

the organic fertilizer comprises biochemical fulvic acid, nitro humic acid and turf with the weight ratio of 1 (0.05-0.3) to 0.02-0.1.

2. The slow-release ecological fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the biochemical fulvic acid is prepared by the following steps:

a1: mechanically crushing plant residues such as straws and the like to soften the plant residues, soaking the plant residues in lime water solution with the weight percentage concentration of 3-4%, fishing out the plant residues after 24-48h, and airing the plant residues until the water content is 60-70% to obtain softened straws;

a2: uniformly scattering 50-100kg of mixed bacterial liquid into each ton of softened straws, maintaining for 48 hours when the temperature of the materials rises to 60 ℃, then turning the materials, carrying out solid-liquid separation for 3-4 times in this way, and obtaining suspension;

a3: mixing the suspension with 0.1-0.2mol/L sodium hydroxide solution at a volume ratio of (15-20):1, standing for 1-2 hr, filtering to obtain mother liquor, concentrating, refining and drying to obtain the final product.

3. The slow-release ecological fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mixed bacterial liquid in step A2 comprises actinomycetes, bacillus megaterium, cellulobacter, polycystic organism fiber and bacillus subtilis, and the concentrations of all of the actinomycetes, the bacillus megaterium, the cellulobacter fiber and the bacillus subtilis are 2 × 10^8-9One/g of the mixed bacterial liquid.

4. The slow-release ecological fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer comprises urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and potassium nitrate in a weight ratio of 1 (0-2) to (0.05-2) to (0-1).

5. The slow-release ecological fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the coating material comprises 9-15 parts of ethyl cellulose and 2-4 parts of starch acetate.

6. The slow-release ecological fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water-retaining agent is potassium polyacrylate.

7. The preparation method of the slow-release ecological fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer, the diatomite and the zeolite powder, then adding the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, and granulating the mixture at a granulation temperature lower than 100 ℃ to obtain an inner core;

s2: adding a water-retaining agent and water with the weight being 10-80% of the total weight of the coating material into the coating material, uniformly stirring to obtain a coating liquid, uniformly mixing the coating liquid and the inner core, and then carrying out forced ventilation and drying.

8. The preparation method of the slow-release ecological fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in S2, the coating material comprises the following components in percentage by weight (9-15): (2-4) adding water accounting for 10-80% of the weight of half of the ethyl cellulose into half of the ethyl cellulose, uniformly stirring to obtain a coating solution, uniformly stirring the coating solution and the inner core, and performing primary drying; mixing the rest half of ethyl cellulose with starch acetate, adding water and water-retaining agent which account for 10-80% of the total weight of the half of ethyl cellulose and the starch acetate, mixing uniformly, continuously stirring uniformly with the inner core, and then drying by forced ventilation.

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a slow-release ecological fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The fertilizer provides necessary nutrient components for the growth of crops, plays a vital role in the yield and the quality of agricultural products, and occupies a large share in the investment of agricultural industry.

In recent years, the drawbacks resulting from the largely unordered use of chemical fertilizers have gradually emerged: for example: chemical approaches such as fertilizer ion form conversion (conversion of amide nitrogen into ammonium nitrogen, and the like) are lost, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is low; pollution to the atmosphere and water bodies; leading to soil hardening, destruction of the soil ecological environment and the like. At present, people adopt the technology of adding a nitrogen fertilizer slow-release agent and the like to slow down the release of a nitrogen fertilizer so as to improve the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer.

However, the problem of soil hardening is still difficult to solve, so it is important to provide a fertilizer which makes soil hard to harden and improves utilization rate.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to prevent soil from hardening and improve the utilization rate, the application provides the slow-release ecological fertilizer.

The above object of the present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

the slow-release ecological fertilizer comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 75-95 parts of nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer, 7-25 parts of organic fertilizer, 5-15 parts of diatomite, 3-5 parts of zeolite powder, 1-4 parts of a water-retaining agent and 11-19 parts of a coating material;

the organic fertilizer comprises biochemical fulvic acid, nitro humic acid and turf with the weight ratio of 1 (0.05-0.3) to 0.02-0.1.

By adopting the technical scheme, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is compounded with the organic fertilizer, so that the ecological fertilizer can supply fertilizer to soil relatively quickly, and organic substances in the organic fertilizer can be supplemented into the soil, thereby being beneficial to the formation of a soil granular structure and preventing the soil from hardening;

the biochemical fulvic acid is a product fermented by taking agricultural and forestry leftovers as raw materials by utilizing a biotechnology, contains more active functional groups, can better keep soil loose, enables soil not to be hardened easily, ensures soil activity, has certain chelating capacity and quite good complexing capacity for trace elements, can be chelated with indissolvable trace elements for reaction, and enables the solubility of the indissolvable trace elements to be improved and to be absorbed by crops easily;

