Top-emitting organic EL element and method for manufacturing top-emitting organic EL element
阅读说明:本技术 顶发射有机el元件及用于制造顶发射有机el元件的方法 (Top-emitting organic EL element and method for manufacturing top-emitting organic EL element ) 是由 石仓淳理 越智法彦 柴田尚存 诸桥将之 佐佐木茂树 于 2018-11-16 设计创作,主要内容包括:一种顶发射有机EL元件,该顶发射有机EL元件在基板(1)上包括具有孔部(23)的绝缘层(3)、下电极(5)、发光层(6)、围绕下电极(5)和发光层(6)的堤(4)以及上透明电极(8)。该顶发射有机EL元件被配置成使得:堤(4)布置在绝缘层(3)上以便围绕孔部(23);下电极(5)覆盖孔部(23)的内侧和绝缘层(3)的未布置堤(4)的上表面;以及下电极(5)的各个部分的厚度(L1,L2,L3)为100nm或更大。(A top-emission organic EL element includes, on a substrate (1), an insulating layer (3) having an aperture (23), a lower electrode (5), a light-emitting layer (6), a bank (4) surrounding the lower electrode (5) and the light-emitting layer (6), and an upper transparent electrode (8). The top-emitting organic EL element is configured such that: a bank (4) arranged on the insulating layer (3) so as to surround the hole section (23); the lower electrode (5) covers the inner side of the hole part (23) and the upper surface of the insulating layer (3) where the dike (4) is not arranged; and the thickness (L1, L2, L3) of each portion of the lower electrode (5) is 100nm or more.)
1. A top-emission organic EL element comprising:
an insulating layer including a hole portion;
a lower electrode;
a light emitting layer;
a bank surrounding the lower electrode and the light emitting layer; and
an upper transparent electrode is arranged on the substrate,
wherein the insulating layer, the lower electrode, the light emitting layer, the bank, and the upper transparent electrode are disposed over the substrate,
the bank is disposed on the insulating layer so as to surround the hole portion,
the lower electrode is configured to cover an inner side of the hole portion and an area of the upper surface of the insulating layer where the bank is not disposed, and
the thickness at the central region of the lower electrode is 150nm or more.
2. A top-emission organic EL element comprising:
a lower electrode;
a light emitting layer;
a bank surrounding the lower electrode and the light emitting layer; and
an upper transparent electrode is arranged on the substrate,
wherein the lower electrode, the light emitting layer, the bank, and the upper transparent electrode are disposed over the substrate,
the thickness of the lower electrode is decreased once in a region from a boundary portion with the bank to the central region and then increased.
3. A top-emission organic EL element comprising:
a lower electrode;
a light emitting layer;
a bank surrounding the lower electrode and the light emitting layer; and
an upper transparent electrode is arranged on the substrate,
wherein the lower electrode, the light emitting layer, the bank, and the upper transparent electrode are disposed over the substrate, an
The lower surface of the lower electrode is arranged to be closer to the substrate at a central region than at a boundary portion with the bank.
4. The top-emitting organic EL element according to claim 2 or 3,
wherein the insulating layer with the hole part is arranged above the substrate,
the bank is disposed on the insulating layer so as to surround the hole portion, an
The lower electrode covers the inner side of the hole portion and an area of the upper surface of the insulating layer where the bank is not disposed.
5. The top-emitting organic EL element according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein if a thickness of the lower electrode at a boundary with the bank is set to L3 and a thickness at the central region is set to L1, then L1/L3 is 0.75 or higher.
6. The top-emission organic EL element according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the lower electrode is electrically connected to a transistor.
7. The top-emitting organic EL element according to claim 5, wherein the insulating layer is configured to cover the transistor.
8. The top-emitting organic EL element according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein an intermediate layer is provided between the lower electrode and the upper transparent electrode in addition to the light-emitting layer.
9. The top-emitting organic EL element according to claim 8, wherein the intermediate layer comprises a hole injection layer disposed between the light-emitting layer and the upper transparent electrode.
10. A top-emitting organic EL device comprising a plurality of top-emitting organic EL elements, each of which is the top-emitting organic EL element according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein upper transparent electrodes of the plurality of top-emitting organic EL elements are electrically connected to each other.
11. The top-emitting organic EL device of claim 10, wherein each of the plurality of top-emitting organic EL elements emits a different emission color.
