Michelson interferometer measuring device and measuring method thereof
阅读说明：本技术 一种迈克尔逊干涉仪测量装置及其测量方法 (Michelson interferometer measuring device and measuring method thereof ) 是由 刘士旭 于 2020-06-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种迈克尔逊干涉仪测量装置及其测量方法,包括底座、试验台和数显卡尺,试验台通过支撑柱固定在底座的上表面上,底座的四个顶角处开设有螺纹槽孔,每个螺纹槽孔内均螺纹连接有调平螺钉,试验台的上表面开设有轨道安装槽,轨道安装槽内沿垂直于试验台前侧边的方向固定两平行轨道,两平行轨道上滑动跨接有滑动块,滑动块上固定有M2平面镜,试验台后部依次设置有分束镜、补偿镜和M1平面镜,M1平面镜与M2平面镜垂直设置,分束镜的后方通过支架设置观察屏,轨道安装槽内转动连接有丝杠,发明通过在丝杠上设置齿轮将M2平面镜移动转换为齿条移动,直接由固定在齿条上方的数显卡尺测得移动量,操作简单,齿轮传递准确,能够快速完成读数。(A measuring device of Michelson interferometer and a measuring method thereof comprise a base, a test bed and a digital caliper, wherein the test bed is fixed on the upper surface of the base through support columns, threaded slotted holes are formed at four top corners of the base, a leveling screw is in threaded connection with each threaded slotted hole, a track mounting groove is formed in the upper surface of the test bed, two parallel tracks are fixed in the track mounting groove along the direction vertical to the front side edge of the test bed, sliding blocks are in sliding cross connection with the two parallel tracks, an M2 plane mirror is fixed on each sliding block, a beam splitter, a compensating mirror and an M1 plane mirror are sequentially arranged at the rear part of the test bed, an M1 plane mirror is perpendicular to the M2 plane mirror, an observation screen is arranged at the rear part of the beam splitter through a support, a lead screw is rotatably connected in the track mounting groove, a gear is arranged on the lead screw to convert M2 movement into rack, the gear transmission is accurate, and the reading can be completed quickly.)
1. The measuring device of the Michelson interferometer is characterized by comprising a base (21), a test bed (1) and a digital caliper (19), wherein the test bed (1) is fixed on the upper surface of the base (21) through a support column (23), threaded slotted holes are formed in four top corners of the lower surface of the base (21), leveling screws (22) are connected into each threaded slotted hole in a threaded manner, a track mounting groove (8) is formed in the upper surface of the test bed (1), two parallel tracks (12) are fixed in the track mounting groove (8) along a direction perpendicular to the front side wall of the test bed (1), sliding blocks (10) are connected onto the two parallel tracks (12) in a sliding and crossing manner, M2 plane mirrors (11) are fixed on the sliding blocks (10), a beam splitter (2), a compensating mirror and an M1 plane mirror (7) are sequentially arranged at the rear part of the test bed (1), the M1 plane mirror (7) is perpendicular to the M2 (, the rear part of the beam splitter (2) is provided with an observation screen (3) through a bracket, a screw rod (9) is rotatably connected between the side walls connected with the two ends of the two parallel rails (12) in the rail mounting groove (8), one end of the screw rod (9) penetrates through the side wall of the rail mounting groove (8), and penetrates out of the front side wall of the test bed (1) and is connected with a gear (17) and an adjusting hand wheel (16) in sequence at the end head, the screw is sleeved on a lead screw (9) in a track mounting groove (8), the top of the screw is fixedly connected with the bottom of a sliding block (10), a rack mounting plate (13) is fixed below a gear (17) on the front side wall of a test bed (1), a rack sliding groove (14) is formed in the rack mounting plate (13), a rack (15) is connected in the rack sliding groove (14) in a sliding mode, the rack (15) is meshed with teeth of the bottom in a rotating mode through the gear (17), and a digital display caliper (19) for measuring the movement distance of the rack (15) is fixed on the front side wall of the test bed (1).
2. The michelson interferometer apparatus of claim 1, wherein the leveling screw (22) has a non-slip rubber pad secured to its bottom.
3. The michelson interferometer measuring device according to claim 1, wherein a caliper fixing plate (20) is fixed above the rack mounting plate (13) on the front side wall of the test bed (1), and a measuring head of a downward digital caliper (19) is fixed on the caliper fixing plate (20).
4. The michelson interferometer measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the movable measuring head (18) of the digital caliper (19) is attached to the right end of the rack (15).