the diatomite and the zeolite powder can be uniformly distributed and adhered to the surface of the organic fertilizer; the diatomite has a natural 'molecular sieve' -shaped pore structure and has strong adsorption performance, and the zeolite powder also has strong adsorption force, so that the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be better adsorbed and compounded with the organic fertilizer through the diatomite and the zeolite powder, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is not easy to quickly separate from the organic fertilizer and is released, the fertilizer supply time to soil is prolonged, the fertilizer efficiency is improved, and the utilization rate of the ecological fertilizer is improved;

the diatomite is irregular light porous particles, and the zeolite powder is also of a porous structure, so that the soil density can be reduced, the soil can be loosened, and the soil is not easy to harden; although most of the diatomite is insoluble amorphous silicon dioxide, the diatomite still contains a small amount of soluble silicon, and the silicon can be slowly released and absorbed by the roots of plants, so that the immunity of the plants is greatly improved, and the disease resistance of the plants is improved; the zeolite powder contains rich nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic matters, mineralized trace elements, ultramicro elements and organic active substances, directly provides comprehensive direct and indirect nutrients for crops, plants and soil by releasing, converting, exchanging and replacing active enzymes, and can improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity;

the nitrohumic acid is an organic fertilizer obtained by oxidizing peat, lignite and the like with nitric acid and then extracting, can help soil to form a granular structure, can increase the water permeability, water retention property and air permeability of the soil, increase the easy ploughing property, can also adjust the acidity of the soil, increase a large amount of macro and micronutrients and be beneficial to storing quick-acting nutrients in the soil; the interaction of humic organic substances and urea has an important effect on improving the soil fertility;

the nitrohumic acid, the grass carbon and the biochemical fulvic acid are compounded, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be uniformly mixed with the organic fertilizer through the diatomite and the zeolite powder, and the nitrohumic acid has stronger adsorption performance on nitrogen and potassium, while the grass carbon has stronger adsorption capacity on phosphorus, so that the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is further slowly released, and the utilization rate of the ecological fertilizer is improved.

Preferably, the biochemical fulvic acid is prepared through the following steps:

a1: mechanically crushing plant residues such as straws and the like to soften the plant residues, soaking the plant residues in lime water solution with the weight percentage concentration of 3-4%, fishing out the plant residues after 24-48h, and airing the plant residues until the water content is 60-70% to obtain softened straws;

a2: uniformly scattering 50-100kg of mixed bacterial liquid into each ton of softened straws, maintaining for 48 hours when the temperature of the materials rises to 60 ℃, then turning the materials, carrying out solid-liquid separation for 3-4 times in this way, and obtaining suspension;

a3: mixing the suspension with 0.1-0.2mol/L sodium hydroxide solution at a volume ratio of (15-20):1, standing for 1-2 hr, filtering to obtain mother liquor, concentrating, refining and drying to obtain the final product.

By adopting the technical scheme, in the fermentation process after the softened straws and the mixed bacterial liquid are uniformly mixed, organic matters in plant residues such as the straws and the like can be decomposed in the fermentation process of microorganisms, and finally, physiological effect substances such as enzymes, amino acids, vitamins and the like and trace elements and the like which are convenient for plants to absorb and have growth activity are obtained.

Preferably, the mixed bacterial liquid in the step A2 comprises actinomycetes, bacillus megaterium, cellulomonas and bacillus subtilis, and the concentration of the actinomycetes, bacillus megaterium, cellulomonas and bacillus subtilis is 2 × 10^8-9One/g of the mixed bacterial liquid.

By adopting the technical scheme, the composite bacterial liquid can comprehensively degrade fiber, hemicellulose, lignin and other carbohydrates in plant residues such as straws and the like into micromolecular fulvic acid active substances.

Preferably, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer comprises urea, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, monopotassium phosphate and potassium nitrate in a weight ratio of 1 (0-2) to (0.05-2) to (0-1).

By adopting the technical scheme, in the adopted raw materials, ammonium ions in urea and diammonium phosphate are used as nitrogen sources, hydrogen phosphate ions in diammonium phosphate and dihydrogen phosphate ions in potassium dihydrogen phosphate are used as phosphorus sources, potassium ions in potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium ions in potassium nitrate are used as potassium sources, and the raw materials do not contain chloride ions and sulfate ions which cause soil to be easily hardened. Greatly reduces the influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the soil, and ensures that the soil is not easy to harden; in the two potassium sources, monopotassium phosphate is taken as a main source, only a small amount of nitrate ions are added, nitrohumic acid has good adsorption capacity on the nitrate ions, so that the nitrate ions can be slowly released, the leaching property of the nitrate ions is reduced, and the nitrate ions are not easily enriched in underground water in a large amount.

Preferably, the coating material comprises 9-15 parts of ethyl cellulose and 2-4 parts of starch acetate.

By adopting the technical scheme, the ethyl cellulose has better functions of adhesion, filling, film forming and the like; the nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer and the organic fertilizer can be well coated, so that the slow release of the fertilizer effect is realized; the starch acetate has higher viscosity, and is compounded with the ethyl cellulose, so that the overall viscosity is improved, and the starch acetate can be well adhered to the surface of the ecological fertilizer.