12. A method of manufacturing a top-emission organic EL element, comprising:
a step of providing an insulating layer including a hole portion over a substrate;
a step of forming a bank surrounding the hole portion on the insulating layer;
a lower electrode material applying step of applying a solution containing a material of a lower electrode to a region above the substrate surrounded by the bank;
a light emitting material application step of applying a solution containing a material of the light emitting layer to a region above the substrate surrounded by the banks after the lower electrode material application step; and
an upper transparent electrode forming step of forming an upper transparent electrode after the light emitting material applying step.
13. The method of manufacturing a top-emission organic EL element according to claim 12, wherein the lower electrode material applying step is a step of applying a solution containing a material of the lower electrode to the hole portions and an upper surface of a region of the insulating layer where the bank is not arranged.
14. The method of manufacturing a top-emission organic EL element as claimed in claim 12, wherein the lower electrode material applying step forms the lower electrode, and a thickness of the lower electrode is decreased once and then increased in a region from a boundary portion of the lower electrode and the bank toward the central region.
15. The method of manufacturing a top-emission organic EL element according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the lower electrode is formed such that an upper surface is bent upward toward a boundary portion with the bank, an area of the upper surface above the hole portion is set as a bottom, and a distance of the lower surface from the substrate is smaller at the bottom of the hole portion than at the boundary portion with the bank.
16. The method for manufacturing a top-emission organic EL element according to any one of claims 12 to 15, further comprising an intermediate layer material application step of applying a solution containing a material of an intermediate layer between the lower electrode material application step and the upper transparent electrode formation step.
17. The method of manufacturing a top-emission organic EL element as claimed in claim 16, wherein the intermediate layer material applying step includes a hole injection layer forming step performed after the light-emitting material applying step.
18. The method of manufacturing a top-emission organic EL element according to any one of claims 12 to 17, wherein the step of providing the insulating layer including the hole portion is a step of providing an insulating layer covering a driving transistor formed on the substrate.
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a top-emission organic EL element and a method for manufacturing the same. In particular, the present invention relates to a top emission organic EL element including a lower electrode capable of enhancing light extraction efficiency and a method of manufacturing the same.
Background
An organic EL element is an element in which a light-emitting layer is formed of a low-molecular organic compound or a high-molecular organic compound having an EL light-emitting capability, and is actively researched and developed because it has excellent characteristics as a display element such as a wide viewing angle and excellent impact resistance due to its spontaneous light-emitting property.
As a method for manufacturing an organic EL device, a vacuum deposition method, an ink jet method, a printing method, a dispensing method, and the like have been widely studied. First, coating techniques such as an inkjet method and a dispensing method are expected to be suitable for mass production because the system can be downsized and has superior material utilization efficiency as compared with that of a vacuum deposition method. In general, in order to manufacture an organic EL element, it is necessary to stack many layers such as an electrode, a light emitting layer, an intermediate layer, and the like, and it may be desirable to manufacture as many layers by a liquid phase coating technique in order to enhance mass productivity. For example,
Although the organic EL element can be classified into a top emission type element in which light is extracted above the laminated film and a bottom emission type element in which light is extracted through the substrate, in the top emission type organic EL element, the lower electrode on the substrate side is required to have a high light reflectance in order to enhance light extraction efficiency.
In the case of manufacturing a lower electrode on the substrate side by a liquid phase coating technique, a region surrounded by banks (banks) is first formed on the substrate. Then, for example, a solution in which nanoparticles of copper and/or silver are dispersed is coated on the region surrounded by the bank using an inkjet method, and then, the coating is baked at high temperature.
CITATION LIST
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese patent application laid-open No. H11-329741
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem
Although the liquid level is flat or the central region thereof is raised immediately after the solution in which the nanoparticles of copper and/or silver are dispersed is coated in the region surrounded by the bank, a flow advancing from the central region toward the edge portion is generated during the process in which drying is performed. The nanoparticles in the solution move toward the edge portion along with the flow, so that the edge portion of the electrode film is raised while having highly dense nanoparticles, and the center region of the electrode film is thin while having a low packing density of nanoparticles. In addition, in addition to the influence of the flow during drying, the shape of the formed film or the packing density of the particles is also influenced by the contact angle of the ink in which the nanoparticles are dispersed to the surface of the bank. In the case where the surface of the bank has high affinity with the ink, the solution is easily attracted to the bank, and the flow advancing toward the edge portion is further enhanced. As a result, the central region of the membrane tends to have a low packing density of nanoparticles and a smaller thickness. Even if the film is subsequently baked, the film quality of the lower electrode reflects the condition during drying, and the central region will have a lower density and a smaller thickness than the peripheral portion.
