阅读说明：本技术 一种二氧化硅土壤改良杀虫肥料及制备方法 (Silica soil improvement insecticidal fertilizer and preparation method thereof ) 是由 王伟平 于 2020-06-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种二氧化硅土壤改良杀虫肥料及制备方法,包括：介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒、尿素、碳酸氢氨和氨水,所述尿素溶液中的尿素包载于所述介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒的介孔中,通过所述碳酸氢铵和氨水将所述介孔表面进行封堵。本发明通过将尿素包载于介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒中,采用纳米级颗粒,能够有效提高农作物对肥料的吸收,提高利用率,减少流失,进而也减少了环境污染,并且二氧化硅中的硅元素被作物吸收后,在体内形成硅化细胞,茎叶表层细胞加厚,角质层增加,从而提高对病虫的抵抗能力,施硅后可以提高水稻对纹枯病、叶瘟、穗颈瘟、小粘菌核病、茎腐病、胡麻叶斑病、白粉病、稻曲病的抵抗能力。(The invention discloses a silicon dioxide soil improvement insecticidal fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the urea solution comprises mesoporous silica nanoparticles, urea, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia water, wherein the urea in the urea solution is wrapped in mesopores of the mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and the surfaces of the mesopores are plugged by the ammonium bicarbonate and the ammonia water. According to the invention, urea is encapsulated in the mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and the nanoscale particles are adopted, so that the absorption of crops to fertilizers can be effectively improved, the utilization rate is improved, the loss is reduced, and further the environmental pollution is reduced, and silicon elements in the silica are absorbed by the crops to form silicified cells in vivo, the surface cells of stems and leaves are thickened, and the cuticle is increased, so that the resistance to diseases and insects is improved, and the resistance of rice to banded sclerotial blight, leaf blast, panicle blast, microcosmic sclerotium disease, stem rot, flax leaf spot, powdery mildew and false smut can be improved after silicon application.)

1. A silica soil improvement insecticidal fertilizer characterized by comprising: the urea solution comprises mesoporous silica nanoparticles, urea, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia water, wherein the urea in the urea solution is wrapped in mesopores of the mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and the surfaces of the mesopores are plugged by the ammonium bicarbonate and the ammonia water.

2. The silica soil improvement insecticidal fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the mesoporous silica nanoparticles have a mesoporous pore size of 3.0 nm.

3. The silica soil improvement insecticidal fertilizer of claim 1, wherein said urea, upon release, upon mixing with ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia water, produces a pungent volatile gas.

4. The preparation method of the insecticidal fertilizer for improving the silicon dioxide soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step S1: adding 250mg of silicon dioxide nano particles into 10-50mg/mL of urea solution;

step S2: after ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 30min, the mixture is placed in a rotary blending instrument at room temperature for rotary reaction for 24h, so that urea enters mesopores through free diffusion for entrapment;

step S3: after the loading is finished, centrifuging for 10min by a centrifugal machine, and separating to obtain a first precipitate;

step S4: washing the precipitate for multiple times, and then carrying out freeze vacuum drying to obtain an intermediate product;

step S5: adding the intermediate product into 50mL of ammonium bicarbonate solution, and then adding 25mL of ammonia water;

step S6: dispersing for 30min by using ultrasonic waves, and placing the mixture in a rotary blending instrument at room temperature for rotary reaction for 24 h;

step S7: centrifuging to obtain a second precipitate, and vacuum freeze-drying the second precipitate.

5. The method for preparing a silica soil improvement insecticidal fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the centrifugal speed of the centrifuge is 9000 r/min.

6. The silica soil improvement insecticidal fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein in step S1, the concentration of the urea solution is 10mg/mL.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a silicon dioxide soil improvement insecticidal fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Modern agricultural production relies on chemical fertilizers and pesticides to a great extent to provide sufficient nutrients for crop growth, control various diseases and pests and remove weeds to ensure healthy production of crops, so that the yield of crops is guaranteed and improved.

However, the fertilization and the disinsection are carried out separately at present, which not only is expensive, but also increases the workload of farmers.

Therefore, the invention develops a fertilizer with an insecticidal function, which can meet the nutritional requirements of crops and can kill pests.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a silicon dioxide soil improvement insecticidal fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and aims to provide a fertilizer with two functions of a fertilizer and a pesticide, so that the cost and the workload of farmers are reduced.

The invention is realized by the following steps:

a silica soil improvement insecticidal fertilizer characterized by comprising: mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSNs), urea, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia water, wherein the urea in the urea solution is contained in the mesopores of the Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles, and the surface of the mesopores is blocked by the ammonium bicarbonate and the ammonia water.

Further, the mesoporous aperture of the mesoporous silica nanoparticle is 3.0 nm.

Further, when the urea is released outwards, the urea is mixed with ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia water to contact and generate irritant volatile gas.

The preparation method of the insecticidal fertilizer for improving the silicon dioxide soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step S1: adding 250mg of silicon dioxide nano particles into 10-50mg/mL of urea solution;

step S2: after ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 30min, the mixture is placed in a rotary blending instrument at room temperature for rotary reaction for 24h, so that urea enters mesopores through free diffusion for entrapment;

step S3: after the loading is finished, centrifuging for 10min by a centrifugal machine, and separating to obtain a first precipitate;

step S4: washing the precipitate for multiple times, and then carrying out freeze vacuum drying to obtain an intermediate product;

step S5: adding the intermediate product into 50mL of ammonium bicarbonate solution, and then adding 25mL of ammonia water;

step S6: dispersing for 30min by using ultrasonic waves, and placing the mixture in a rotary blending instrument at room temperature for rotary reaction for 24 h;

step S7: centrifuging to obtain a second precipitate, and vacuum freeze-drying the second precipitate.

