阅读说明：本技术 螺柱和具有螺柱的车辆充气轮胎 (Stud and pneumatic vehicle tire with stud ) 是由 简·施利滕哈德 迈克·考特 托本·施佩希特迈尔 于 2019-01-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种螺柱(1,1’),其具有螺柱本体(2,2’),该螺柱本体由非金属、弹性材料、尤其是橡胶材料构成,且该螺柱本体包括基底凸缘(6,6’)；并且该螺柱具有螺柱销(3,3’),该螺柱销由硬质金属构成并且锚固在插入件(4,4’)中,该插入件位于该螺柱本体内并且包括基底部(4a,4’a),并且该螺柱销通过端部部分突出超过该螺柱本体,其中,该基底部(4a,4’a)与由该螺柱本体的材料构成的包络层(5,5’)一起形成该螺柱本体的基底凸缘(6,6’),并且其中,该基底凸缘具有外轮廓,该外轮廓相对于至少一个对称平面(S<Sub>i</Sub>,S<Sub>2</Sub>)对称地设计并且具有两个纵向侧和两个窄侧。该基底部的外轮廓在几何学上与该基底凸缘的外轮廓不同,使得该包络层(5,5’)在该基底部的被指配给纵向侧和/或窄侧的一侧处具有至少一个部分,在该至少一个部分中所述包络层比在该基底部的相反侧处更厚。(The invention relates to a stud (1, 1') having a stud body (2, 2') which consists of a non-metallic, elastic material, in particular a rubber material, and which comprises a base flange (6, 6 '); and the stud has a stud pin (3, 3') which consists of hard metal and is anchored in an insert (4, 4'), which is located within the stud body and comprises a base part (4a, 4'a) and which protrudes with an end part beyond the stud body, wherein the base part (4a, 4' a) forms, together with an envelope layer (5, 5') consisting of the material of the stud body, a base flange (6, 6') of the stud body, and wherein the base flange has an outer contour which is oriented relative to at least one plane of symmetry (S) i ，S 2 ) Symmetrically designed and having two longitudinal axesLateral and two narrow sides. The outer contour of the base part is geometrically different from the outer contour of the base flange, so that the envelope layer (5, 5') has at least one portion at the side of the base part assigned to the longitudinal side and/or the narrow side, in which portion said envelope layer is thicker than at the opposite side of the base part.)

1. Stud (1, 1') for anchoring in a stud hole of a tread of a pneumatic tyre for vehicles, having a stud body (2, 2') made of a non-metallic, elastic material, in particular a rubber material, and comprising a base flange (6, 6 '); and having a stud pin (3, 3') which consists of hard metal and is anchored in an insert (4, 4') which is located within the stud body (2, 2') and comprises a base part (4a, 4' a) and which protrudes through an end part (3a, 3'a) beyond the stud body (2, 2'), wherein the base part (4a, 4'a) forms, together with an envelope layer (5, 5') consisting of the material of the stud body (2, 2'), a base flange (6, 6') of the stud body (2, 2'), and wherein the base flange (6, 6') has an outer contour which is oriented relative to at least one plane of symmetry (S)₁，S₂) Symmetrically designed and having two longitudinal sides and two narrow sides,

characterized in that the outer contour of the base part (4a, 4' a) is geometrically different from the outer contour of the base flange (6, 6') such that the envelope layer (5, 5') has at least one portion at the side of the base part (4a, 4' a) assigned to the longitudinal side and/or the narrow side, in which portion the envelope layer is thicker than at the opposite side of the base part (4a, 4' a).

2. The stud (1, 1') according to claim 1, characterized in that the portion in which the envelope (5, 5') has a relatively large thickness forms an envelope buffer (9, 9 ').

3. Stud (1, 1') according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the base flange (6, 6') has outer surfaces which, in plan view, extend in a rectilinear manner along a longitudinal side of the base flange and in an outwardly curved manner along a narrow side of the base flange.

4. The stud (1) as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the base part (4a) has longitudinal sides and narrow sides which are assigned to the longitudinal sides and narrow sides of the base flange (6) and at which there are outer circular delimiting surfaces (8a) and along one longitudinal side there are two delimiting surfaces (8 c)₁，8c₂) The two delimiting surfaces extend at an internal obtuse angle (α) with respect to each other, so that the envelope layer (5) forms two envelope layer buffers (9) with respect to the outer surface of the base flange (6), which are preferably triangular in plan view.

5. Stud (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that at the delimiting surfaces (8 c)₁，8c₂) The internal obtuse angle (α) between is 150 DEG to 170 deg.