5. The michelson interferometer apparatus of claim 1, wherein the diameter of the gear (17) is greater than the diameter of the adjusting hand wheel (16), the pitch of the gear (17) is 2 times the pitch of the screw (9), the distance traveled by the rack (15) is 2 times the distance traveled by the slider (10), and the screw (9) is a zero-clearance, 2mm lead, high precision ball screw.
6. The michelson interferometer apparatus of claim 1, wherein one surface of the beam splitter (2) is coated with a semi-emissive metal film.
7. The michelson interferometer apparatus of claim 1, wherein the compensator comprises a compensator a (4) and a compensator B (6), and the compensator a (4) and the compensator B (6) are fixed on the test bed (1) by the positioning shaft (5).
8. The michelson interferometer measurement device of claim 7, wherein the compensation mirror a (4) and the compensation mirror B (6) are disposed at an angle of 90 °, and the compensation mirror a (4) and the compensation mirror B (6) are disposed at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the M2 flat mirror (11).
9. A measurement method of a Michelson interferometer device is characterized by comprising the following measurement steps:
a. the monochromatic light source irradiates the beam splitter 2, the adjusting hand wheel 16 is screwed to enable the lead screw 9 to rotate, the sliding block 10 connected to the track 12 is driven to move, the M2 plane mirror 11 on the sliding block 10 generates displacement under the action of the lead screw 9 until interference fringes are called out, the gear 17 also rotates when the lead screw 9 rotates, the rack 15 meshed with the gear 17 generates displacement, and the displacement is directly measured by the digital caliper 19 to be S1;
b. the moving distance of the M2 flat mirror 11 is calculated, the number of teeth of the gear is n, and the moving distance of the M2 flat mirror is S1/2 n.
Technical Field
The invention relates to an interferometer, in particular to a Michelson interferometer measuring device and a measuring method thereof.
Background
The michelson interferometer is a precision instrument for measuring the small length and the change thereof by using the interference phenomenon of light, the measurement precision can reach half optical wavelength, and the principle of the michelson interferometer is that a beam of incident light is divided into two beams which are respectively reflected by corresponding plane mirrors, so that the two beams of light can interfere. The different optical paths of the two beams in interference can be realized by adjusting the length of the interference arm and changing the refractive index of the medium, so that different interference patterns can be formed. Since the interference fringes are the locus of the equal optical path difference points, it is necessary to determine a function of the position distribution of the optical path difference of the coherent light beam in order to analyze a pattern generated by some kind of interference. G2 is a semi-transparent and semi-reflective film plated on one side, G1 is a compensation plate, M1 and M2 are plane mirrors, M1 is fixed, M2 is connected with a precision wire so that the plane mirrors can move forwards and backwards, the minimum reading is 10-4mm, 10-5mm can be estimated, and the positions of the plane mirrors can be adjusted by a plurality of small screws behind M1 and M2. When M2 and M1' are strictly parallel, M2 moves, and the circular fringes appearing as equal tilt interference are continuously "spit" from the center or "swallow" toward the center. When the 'air gap' distance between the two plane mirrors is increased, the center can 'spit' stripes; otherwise, the Chinese character is swallowed. When M2 and M1' are not strictly parallel, the interference fringes are expressed as equal-thickness interference fringes, when M2 moves, the fringes continuously move over a certain mark position in a visual field, and the relation between the translation distance d of M2 and the movement number N of the fringes satisfies the following conditions: d is N λ/2, λ is the wavelength of the incident light.