In the top emission type element, if the density of the central region of the lower electrode on the substrate side is low and thin, the light reflection efficiency of this portion becomes low and the light extraction efficiency as a light emitting element deteriorates.
There is a need for a simple technique to manufacture a top-emission organic EL element having high light extraction efficiency while ensuring sufficient density and thickness of the lower electrode even in the vicinity of the central region of the region surrounded by the bank.
Solution to the problem
A first aspect of the present invention is a top-emission organic EL element including an insulating layer having an aperture portion, a lower electrode, a light-emitting layer, a bank surrounding the lower electrode and the light-emitting layer, and an upper transparent electrode, wherein the insulating layer, the lower electrode, the light-emitting layer, the bank, and the upper transparent electrode are disposed over a substrate. The bank is disposed on the insulating layer so as to surround the hole portion. The lower electrode is configured to cover an inner side of the hole portion and an area of the upper surface of the insulating layer where the bank is not arranged, and a thickness at a central area of the lower electrode is 150nm or more.
A second aspect of the present invention is a top-emission organic EL element including a lower electrode, a light-emitting layer, a bank surrounding the lower electrode and the light-emitting layer, and an upper transparent electrode, wherein the lower electrode, the light-emitting layer, the bank, and the upper transparent electrode are disposed over a substrate. The thickness of the lower electrode is decreased once in a region from a boundary with the bank toward the central region and then increased.
A third aspect of the present invention is a top-emission organic EL element including a lower electrode, a light-emitting layer, a bank surrounding the lower electrode and the light-emitting layer, and an upper transparent electrode, wherein the lower electrode, the light-emitting layer, the bank, and the upper transparent electrode are disposed over a substrate. The lower surface of the lower electrode is arranged to be closer to the substrate at a central region than at a boundary portion with the bank.
A fourth aspect of the present invention is a method of manufacturing a top-emission organic EL element including a step of providing an insulating layer including a hole portion over a substrate, a step of forming a bank surrounding the hole portion on the insulating layer, a lower electrode material application step of applying a solution containing a material of a lower electrode to a region over the substrate surrounded by the bank, a light-emitting material application step of applying a solution containing a material of a light-emitting layer to a region over the substrate surrounded by the bank after the lower electrode material application step, and an upper transparent electrode formation step of forming an upper transparent electrode after the light-emitting material application step.
Advantageous effects of the invention
According to the present invention, a top-emission organic EL element having high light extraction efficiency can be easily manufactured while ensuring sufficient density and thickness of a lower electrode even at the central region of the region surrounded by the bank.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be disclosed by the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is noted that in the drawings, the same or similar elements are denoted by the same reference numerals.
Drawings
Fig. 1A is a schematic sectional view showing the configuration of an organic EL element of the first embodiment.
Fig. 1B is a schematic sectional view showing the lower electrode of the first embodiment.
Fig. 2A is a perspective view of the entire organic EL device of the first embodiment.
Fig. 2B is an example of a pixel circuit that drives an organic EL element.
Fig. 3A is a schematic diagram showing the manufacturing steps of the organic EL element of the first embodiment.
Fig. 3B is a schematic diagram showing the manufacturing steps of the organic EL element of the first embodiment.
Fig. 3C is a schematic diagram showing the manufacturing steps of the organic EL element of the first embodiment.
Fig. 3D is a schematic diagram showing the manufacturing steps of the organic EL element of the first embodiment.
Fig. 3E is a schematic diagram showing the manufacturing steps of the organic EL element of the first embodiment.
Fig. 3F is a schematic diagram showing the manufacturing steps of the organic EL element of the first embodiment.
Fig. 3G is a schematic diagram showing the manufacturing steps of the organic EL element of the first embodiment.
Fig. 4A is a schematic diagram showing the manufacturing steps of the organic EL element of the first embodiment.
Fig. 4B is a schematic diagram showing the manufacturing steps of the organic EL element of the first embodiment.
Fig. 4C is a schematic diagram showing the manufacturing steps of the organic EL element of the first embodiment.
Fig. 4D is a schematic diagram showing the manufacturing steps of the organic EL element of the first embodiment.
Fig. 5A is a schematic sectional view showing the configuration of an organic EL element of the second embodiment.