Preferably, the water retaining agent is potassium polyacrylate.

By adopting the technical scheme, the potassium polyacrylate is super absorbent resin with extremely strong water absorption capacity, and can repeatedly release water and absorb water, so people in agriculture compare the potassium polyacrylate with the super absorbent resin to be a 'micro reservoir'. Meanwhile, the fertilizer can absorb fertilizer and pesticide and slowly release the fertilizer and the pesticide, so that the fertilizer efficiency and the pesticide effect are improved.

The second purpose of the application is to provide a preparation method of the slow-release ecological fertilizer, which comprises the following preparation steps:

s1: uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer, the diatomite and the zeolite powder, then adding the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, and granulating the mixture at a granulation temperature lower than 100 ℃ to obtain an inner core;

s2: adding a water-retaining agent and water with the weight being 10-80% of the total weight of the coating material into the coating material, uniformly stirring to obtain a coating liquid, uniformly mixing the coating liquid and the inner core, and then carrying out forced ventilation and drying.

By adopting the technical scheme, the granulation is carried out under low-temperature control, biuret and the like are prevented from being formed due to high temperature, and the granulation is safer and more reliable; the coating film formed by compounding the coating material and the water-retaining agent ensures that the slow-release effect is better.

Preferably, in S2, the coating material comprises (9-15) by weight: (2-4) adding water accounting for 10-80% of the weight of half of the ethyl cellulose into half of the ethyl cellulose, uniformly stirring to obtain a coating solution, uniformly stirring the coating solution and the inner core, and performing primary drying; mixing the rest half of ethyl cellulose with starch acetate, adding water and water-retaining agent which account for 10-80% of the total weight of the half of ethyl cellulose and the starch acetate, mixing uniformly, continuously stirring uniformly with the inner core, and then drying by forced ventilation.

By adopting the technical scheme, through the method, the surfaces of the organic fertilizer and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are coated by two layers of coating films, one layer of ethyl cellulose layer is used as an inner layer, the other layer of ethyl cellulose, starch acetate and water-retaining agent is used as an outer layer, and the water-retaining agent of the outer layer can absorb and release water while being used as the coating layer, so that a part of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is absorbed into the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer has a certain slow release effect on the fertilizer effect, the starch acetate is mixed in the outer layer material, the stability of the water-retaining agent in the outer layer material is ensured, and the unity of the outer layer coating layer; meanwhile, the water-retaining agent has the characteristics of water absorption and water release, the volume of the water-retaining agent changes, certain holes can be formed in the outer coating layer in the using process, the volume of the inner layer does not change, the inner layer ensures that the surface of the organic fertilizer and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be integrally coated, and the overall slow-release effect is better.

To sum up, the beneficial technical effect of this application does:

1. the nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are compounded, so that the fertilizer can be supplied to the soil quickly, organic substances can be supplemented into the soil, the soil is not easy to harden, the nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer can be better absorbed and compounded with the nitrohumic acid, the grass peat and the biochemical fulvic acid through the diatomite and the zeolite powder, the nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer is slowly released, and the utilization rate of the ecological fertilizer is improved;

2. the diatomite and the zeolite powder reduce the soil density, loosen the soil, ensure that the soil is not easy to harden, ensure that the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is better combined with the organic fertilizer, can provide nutrients such as trace elements, organic active substances and the like, and can improve the water retention and fertilizer retention capacity;

3. the organic fertilizer is compounded by three kinds of biochemical fulvic acid, nitrohumic acid and turf, so that the adsorbability of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is improved, the slow release property of the ecological fertilizer is improved, the utilization rate of the ecological fertilizer is improved, the soil is facilitated to form a granular structure, the acidity of the soil can be adjusted, and the quick-acting nutrients in the soil can be preserved.

Detailed Description

The present application is described in further detail below.

The present embodiment will be further described with reference to the following.

The potassium polyacrylate is produced by Ningchu city Tongfeng chemical Co., Ltd;

the diatomite is manufactured by Dasimethicone materials Co, Inc. of Sen of Dongguan;

the zeolite powder is used as a fertilizer, and the manufacturer is an Weifang Hongxiang bentonite factory;

nitrohumic acid, the manufacturer is Shandong Jingfeng humic acid science and technology Limited;

peat, purchased from Chongqing Tuoyuta agricultural science and technology development Co., Ltd;

urea, the manufacturer is the flourishing chemical company of creating rich in Jinnan;

diammonium phosphate, manufactured by Shandong Tengwang chemical Co., Ltd;

monopotassium phosphate, manufactured by Qingzhou Xinsheng chemical Co Ltd;

potassium nitrate, the manufacturer is Shanxi province, the city of the society, the Mingxing chemical company;

ethyl cellulose, manufactured as Puyang early morning agrochemicals, Inc.;

starch acetate, manufactured by Hubei Xin Rundji chemical Co.