Generally, the michelson interferometer is divided into two types, namely a lock type michelson interferometer and a lock-free type michelson interferometer, the corresponding relation between a hand wheel and a micro-motion drum wheel can be guaranteed, but the operation is complex and is difficult to master, and the experiment is often failed due to improper operation; according to the Michelson interferometer without the lock, a hand wheel and a micro drum wheel frame are in friction transmission, the hand wheel is roughly adjusted once, the micro drum wheel is not moved, the hand wheel and the micro drum wheel do not have a corresponding relation, and the hand wheel and the micro drum wheel are staggered, so that reading cannot be conducted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a Michelson interferometer measuring device and a measuring method thereof, which are low in measuring difficulty and convenient and fast to operate, and solve the problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a measuring device of a Michelson interferometer comprises a base, a test bed and a digital display caliper, wherein the test bed is fixed on the upper surface of the base through support columns, threaded slotted holes are formed in four top corners of the lower surface of the base, leveling screws are in threaded connection with each threaded slotted hole, a track mounting groove is formed in the upper surface of the test bed, two parallel tracks are fixed in the track mounting groove in the direction perpendicular to the front side edge of the test bed, sliding blocks are connected on the two parallel tracks in a sliding and bridging mode, an M2 plane mirror is fixed on each sliding block, a beam splitter, a compensating mirror and an M1 plane mirror are sequentially arranged at the rear part of the test bed, the M1 plane mirror is perpendicular to the M2 plane mirror, an observation screen is arranged behind the beam splitter through a support, a lead screw is rotatably connected between side walls connected with two ends of the two parallel tracks in the track mounting groove, one end of the lead screw penetrates through the side wall, the screw is sleeved on the lead screw in the track mounting groove, the top of the screw is fixedly connected with the bottom of the sliding block, a rack mounting plate is fixed below the gear on the side wall of the test bed, a rack sliding groove is formed in the rack mounting plate, a rack is connected in the rack sliding groove in a sliding mode, the rack is meshed with the gear to the bottom, and a digital display caliper for measuring the movement distance of the rack is fixed on the side wall of the test bed.
And an anti-skid rubber pad is fixed at the bottom of the leveling screw.
The top of rack mounting panel on the lateral wall before the test bench be fixed with the slide caliper rule fixed plate, fixed measuring head digital display slide caliper rule down on the slide caliper rule fixed plate.
The movable measuring head of the digital caliper is attached to the right end head of the rack.
The diameter of the gear is larger than that of the adjusting hand wheel, the pitch of the gear is 2 times that of the lead screw, the moving distance of the rack is 2 times that of the sliding block, and the lead screw is a high-precision ball screw with a lead of 2mm and a zero clearance.
One surface of the beam splitter is plated with a semi-emitting metal film.
The compensating mirror comprises a compensating mirror A and a compensating mirror B, and the compensating mirror A and the compensating mirror B are fixed on the test bed through a positioning shaft.
The compensating mirror A and the compensating mirror B are arranged at an angle of 90 degrees, and the compensating mirror A and the compensating mirror B are arranged at an angle of 45 degrees with the M2 plane mirror.
A measurement method of a Michelson interferometer comprises the following steps:
a. a monochromatic light source irradiates a beam splitter, an adjusting hand wheel is screwed to enable a lead screw to rotate, a sliding block connected on a track is driven to move, an M2 plane mirror on the sliding block generates displacement under the action of the lead screw until interference fringes are called out, a gear also rotates while the lead screw rotates, a rack meshed with the gear generates displacement, and the displacement is directly measured by a digital display caliper to be S1;
b. and (4) calculating the moving distance of the M2 plane mirror, wherein the number of teeth of the gear is n, and the moving distance of the M2 plane mirror is S1/2.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the gear is arranged on the screw rod to convert the movement of the M2 plane mirror into the movement of the rack, and the movement amount is directly measured by the digital display caliper fixed above the rack, so that the operation is simple, the gear transmission is accurate, and the reading can be rapidly completed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of the structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the structure of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-test bed; 2-a beam splitter; 3-a viewing screen; 4-a compensation mirror A; 5-positioning the shaft; 6-a compensation mirror B; 7-M1 plane mirror; 8-a track mounting groove; 9-a lead screw; 10-a slider; 11-M2 flat mirror; 12-a track; 13-a rack mounting plate; 14-a rack runner; 15-a rack; 16-adjusting the hand wheel; 17-a gear; 18-a movable measuring head; 19-digital display caliper; 20-caliper fixing plate; 21-a base; 22-leveling screws; 23-support column.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
A measuring device of a Michelson interferometer comprises a base 21, a
The bottom of the leveling screw 22 is fixed with an anti-skid rubber pad.
A
And a movable
The diameter of the
One surface of the
The compensation mirror comprises a compensation mirror A4 and a compensation mirror B6, and the compensation mirror A4 and the compensation mirror B6 are fixed on the
The compensating mirror A4 and the compensating mirror B6 are arranged at an angle of 90 degrees, and the compensating mirror A4 and the compensating mirror B6 are arranged at an angle of 45 degrees with the M2
The working principle is as follows: the process that lead
A measurement method of a Michelson interferometer comprises the following steps:
a. the monochromatic light source irradiates the
b. the moving distance of the M2
- 上一篇：一种医用注射器针头装配设备
- 下一篇：光扫描装置、显示系统以及移动体