Fig. 5B is a schematic sectional view showing the lower electrode of the second embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a schematic sectional view showing a lower electrode of a comparative example.
Detailed Description
First embodiment
Now, a top-emitting organic EL element, an organic EL device including a plurality of top-emitting organic EL elements, and a method of manufacturing the same according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings.
Configuration of organic EL device
Fig. 2A is an overall perspective view showing a display device as an example of an organic EL device according to the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 2A, a plurality of
The light emission state of each organic EL element is controlled by a pixel circuit provided corresponding to each organic EL element. An example of a pixel circuit is shown in fig. 2B. The pixel circuit includes a control line 11 for transmitting a control signal, a data line 12 for transmitting a data signal, a power supply line 17 through which a power supply voltage is supplied, two transistors 13 and 14, and a capacitor 16. A control signal entered through a not-shown terminal of the organic EL device is transmitted to the control line 11, and a data signal entered therethrough is transmitted to the data line 12. The transistor 13 is a switching transistor for holding a voltage corresponding to a data signal in the capacitor 16. The transistor 14 is a driving transistor electrically connected to the
If the first
Arrangement of organic EL elements
Fig. 1A is a schematic sectional view showing the configuration of an organic EL element according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
In fig. 1A,
In the case where the
The
The
The first insulating
The second
The
The
The light-emitting layer 6 may be made of any material as long as it has EL light-emitting capability, and may include a fluorescent organic compound or a phosphorescent organic compound corresponding to a desired emission color. The light-emitting layer 6 may also include a plurality of materials such as a guest material and a host material. The light emitting material includes a high molecular material, a middle molecular material, or a low molecular material, and is not particularly limited as long as the light emitting material can be used as a coating type material. For example, a high molecular material such as polyfluorene, a copolymer of polyfluorene, and polystyrene, or a medium molecular material such as oligofluorene may be used. In addition, low-molecular materials such as condensed polycyclic compounds, for example, fluorenyl, phenylene, fluoranthenyl, and anthracenyl condensed polycyclic compounds, and iridium-containing metal complexes may be used.
The hole injection layer 7 is a layer for injecting holes into the light emitting layer 6, and any material may be used for the hole injection layer 7 as long as the material has a hole injection property, and PEDOT: PSS which is widely used for a coating type organic EL element may be used, but the material is not particularly limited to PEDOT: PSS.
The upper transparent electrode 8 is the other electrode of the organic EL element, and is composed of a conductive material having optical transparency such as a metal oxide. Generally, the upper transparent electrode 8 supplies holes and serves as a light extraction window. The upper transparent electrode 8 is connected to a drive circuit in a region not shown. The upper transparent electrode is formed by vacuum deposition such as sputtering or by coating.
Although the light-emitting layer 6 and the hole injection layer 7 are provided as functional layers between the upper transparent electrode 8 and the
Next, the features of the lower electrode of the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1B. For convenience, fig. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing only a part of the
In a state where the thickness of the
In the case where the central region is set as the bottom, the upper surface of the
In addition, the thickness L1 at the central region of the
According to a typical example of the present embodiment, L1 is 150nm to 250nm, L2 is 100nm and L3 is 200nm, and the thickness at the central region of the lower electrode is 150nm or more, the thickness at each region of the lower electrode is 100nm or more, and there is almost no difference in the packing density of the metal material between the central region and the peripheral region of the lower electrode.
In the conventional lower electrode, the thickness at the central region tends to be small as compared with the thickness in the peripheral region or the vicinity of the bank, and the packing density of the metal material at the central region tends to deteriorate. In contrast, the
Manufacturing method
Next, a manufacturing method of the
First, the
Next, as shown in fig. 3B, the first insulating
Next, as shown in fig. 3C,
Thereafter, as illustrated in fig. 3D, the second insulating
Next, as shown in fig. 3E, the insulating
Next, as shown in fig. 3F,
Thereafter, as shown in fig. 3G, the
Next, as shown in fig. 4A, a
Next, as shown in fig. 4C, a
In order to form the light-emitting layer, a solution containing a fluorescent organic compound or a phosphorescent organic compound corresponding to a desired emission color is applied (light-emitting material application step). The light-emitting layer may also contain multiple materials such as guest materials and host materials. The light emitting material contained in the solution includes a high molecular material, a medium molecular material, or a low molecular material, and is not particularly limited as long as the light emitting material can be used as a coating-type material. For example, the light emitting material may be a high molecular material such as polyfluorene, a copolymer of polyfluorene, or polystyrene, or an intermediate molecular material of oligofluorene. In addition, the light emitting material may be a low molecular material such as, for example, a condensed polycyclic compound of fluorenyl group, phenylene group, fluoranthenyl group, and anthracenyl group compound, and a metal complex including iridium.