6. The stud (1) as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the maximum thickness (d2) of the envelope cushions (9) is 0.35mm to 1.0mm, in particular 0.7mm to 1.0 mm.

7. The stud (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the thickness of the envelope layer (5) along those longitudinal sides and narrow sides of the base part (4a) where no envelope buffer (9) is formed is smaller than the maximum thickness (d) of the envelope buffer (9) or buffers (9)₂)。

8. The stud (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the end portion (3a) of the stud pin (3) is elongated transversely with respect to the longitudinal sides of the base flange (6) and of the base portion (4a) and has two grip edges (10 a)₁，10a₂) The two grip edges extending in the direction of the longitudinal sides and having unequal lengths, wherein the longer grip edge (10 a)₁) Is the grip edge closer to the longitudinal side in which the one or more envelope cushion parts (9) are formed.

9. A pneumatic tire for a vehicle having a tread with studs (1) as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the studs (1) are positioned in the tread such that, in each tread half, the enveloping-layer cushion (9) in the base flange (6) is positioned in each case closer to the adjacent tread edge.

10. The stud (1') as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the base part (4' a) has longitudinal sides and narrow sides which are assigned to the longitudinal sides and narrow sides of the base flange (6') and at which there are outer circular delimiting surfaces (8' a)₁，8'a₂) Wherein the delimiting surface (8' a)₁，8'a₂) Is provided with a flattened portion (12 a) in the region of its circular center₁，12a₂) The flattened portions extend in particular in a rectilinear manner in plan view, so that the envelope layer (5') forms an envelope layer buffer (9') with respect to the outer surface of the base flange (6).

11. Stud (1') according to claim 10, characterized in that the narrow side of the base flange (6') and the narrow side of the base portion (4a ') have unequal widths, wherein the base portion (4' a) is provided with a flattened section (12 a) at least at its wider narrow side in the region of the circular center₂) The flattened section extends in particular in a straight line in plan view and preferably has a length of 2.0mm to 3.0 mm.

12. Stud (1') according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the maximum thickness (d) of the envelope buffer (9') is₅) From 0.5mm to 1.0mm, in particular from 0.7mm to 1.0 mm.

13. The stud (1') according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the outer circular delimiting surfaces (8' a)₁，8'a₂) Is provided with a flattened portion (12 a) at the narrow sides in the area of its circular center₁，2a₂) The flattened section extends in a straight line in plan view, wherein the thickness of the envelope cushion section (9') having a larger width at its thickest point at the narrow side is greater than the thickness of the envelope cushion section (9') having a smaller width at the narrow side.

14. The stud (1') according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the base part (4' a) has, at its longitudinal sides, delimiting surfaces (8' b) which extend in a concavely curved manner.

15. The stud (1') as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that the envelope layer (5') has, at the delimiting surfaces (8' b) extending in an inwardly curved manner, outer surfaces extending in a rectilinear manner in plan view and a varying layer thickness (d)₆) The varying layer thickness is in particular 0.2mm to 0.4 mm.

16. Stud (1') according to one of claims 1 to 3 or 10 to 15, characterized in thatThe end portion (3' a) of the stud pin (3') is elongated transversely in plan view with respect to the longitudinal sides of the base flange (6') and of the base portion (4' a) and has a grip edge (13 a) of unequal length with respect to the narrow side of the base portion (4' a)₁，13a₂) Wherein the shorter gripping edge (13 a)₂) Is positioned closer to the grip edge of the envelope cushion (9') at the narrow side, or if envelope cushions (9') are formed at both narrow sides, the shorter grip edge is positioned closer to the grip edge of the thicker envelope cushion (9 ').

17. A vehicle pneumatic tire having a tread with studs (1') as claimed in one or more of claims 1 to 3 or 10 to 16, characterized in that the studs (1') are positioned in the tread such that the one or more envelope cushions (9') are assigned to or face in the circumferential direction of the tire.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a stud for anchoring in a stud hole of a tread of a pneumatic tire of a vehicle, the stud having a stud body which is composed of a non-metallic, elastic material, in particular a rubber material, and which comprises a base flange; and the stud has a stud pin which consists of hard metal and is anchored in an insert which is located within the stud body and comprises a base part and which protrudes with an end part beyond the stud body, wherein the base part forms a base flange of the stud body together with an envelope layer consisting of the material of the stud body, and wherein the base flange has an outer contour which is designed symmetrically with respect to at least one plane of symmetry and has two longitudinal sides and two narrow sides.