Further, the centrifugal speed of the centrifugal machine is 9000 r/min.

Further, in step S1, the concentration of the urea solution is 10mg/mL.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. urea is encapsulated in the mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and the nanoscale particles are adopted, so that the fertilizer absorption of crops can be effectively improved, the utilization rate is improved, the loss is reduced, and the environmental pollution is further reduced.

2. After the silicon element in the silicon dioxide is absorbed by crops, silicified cells are formed in vivo, surface cells of stems and leaves are thickened, and the stratum corneum is increased, so that the resistance to diseases and insects is improved. Silicon has been shown to enhance the resistance to pests in mono-dicotyledonous plants. After silicon is applied, the resistance of the rice to banded sclerotial blight, leaf blast, neck blast, small slime core disease, stem rot, flax leaf spot, powdery mildew and false smut can be improved.

3. In the release process, the urea is mixed with ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia water to generate irritant volatile gas, has certain irritation, corrosion and fumigation effects on pests, and particularly has good control effect on weak pests.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.

FIG. 1 is a graph of experimental measurements of the loading rate and fertilizer loading rate with urea concentration for the examples of the present application.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

A silica soil improving pesticidal fertilizer comprising: the urea solution comprises mesoporous silica nanoparticles, urea, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia water, wherein the urea in the urea solution is wrapped in mesopores of the mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and the surfaces of the mesopores are plugged by the ammonium bicarbonate and the ammonia water.

In the embodiment of the application, the mesoporous silica nanoparticles have the advantages of uniform particle size distribution, good water dispersibility, ultra-high specific surface area, narrow pore size distribution, large pore volume and the like, and have good biocompatibility. Can be used as excellent carriers of various object molecules such as fluorescent molecules, chemotherapeutic drugs, DNA/siRNA, protein and the like, and is used for biomedical applications such as diagnosis, treatment and the like.

In the embodiment of the application, urea is encapsulated in the mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and the nanoscale particles are adopted, so that the fertilizer absorption of crops can be effectively improved, the utilization rate is improved, the loss is reduced, and the environmental pollution is further reduced. In addition, after silicon element in the silicon dioxide is absorbed by crops, silicified cells are formed in vivo, surface cells of stems and leaves are thickened, and the stratum corneum is increased, so that the resistance to diseases and insects is improved. Silicon has been shown to enhance the resistance to pests in mono-dicotyledonous plants. After silicon is applied, the resistance of the rice to banded sclerotial blight, leaf blast, neck blast, small slime core disease, stem rot, flax leaf spot, powdery mildew and false smut can be improved.

In addition, in the release process, the urea is mixed with ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia water to generate irritant volatile gas, has certain irritation, corrosion and fumigation effects on pests, and particularly has good control effect on weak pests.

Further, the mesoporous aperture of the mesoporous silica nanoparticle is 3.0 nm.

Further, when the urea is released outwards, the urea is mixed with ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia water to contact and generate irritant volatile gas.

The preparation method of the insecticidal fertilizer for improving the silicon dioxide soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step S1: adding 250mg of silicon dioxide nano particles into 10-500mg/mL of urea solution;

step S2: after ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 30min, the mixture is placed in a rotary blending instrument at room temperature for rotary reaction for 24h, so that urea enters mesopores through free diffusion for entrapment;

step S3: after the loading is finished, centrifuging for 10min by a centrifugal machine, and separating to obtain a first precipitate;

step S4: washing the precipitate for multiple times, and then carrying out freeze vacuum drying to obtain an intermediate product;

the steps are a loading process, and the plugging process is as follows:

step S5: adding the intermediate product into 50mL of ammonium bicarbonate solution, and then adding 25mL of ammonia water; plugging is carried out by utilizing ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia water, and the ammonium bicarbonate and the ammonia water are adsorbed on the surface of the mesoporous silica nano-particles.

Step S6: dispersing for 30min by using ultrasonic waves, and placing the mixture in a rotary blending instrument at room temperature for rotary reaction for 24 h;

step S7: centrifuging to obtain a second precipitate, and vacuum freeze-drying the second precipitate.

Further, the centrifugal speed of the centrifugal machine is 9000 r/min.

Further, in step S1, the concentration of the urea solution is 100 mg/mL.

In the embodiment of the application, as shown in figure 1, the fertilizer carrying rate of the MSNs is found to be increased rapidly when the concentration of the urea is increased from 10mg/mL to 100mg/mL through experimental measurement of the carrying rate, when the concentration of the urea solution is increased to 500mg/mL, the maximum fertilizer carrying rate of the MSNs is 86.70%, and the carrying amount of the urea is 1630.06 mg. It can also be seen from fig. 1 that the entrapment rate of MSNs to urea decreases with increasing urea concentration. When the concentration of the urea solution is 10mg/mL, the maximum entrapment rate of the MSNs is 69.15%, and the entrapped urea amount is 690.15mg. By integrating the results of the fertilizer loading rate and the entrapment rate of the MSNs to the urea, the optimum entrapment concentration of the nano-particles is selected as the urea concentration of 100mg/ml, the corresponding fertilizer loading rate and the entrapment rate are 58.84% and 35.75% respectively, and the entrapped urea amount is 357.52 mg.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.