For example, in order to form a red light emitting layer, a red light emitting layer coating solution including a red phosphorescent-emitting iridium metal complex as a guest material and polyfluorene as a host material is used. In addition, in order to form a green light emitting layer, a green light emitting layer coating solution containing a condensed polycyclic compound of a fluoranthene group as a guest material and polyfluorene as a host material is used. In addition, in order to form a blue light emitting layer, a blue light emitting layer coating solution including a condensed polycyclic compound containing phenylene as a guest material and oligofluorene as a host material is used.
To form the hole injection layer, for example, PEDOT/PSS solution as a hole injection material is applied (hole injection layer forming step).
After the formation of the functional layers is completed in this manner, a transparent conductive film 35 is coated by a sputtering process to cover the functional layer 34 and the
The
According to the present embodiment, as a result of providing the hole portion on the second insulating layer, particles of the electrode material around the central region will not be easily attracted to the peripheral region when the organic EL element is manufactured. This arrangement makes it possible to sufficiently secure the density and thickness at the central region of the lower electrode and easily manufacture a top-emission organic EL element having high light extraction efficiency.
Second embodiment
Now, a top-emission organic EL element and a manufacturing method thereof according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings.
Structure of organic EL element
Fig. 5A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the configuration of an organic EL element according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure, which can be used as a pixel section of a display panel or a light emitting section of an illumination light source.
In fig. 5A, reference numeral 400 denotes an organic EL element, 40 denotes a TFT, 41 denotes a substrate, 42 denotes an insulating layer, 43 denotes a hole portion formed on the insulating layer 42, 44 denotes a bank, 45 denotes a lower electrode, 46 denotes a light-emitting layer, 47 denotes a hole injection layer, and 48 denotes an upper transparent electrode. In addition, 49 denotes a connector electrode electrically connecting the TFT40 and the lower electrode 45.
In the case where the organic EL element 400 according to the present embodiment is used as a pixel of a display panel or an element of a surface light source (these will be collectively referred to as "pixel" in the following description), a plurality of organic EL elements 400 are arranged one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally. In this case, the banks 44 may be formed in a stripe or lattice pattern corresponding to the array such that the banks 44 serve as walls separating the pixels. In addition, the upper transparent electrode 48 of each pixel may be used as a common electrode by electrically connecting the upper transparent electrodes 48 of each pixel and forming them as an integrated film.
The organic EL element 400 is provided with a sealing structure, not shown, to protect the element from external factors such as moisture and impact. A sealing structure in which a material having low moisture permeability such as glass is bonded using an adhesive such as a UV curable resin and glass frit may be used. In addition, a sealing structure in which the organic EL element 400 is covered with an inorganic film having low moisture permeability such as SiN and SiO and a laminated film of a resin film and an inorganic film having low moisture permeability may also be used. Since the present embodiment employs a top emission structure, materials having high light transmittance such as glass and SiN are preferably used.
The substrate 41 is a substrate of the organic EL element 400, and is composed of an inorganic material such as glass or an organic material such as resin. The substrate 41 is generally a plate-like member, but its shape is not limited as long as it serves as a substrate, and it may be a deformable film, for example.
The TFT40 is a thin film transistor that applies a voltage to the lower electrode 45 to drive a pixel.
The insulating layer 42 is an insulating layer covering the TFT40 and a part of the connector electrode 49, and the upper surface thereof is planarized. A hole portion 43 is formed at a central region of the insulating layer 42, and a bank 44 is formed on the insulating layer 42 to surround the hole portion 43.
The lower electrode 45 is one of two poles of the organic EL element, and is formed by applying a solution in which nanoparticles of silver and/or copper are dispersed to a region surrounded by the bank, and then baking at a high temperature. The lower electrode 45 generally functions as an electron injection layer, and also functions as a mirror for enhancing light extraction efficiency by reflecting light advancing toward the substrate 41 among light emitted from the light emitting layer 46. The lower electrode 45 is connected to the connector electrode 49 at the bottom of the hole portion 43. Details of the lower electrode 45 will be described later.