Background

Studs are typically held in stud holes in the tread of a vehicle pneumatic tire by a combination of positive locking and clamping. A conventional stud is composed of a stud body composed of aluminum or steel and a stud pin held in the stud body, which protrudes beyond the tread surface and is composed of hard metal.

It has been proposed to use studs having stud bodies composed of rubber or plastic. For example, WO 2017/088995a1 has disclosed a stud of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which case the stud pin and the insert consist of plastic or aluminumThe insert is embedded in a rubber housing or rubber material. A particular advantage of this embodiment is the basic material properties of the rubber body. About 1g/cm of rubber body compared to aluminum or steel³The low density of (2) makes the rubber particularly light. Thus, the replacement of aluminum or steel with rubber as the body material allows a reduction in the stud weight, which has a positive effect in particular on road wear and the formation of fine dust. However, the elastomeric properties of rubber have yet further advantages. First, the resilient body material dampens the impact, with the result that the forces acting on the stones or particles of gravel material in the road surface are smaller. This action also reduces road wear and the formation of fine dust. Furthermore, stud bodies composed of rubber are superior to stud bodies composed of aluminum or steel in terms of wear behavior, since they have completely different wear behaviors. Because stones and gravel in the road surface are generally harder than aluminum or even steel, stud bodies composed of aluminum or steel are heavily worn, with the result that the stud body height and the diameter of the stud body are reduced. This has the effect that the edge region of the stud body at the stud hole is subjected to abrasive wear, which in turn erodes the edge region, thereby increasing the size of the gap between the stud and the surrounding rubber matrix. This promotes the entry of sand and small stones, which further accelerates the wear of the stud body. The stud body composed of rubber can have a similar wear behavior to the rubber material of the tread, as a result of which the gap between the stud body and the tread material at least substantially no longer rises. Furthermore, the elastic properties of the rubber cause the studs to be embedded in the rubber material of the tread, which has a promoting effect on the durability of the studs.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention is based on the object of utilizing the elastic properties of the material of the stud body mentioned in the introduction more efficiently than before, in particular optimally, in order to optimize the embedding stiffness of the stud in the rubber material of the tread.

According to the invention, the stated object is achieved in that the outer contour of the base part is geometrically different from the outer contour of the base flange, so that the envelope layer has at least one portion at the side of the base part assigned to the longitudinal side and/or the narrow side, in which portion the envelope layer is thicker than at the opposite side of the base part.

The invention allows optimizing the on-ice performance of the stud by purposely influencing the embedding stiffness by means of corresponding design and configuration of the base part and the base flange in order to form regions of the envelope layer with different layer thicknesses at mutually opposite sides of the base flange. During braking, traction, and turning on icy ground, the forces exerted on the stud pin are transmitted into the base flange with a certain intensity due to leverage. A thicker envelope with greater elasticity and better damping behavior is thus provided at the region of the flange side of the substrate that favors softer embedding. A thinner and therefore smaller elastic envelope makes the embedding of the stud harder under a certain load.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one portion in which the envelope layer has a relatively large thickness forms an envelope layer buffer. The embodiment as a buffer is associated with the advantage of a substantially continuous transition into the adjacent envelope portion via the thinned layer thickness.

Also particularly advantageous is an embodiment of the stud in which the base flange has outer surfaces which, in plan view, extend in a rectilinear manner along the longitudinal sides of the base flange and in an outwardly curved manner along the narrow sides of the base flange. The longitudinal sides can extend in a straight line in plan view and in particular parallel to one another, and the two narrow sides have in particular an arcuate, outer circular design and can also have a corresponding design. Furthermore, the longitudinal sides may extend such that the base flange has a greater width at one narrow side than at the other narrow side. The base flange therefore has, among other things, one of the usual and uniform shapes, substantially elliptical in plan view, which allow good anchoring of the stud in the conventional stud hole of the tread of a pneumatic tire for vehicles.

Also particularly advantageous is the embodiment of the base part of the insert, which base part has longitudinal sides and narrow sides which are assigned to the longitudinal sides and narrow sides of the base flange and at which there are outer circular delimiting surfaces, while along one longitudinal side there are two delimiting surfaces which extend at an internal obtuse angle with respect to one another, so that the envelope layer forms two envelope layer buffers with respect to the outer surface of the base flange, which are preferably triangular in plan view. The internal obtuse angle between the delimiting surfaces is in particular 150 ° to 170 °, and in a preferred embodiment the maximum thickness of the envelope buffer is 0.35mm to 1.0mm, in particular 0.7mm to 1.0 mm. A particularly advantageous insertion rigidity of the stud is achieved by the design: the studs are positioned in the tread and its tread halves such that the longitudinal sides of the base flange extend in the circumferential direction and the envelope cushion in the base flange is positioned closer to the adjacent tread edge in each case. In the case of a load of the stud bolt in the axial direction or mainly in the axial direction with respect to the unbuffered base flange edge, the stud can be supported well in said region and the forces for good lateral guidance can be optimally transferred. In the event of loads in the opposite axial direction, for example due to sliding movements during the flattening of the tire, a relatively soft embedding of the stud in the region of the envelope buffer takes place and the stud can deflect in a desired manner in a relatively compliant manner.

In the case of the embodiment of the stud with at least one envelope buffer at the longitudinal sides of the base part or base flange, the thickness of the envelope in those regions where no envelope buffer is formed is smaller than the maximum thickness of the envelope buffer or buffers.

In the case of the embodiment of a stud with at least one envelope buffer at one longitudinal side of the base or base flange, the specific design (stud pin or its end portion protruding beyond the stud body, and the grip edge formed at the top surface) is also particularly advantageous for optimum grip on ice. The end portion of the stud pin is elongated transversely with respect to the longitudinal side of the base flange and of the base portion and has two grip edges which extend in the direction of the longitudinal side and have unequal lengths, wherein the longer grip edge is the grip edge which is closer to the longitudinal side at which the envelope cushion or cushions are formed.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the stud, the base part has longitudinal sides and narrow sides which are assigned to the longitudinal sides and narrow sides of the base flange and at which there are outer circular delimiting surfaces, wherein at least one of the delimiting surfaces is provided in the region of its circular center with a flattened section which extends in a planar view, in particular in a straight line, so that the envelope layer forms an envelope layer buffer with respect to the outer surface of the base flange.

In this case, an embodiment of the stud which is particularly preferred is one in which the narrow sides of the base flange and of the base part have unequal widths, wherein the base part is provided, at least at its wider narrow sides, in the region of the circular center with a flattened section which extends, in particular, in a straight line in plan view and preferably has a length of 2.0mm to 3.0 mm. The maximum thickness of the envelope buffer is in particular 0.5mm to 1.0mm, preferably 0.7mm to 1.0 mm. It is particularly advantageous here for such studs to be positioned in the tread such that the envelope cushion is assigned to, or faces, the circumferential direction of the tire. This stud arrangement is particularly advantageous for the embedding rigidity in the case of forces acting under traction and braking loads on icy ground surfaces.

In a further preferred and advantageous embodiment of the stud, a flattened section is provided in each outer circular delimiting surface at the narrow side in the region of the circular center, which flattened section extends in a straight line in plan view, wherein the thickness of the envelope buffer at the narrow side with the greater width is greater at its thickest point than at the narrow side with the smaller width. In this way, the insertion stiffness under braking and traction loads can be influenced in a targeted manner.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the stud it is thereby provided that the base part has at its longitudinal sides delimiting surfaces which extend in an inwardly concavely curved manner, wherein the envelope layer is preferably formed at the delimiting surfaces with an outer surface which extends in a rectilinear manner in plan view and with a correspondingly varying layer thickness, in particular of 0.2mm to 0.4 mm. The layer thickness along these delimiting surfaces is therefore smaller than in the region of the envelope buffer at the narrow sides. Due to the concave design of the delimiting surfaces, the layer thickness is at its maximum in the central region of these delimiting surfaces and can therefore also influence the embedding stiffness of the stud.

In the case of this embodiment of the stud, at the outer top surface of the stud pin, a particular embodiment of the stud pin or its gripping edge has particular advantages for good on-ice performance. In the case of this embodiment, the end portion of the stud bolt is elongated transversely in plan view with respect to the base flange and the longitudinal side of the base portion and has a grip edge of unequal length with respect to the narrow side of the base portion, wherein the shorter grip edge is the grip edge which is positioned closer to the envelope layer buffer at the narrow side or, if envelope layer buffers are formed at both narrow sides, the shorter grip edge is the grip edge which is closer to the respectively thicker envelope layer buffer.

The invention also relates to a vehicle pneumatic tire having a tread with studs designed according to the invention, wherein the studs are positioned in the tread such that a relatively long length of the studs is assigned to the circumferential direction, or substantially to the circumferential direction. In this case, it is also particularly advantageous if the studs are arranged in stud paths extending over the circumference, and in each stud path, in each case, a stud with an envelope buffer formed at the narrow side and a stud with an envelope buffer formed at the longitudinal side are positioned. It is also particularly advantageous for the arrangement of the studs in the tread to be such that the studs with the envelope cushion at the narrow sides are formed predominantly or exclusively in the central region of the tread, in the case of envelope cushions formed on the longitudinal sides predominantly or exclusively in the lateral regions of the tread.