The bank 44, the light emitting layer 46, the hole injection layer 47, and the upper transparent electrode 48 are similar to those of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted. The description of the variation of the functional layers between the lower electrode and the upper transparent electrode is similar to that of the first embodiment, and thus they are omitted.
Next, the features of the lower electrode of the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 5B. For convenience, fig. 5B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing only a portion provided on the substrate of the organic EL element 400. The lower electrode 45 of the present embodiment has a cross-sectional shape in which a portion entering the hole portion 43 of the insulating layer 42 is set to be a bottom portion. The lower electrode 45 covers the inside of the hole portion 43 and the upper surface of the insulating layer 42 where the bank 44 is not disposed.
In a state where the thickness of the lower electrode 45 is set to L4 at the center region, L5 between the center region and the bank 44, and L6 at the boundary with the bank 44, L4> L5 and L6> L5 are realized. That is, the thickness of the lower electrode 45 decreases once from the boundary with the bank 44 toward the central region, and then increases again.
In the case where the central region is set as the bottom, the upper surface of the lower electrode 45 is bent upward toward the boundary with the bank 44. The distance between the substrate 41 and the lower surface of the lower electrode 45 is smaller at the central region than at the boundary with the bank 44.
In addition, the thickness L4 at the central region of the lower electrode 45 is 0.75 or higher, and preferably 1.0 or higher, more preferably 1.2 or higher, with respect to the thickness L6 or L4/L6 at the boundary with the bank 44.
According to a typical example of the present embodiment, L4 is 150nm to 250nm, L5 is 100nm and L6 is 200nm, and the thickness at the central region of the lower electrode is 150nm or more, the thickness at each region of the lower electrode is 100nm or more, and there is almost no difference in the packing density of the metal material between the central region and the peripheral region of the lower electrode.
In the conventional lower electrode, the thickness at the central region tends to be small as compared with the peripheral region or the vicinity of the bank, and the packing density of the metal material tends to deteriorate. In contrast, the lower electrode 45 of the present embodiment has a sufficient thickness at the central region with respect to the peripheral region, and the packing density of the metal material at the central region is ensured to be either equal to or greater than that of the peripheral region. Therefore, uniformity of light reflectance is enhanced within the pixel, and the effective value of light extraction efficiency of the organic EL element is increased. The bulk density of the above metal material can be obtained by observing a cross section of the lower electrode using an SEM image or an STM image and by measuring an area ratio of the metal to the voids contained therein. In addition, the light reflectance of the lower electrode can be obtained by perpendicularly inputting light having the same light emission wavelength as the light emitting layer to the electrode surface in a state where the functional layer and the upper transparent electrode are removed and measuring the reflected light.
Manufacturing method
The manufacturing method of the organic EL element 400 according to the present embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment in that the TFT40 serving as the driving transistor and the connector electrode 49 are provided on the substrate 41 in advance, and the insulating layer 42 having the hole portion 43 is formed so as to cover the surface. The method of manufacturing the insulating layer 42 of the present embodiment is substantially the same as the method of manufacturing the second insulating
According to the present embodiment, as a result of providing the holes on the insulating layer 42, particles of the electrode material around the central region are bound in the holes and are not easily attracted to the peripheral region during manufacturing. This arrangement enables sufficient density and thickness of the lower electrode at the central region to be achieved, and a top-emission organic EL element having high light extraction efficiency is easily manufactured.
First example
A specific example of the lower electrode of the first embodiment will be described. The size of the opening of the
The thickness of each portion of the lower electrode was 200nm at L1, 100nm at L2, and 200nm at L3. That is, the thickness at the central region of the lower electrode was 200nm, and the thickness at each portion was 100nm or more. In addition, the packing density of the electrode material at the central region and the peripheral region of the lower electrode were both 80% and equal to the entire material.
When the reflectance was measured by inputting a light beam having the same emission wavelength as the light-emitting layer perpendicularly to the electrode surface, the reflectance at the central region and the peripheral region of the example was 90% based on the reflectance of the flat surface of the entire material.