Drawings

Further features, advantages and details of the invention will now be described in more detail on the basis of the accompanying drawings, which show exemplary embodiments. In the drawings:

figures 1 and 2 show side views of a first embodiment of a stud according to the invention,

figure 3 shows an oblique view of the stud according to figures 1 and 2,

figure 4 shows a plan view of a stud according to a first embodiment,

figure 5 is a cross-sectional illustration along a cross-sectional plane represented by line V-V in figure 4,

figure 6 is a cross-sectional illustration along a cross-sectional plane represented by line VI-VI in figure 4,

figure 7 is a cross-sectional illustration along a cross-sectional plane represented by line VII-VII in figure 1,

figures 8 and 9 show side views of a second embodiment of a stud according to the invention,

figure 10 shows an oblique view of the stud according to figures 8 and 9,

figure 11 shows a plan view of a stud according to a second embodiment,

figure 12 is a cross-sectional illustration along a cross-sectional plane represented by line XII-XII in figure 11,

figure 13 is a cross-sectional illustration along a cross-sectional plane represented by line XIII-XIII in figure 11,

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional illustration along a cross-sectional plane represented by line XIV-XIV in FIG. 1, and

fig. 15 shows a plan view of a circumferential portion of a tread of a pneumatic tire for a vehicle in the case of a design variation in which a stud is arranged.

List of reference numerals

1. 1' stud

2. 2' stud body

2a stud body

3. 3' stud pin

4. 4' insert

4a, 4' a base part

4b, 4' b pin holder

5. 5' envelope layer

6. 6' base flange

7. 7' top surface

8a, 8b define a surface

8'a₁、8'a₂Defining surface

8' b delimiting surfaces

8c₁、8c₂Defining surface

9. 9' envelope buffer

10a₁、10a₂Grip edge

11a₁、11a₂Grip edge

12a₁、12a₂In part

13a₁、13a₂Grip edge

13b grip edge

14a, 14b corner edges

15 pattern block array

16 pattern block

17 transverse grooves

18 circumferential grooves

19 inclined groove

Angle alpha, beta, gamma

A-A tire center line

a vertical axis

Width B

b₁、b₂、b₃Width of

l₁、l₂、l₃Length of

d₁、d₂Thickness of

d₃、d₄、d₅、d₆Thickness of

P₁、P₂Arrow head

P_VArrow head

S₁、S₂Plane of symmetry

S_PStud trajectory

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 to 14 are simplified illustrations of a stud 1, 1' according to the invention. The representations used in the following description, such as vertical, above … …, below … …, etc., refer to the studs 1, 1' in the drawings.

The studs 1 (fig. 1 to 7) and 1' (fig. 8 to 14) shown in the drawings are essentially composed of stud bodies 2 (fig. 1 to 7) and 2' (fig. 8 to 14) and stud pins 3 (fig. 1 to 7) and 3' (fig. 8 to 14). In the stud body 2, 2', an insert 4, 4' is contained, which has a base part 4a, 4' a and a pin holding part 4b, 4' b, in each case a stud pin 3, 3' being anchored in the center of the insert, which stud pin protrudes with its end part 3a, 3' a beyond the stud body 2, 2 '. The studs 1, 1 'have a central vertically extending vertical axis a (fig. 5 and 6; fig. 12 and 13) on which the centre of gravity (not designated) of the studs 1, 1' is located.

The insert 4, 4' consists of a plastic, in particular a thermosetting plastic or a thermoplastic material; or from metal, in particular aluminium. The pin holder 4, 4 '(by way of example, in the form of a block in the embodiment shown) extends into a central region of the stud body 2, 2'. The base part 4a, 4'a of the insert 4 is a part which preferably projects beyond the pin holding part 4b, 4' b on all sides and has a maximum thickness d₁(fig. 5, fig. 12) is of the order of 1.0mm to 1.4 mm.

The stud body 2, 2 'has a base flange 6, 6' which is formed by a base portion 4a, 4'a of the insert 4, 4' and an envelope layer 5, 5 'surrounding the base portion 4a, 4' a, so that the base portion 4a, 4'a is embedded in the material of the stud body 2, 2'. In the simplified embodiment shown, the stud body 2, 2 'is a cylindrical part, except for the base flange 6, 6'. However, the stud body 2, 2' may also have some other outer shape, for example may have a frusto-conical design or other conical design.

The stud body 2, 2' consists of a non-metallic, elastic material, preferably a rubber material, in particular a cut-resistant and wear-resistant rubber material. Alternatively, the stud body 2, 2' is composed of a thermoplastic vulcanizate having properties similar to rubber materials. Hybrid compositions for producing suitable rubber materials and suitable thermoplastic vulcanizates are well known to those skilled in the tire art. Furthermore, the material of the stud body 2, 2' wraps around the end portion 3a, 3' a of the stud pin 3, 3', wherein the top surface 7, 7' of the end portion 3a, 3' a may or may not be covered.

The stud pin 3, 3 'is composed in particular of hard metal and is a component which has a pin-like design, tapers conically over its length and is fixedly anchored by its tapered end portion in the pin holder 4b, 4' b. Since the stud pins 3, 3 'are tapered, the cross-sectional area of the stud pins 3, 3' becomes increasingly smaller along the longitudinal extent of the stud pins 3, 3', but remains geometrically similar in the preferred embodiment of the stud pins 3, 3'.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 1 to 7, the base part 4a of the insert 4 is an elongated oval component having narrow sides of equal width in plan view and having two longitudinal sides of different design, as shown in particular in fig. 7, at the narrow sides there is an outer circular delimiting surface 8a positioned in an arc, wherein the delimiting surface 8a is connected to one another on one longitudinal side by a linearly extending delimiting surface 8b and on the other longitudinal side by two delimiting surfaces 8c extending at an internal obtuse angle α relative to one another₁And 8c₂The obtuse angle α is of the order of 150 to 170 in the exemplary embodiment shown, the two delimiting surfaces 8c₁And 8c₂Preferably of corresponding length, and their transition into each other has a circular form.

The envelope layer 5 surrounds the base part 4a along the delimiting surfaces 8a and 8b, wherein the constant or almost constant thickness in each case is of the order of 0.2mm to 0.30 mm. Along the delimiting surface 8c₁And 8c₂The envelope layer 5 has an outer surface extending parallel to the outer surface extending along the delimiting surface 8b at the opposite region of the envelope layer 5, so that along the delimiting surface 8c₁And 8c₂There are envelope buffers 9 which are triangular in plan view (fig. 7) or in cross-section and which are situated relative to the remaining layer thickness of the envelope 5Thickening is carried out. The thickness d of the envelope buffer 9 at its thickest point₂Of the order of 0.35mm to 1.0mm, in particular at least 0.7 mm. At the boundary surface 8c₁And 8c₂In the region of the transition circle there is only a very thin rubber layer, the thickness of which is of the order of 0.1mm to 0.15 mm.

In a preferred embodiment, the width b of the base flange 7₁Of the order of 6.5mm to 7.0mm, in particular 6.7mm, and of maximum length l₁From 7.7mm to 8.3mm, in particular 8.0 mm. Due to the embodiment of the base part 4a, the stud 1 has a single plane of symmetry which extends through the vertical axis a and at right angles to the longitudinal sides of the base flange 7 and which is indicated by the line S in fig. 4₁And (4) showing.

In the illustrated and preferred embodiment, the stud pin 3 likewise has a symmetry plane S only₁Is designed symmetrically. Important for ice-catching is the design of the outer top surface 7 at the end portion 3a of the stud pin 3. The top surface 7 lies along the plane of symmetry S₁Has its maximum extension such that, in plan view, the stud pin 3 lies along the plane of symmetry S₁Is elongate. Length l of top surface 7₂(FIG. 4) is 2.7mm to 3.2mm, and its maximum width b₂Is 2.0mm to 2.3 mm. The top surface 7 therefore has, on its narrow side lying in the longitudinal range, in each case one in order to be aligned with the plane of symmetry S₁A grip edge 10a extending at right angles₁、10a₂Wherein the grip edge 10a₁Traction edge 10a₂Long. Gripping edge 10a₁Is 1.6mm to 2.2mm and a grip edge 10a₂Is 0.2mm to 0.5mm smaller than it. The stud pin 3 is anchored in the pin holder 4b such that the longer gripping edge 10a₁Is positioned closer to the delimiting surface 8c of the base portion 4a of the insert 4₁And 8c₂The grip edge of (a).