Second example
A specific example of the lower electrode according to the second embodiment will be described. As shown in fig. 4B, an insulating layer having a contact hole electrically connected to the TFT40 disposed therein is formed at a central region surrounded by the bank 44. An insulating layer is formed on the glass substrate on which the TFTs 40 and the connector electrodes 49 have been formed, and a hole portion 43 is formed at the central region by photolithography. The opening size of the hole portion 43 is 1/10 of the size of the element area, and the depth of the contact hole is 200nm, which is equal to the thickness of the insulating layer 42. An ink-repellent treatment is performed on the side surface of the bank 44 so that it has a contact angle of 60 ° to 70 ° with respect to an ink (NAG series, manufactured by gay chemical ltd) in which silver nanoparticles are dispersed. An ink (NAG series) in which silver nanoparticles are dispersed, having undecane as a main solvent, an average particle diameter of 10nm, and a solid fraction of 50 wt%, is coated on the above-described substrate by an inkjet method to fill the inside of the contact hole and thereby form the lower electrode 45. The first droplet of 1pl is filled in the hole portion 43 at the central region, and then nine droplets of 1pl are coated in the region surrounded by the bank, and then dried and baked.
The thickness of each portion of the lower electrode was 200nm at L4, 100nm at L5, and 200nm at L6. That is, the thickness at the central region of the lower electrode was 200nm, and the thickness at each portion was 100nm or more. In addition, the packing density of the electrode material at the central region and the peripheral region of the lower electrode were both 80% and equal to the entire material.
When the reflectance was measured by inputting a light beam having the same emission wavelength as the light-emitting layer perpendicularly to the electrode surface, the reflectance at the central region and the peripheral region of the example was 90% based on the reflectance of the flat surface of the entire material.
First comparative example
As shown in fig. 6, the lower electrode 55 is formed on an insulating layer having a flat upper surface and having no hole portion formed therein. The structure has a planarization layer 53 and a bank 54 provided on a glass substrate, and an ink-repellent treatment is performed on a side surface of the bank 54 so that it has a contact angle of 60 ° to 70 ° with respect to an ink in which silver nanoparticles are dispersed. For comparison with other examples, the present comparative example does not have a hole portion provided on the planarization layer 53 of the region surrounded by the bank 54. Similar to the first and second examples, the silver nanoparticle-dispersed ink (NAG series, large research chemical limited) having undecane as a main solvent, an average particle diameter of 10nm, and a solid fraction of 50 wt% was coated with a total of 10 droplets of 1pl, and then dried and baked to form the lower electrode 55.
The thickness of each portion of the lower electrode was 50nm at L7, 100nm at L8, and 400nm at L9. That is, the thickness at the central region of the lower electrode was 50nm, and the minimum thickness at each portion was 50 nm. In addition, the packing density of the electrode material at the peripheral region of the lower electrode was 80% of the entire material, while the packing density at the central region thereof was only 30%.
When the reflectance was measured by perpendicularly inputting a light beam having the same emission wavelength as the light-emitting layer to the electrode surface, the reflectance at the peripheral region of the comparative example was 90%, while the reflectance at the central region of the comparative example was only 50%, based on the reflectance of the flat surface of the entire material.
Results of examples and comparative examples
As described above, it can be seen that, in the lower electrodes of the first and second examples, the difference between the film thickness of the central region and the film thickness of the peripheral region is small, and the difference between the packing density of the central region and the packing density of the peripheral region is small, as compared with the comparative examples. Therefore, the lower electrodes of the first and second examples exhibit high reflectance not only at the peripheral region but also at the central region. When the functional layer and the upper transparent electrode were formed on the lower electrodes of the examples and comparative examples to form the organic EL element, it was confirmed that the elements of both examples achieved high luminance with less input power as compared with the elements of the comparative examples.
OTHER EMBODIMENTS
The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the first embodiment and the second embodiment described above, and may be modified or combined as appropriate.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
For example, the present disclosure can be desirably implemented in the field of top-emission organic EL elements used as display devices.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and may be changed and modified in various ways within the concept and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the appended claims are included to disclose the scope of the invention.
List of reference numerals
1: substrate
2: a first insulating layer
3: a second insulating layer
4: dyke
5: lower electrode
6: luminescent layer
7: hole injection layer
8: upper transparent electrode
23: hole part
40:TFT
41: substrate
42: insulating layer
43: hole part
44: dyke
45: lower electrode
46: luminescent layer
47: hole injection layer
48: upper transparent electrode
100: organic EL element
400: organic EL element
L1: thickness of central region of lower electrode
L3: thickness of peripheral region of lower electrode
L4: thickness of central region of lower electrode
L6: thickness of peripheral region of lower electrode
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