In the embodiment shown, two grip edges 10a₁、10a₂In each case by two gripping edges 11a₁And 11a₂Connected to each other, the two grip edges havingIdentical in design and extend at an internal obtuse angle β, preferably in the order of 160 to 170, relative to each other, hi the embodiment shown, furthermore, with the grip edge 10a₁Directly adjacent gripping edge 11a₁Traction edge 11a₂Short. In an alternative embodiment, not separately shown, the grip edge 10a₁、10a₂In each case connected to one another by a single straight gripping edge or by gripping edges extending outwards in an arc. Gripping edge 10a₁、10a₂、11a₁And 11a₂Along the stud pin 3 into the correspondingly defined side surface.

The particular embodiment of the base portion 4a of the insert 4 makes it easier to insert the insert 4 with the stud pin 3 into the mould in the correct orientation for enveloping by the material of the stud body 2.

The particular embodiment of the base flange 6 with the envelope cushions 9, which make it possible to influence and optimize the embedding rigidity of the stud 1 inserted into the tread, is of great importance with regard to the nature of the stud 1. For example, as indicated by the arrow U in fig. 4, the stud 1 is preferably positioned in the tread parallel or substantially parallel to the circumferential direction of the tread (deviation of up to about 15 °) over the longer length of its base flange 6, and also in the tread halves so that the enveloping layer buffer 9 in the base flange 6 is positioned in each case closer to the adjacent tread edge, resulting in a different embedding stiffness of the stud 1 in a manner dependent on the direction of the prevailing acting load. In the event of a load of the stud pin 3 in the axial direction or mainly in the axial direction (as indicated by the arrow P in fig. 7)₁Indicated), the stud 1 is supported in the region of the unbuffered base flange edge. The forces for good lateral guidance can thus be optimally transmitted. Under the load from arrow P₂In the case of a direction of (a), for example due to a sliding movement during the flattening of the tire, a relatively soft embedding of the stud 1 in the region of the envelope buffer 9 takes place and the stud 1 can be deflected in a relatively compliant manner in the desired manner.

In the embodiment shown in fig. 8 to 14, insertThe base part 4'a of the piece 4' is likewise an elongated oval part, but has narrow sides with unequal widths in plan view and longitudinal sides of exactly the same design (fig. 14). The stud 1' is located opposite the plane of symmetry S₂A symmetrical design (fig. 11), which extends through the vertical axis a in the longitudinal extent of the base flange 4' a. On the narrow side of the base part 4'a, there is an outer circular delimiting surface 8' a positioned in an arc₁And 8' a₂. At the longitudinal sides, there are located delimiting surfaces 8' b extending in a concavely curved manner. The straight lines connecting the ends of the delimiting surfaces 8' b are in each case relative to the plane of symmetry S₂Extends at an acute angle gamma, which is of the order of 5 deg. to 20 deg., such that the line is at the delimiting surface 8' a₁The end portions are spaced from each other by a distance smaller than the straight line on the delimiting surface 8' a₂The ends of (a) are spaced from each other. Delimiting surface 8' a₁And 8' a₂In each case provided with a flattened portion 12a in the region of their circular center₁And 12a₂These flattened portions extend in a straight line in plan view. The portion 12a₁And 12a₂To the symmetry plane S₂Extending at right angles. Portion 12a₁Ratio portion 12a₂0.3mm to 0.8mm short, and the length thereof is of the order of 2.0mm to 3.0 mm. The envelope layer 5 'surrounds the delimiting surface 8' a uniformly and in each case wholly in an externally circular manner₁And 8' a₂At the boundary surface 8' a₁And 8' a₂Has a constant or substantially constant layer thickness d at the circular portion of (a)₃、d₄. However, the envelope layer 5 'is provided along a relatively short delimiting surface 8' a₁Of the circular portion d₃May also be smaller than along the relatively long delimiting surface 8' a₂The layer thickness of the circular portion of (a). In any case, along a relatively long delimiting surface 8' a₂The flattening portion 12a₂Than along the delimiting surface 8' a₁Portion 12a of₁A larger and thicker envelope cushion 9' is formed. The envelope buffer 9' is in the flattened section 12a₂Thickness d of₅Is 0.5mm to 1.0 mm. A delimiting surface 8'b extending in a concavely curved manner along the base part 4' a, bagThe envelope layer 5' is preferably formed by a flat outer surface and thus has a correspondingly varying layer thickness d₆The layer thickness is 0.2mm to 0.4 mm.

The stud pin 3' located centrally of the stud 1' along the vertical axis a has a top surface 7' which is approximately in the form of an elongated rectangle with chamfered corners and a length l₃Is 2.8mm to 3.2mm, and has a width b₃1.8mm to 2.0mm, wherein the stud pin 3 'is anchored in the insert 4' so as to be aligned with the plane of symmetry S₂Extends at right angles and is therefore so symmetrical about this plane of symmetry. Thus, the top surface 7' has two relatively long grip edges 13a₁And 13a₂The two relatively long gripping edges are aligned with the plane of symmetry S₂Extends at right angles and also has two relatively short grip edges 13b which are parallel to the plane of symmetry S₂Extend and have equal lengths. The grip edge 13b extends in particular over a length of 1.0mm to 1.7mm, the grip edge 13a₁Has a length of 2.3mm to 3.2mm, and a grip edge 13a₂Is longer than the grip edge 13a₁Is at most 1.2mm short. The corner edge 14a will catch the edge 13a₁Is connected to the grip edge 13b, and the corner edge 14b is to the grip edge 13a₂Connected to the grip edge 13 b. The side surfaces are positioned in an abutting manner along the length of the stud pin 3', these side surfaces coming from the gripping edge 13a₁、13a₂13b and corner edges 14a, 14b start and are correspondingly designed and not shown. In addition to the corner edges and the associated corner surfaces, the stud pin 3' can have transition surfaces which are rounded and rounded.

The studs 1' are so-called drag brake studs which are preferably provided in all stud tracks of the tread, in particular in combination with the studs 1. In the case of a tread of non-directional design, about half of the studs 1 'provided in the tread are arranged in the orientation shown in the figures (arrow U in fig. 11) with respect to the circumferential direction (in a manner distributed correspondingly over the circumference), and the other half of the studs 1' provided are arranged in the opposite orientation. However, it is particularly advantageous if the arrangement of the stud 1' in the tread of the tire has a predetermined direction of rotation during forward travel, that is to say a directionally designed tread in the tire. Here, the stud 1 'is arranged such that, when the tire rolls during forward running, the wider side of the base flange 6' points in the rolling direction, as indicated by arrow U in fig. 11. This arrangement of the stud 1' is particularly advantageous for the insertion rigidity in the case of forces under traction and braking loads on icy ground.

Under traction, the stud pin 3 'of the stud 1' has its relatively short grip edge 13a₂Easily engage into the ice surface and begin to transmit force; in the process, it is inclined and supported in a rigid manner on the relatively narrow envelope cushion 9. The relatively thick envelope buffer 9 'at the front facilitates the tilting of the stud, since the elastomeric rubber material has a lower stiffness than the plastic or aluminum material of the base part 4' a. In this way, the stud 1' can be easily "erected" in order to form a greater projection length and in order to adopt the optimum cutting angle more quickly.

During the braking force transmission, the stud pin 3' initially also has its relatively short grip edge 13a₂Engages into the ice but then "tilts" due to the relative movement between the tire and the road surface and then passes through its relatively long gripping edge 13a₁The braking force is transmitted. During the "tilting" of the stud, the pin 3' will actually press automatically into the ice. In order to maximize the braking force, it is particularly important to embed the stud 1' in a flexible manner in order to eliminate stress peaks and thus prevent premature ice breaking. The flexible embedding is achieved by means of a relatively thick elastic envelope cushion 9 'on the base flange 6'.

Fig. 15 schematically shows a circumferential portion of a tread for a winter tyre for passenger motor vehicles having an oriented pattern. The tread shown by way of example has two shoulder-side block rows 15 and, between them, in the central tread region, blocks 16 formed by lateral grooves 17 extending in a V-shape over the width of the tread, as well as a plurality of circumferential grooves 18 and oblique grooves 19. Rotation during forward travelThe direction is indicated by the arrow P_vAnd (4) showing. B denotes the width of the portion of the tread that is in contact with the ground. Within this width B, the studs 1, 1' follow a so-called stud path S_PThe number of studs is generally between 4 and 25, in particular between 12 and 20. Stud trajectory S_PIs a line extending in a circular encircling manner parallel to the circumferential direction and is indicated by a dashed line in fig. 15. In the embodiment shown in fig. 15, seven stud tracks S are provided in each tread half_PThe stud tracks are symmetrically arranged relative to the tire centerline A-A.

In the shown circumferential section, at least one stud 1 and at least one stud 1' are shown by way of example in each stud trajectory. Typically, positioned at each stud trajectory S_PWherein 4 to 25, in particular 7 to 16 studs 1, 1' are positioned in the circumferential direction of the tire. In an alternative embodiment, the stud trajectory S is such that the stud 1 is positioned only in two lateral circumferential regions_PAnd only the stud 1' is positioned in the central circumferential region of the stud trajectory S_PIn (1).