阅读说明：本技术 一种低剖面宽频带双圆极化相控阵天线系统 (Low-profile broadband dual-circularly-polarized phased array antenna system ) 是由 谢照川 郑轶 汪渊 凌谦 邱忠云 易亮 于 2021-08-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种低剖面宽频带双圆极化相控阵天线系统,属于天线领域,包括：天线阵列,包括多个天线单元,天线单元包括介质层和辐射层,所述介质层中设有90°电桥；辐射层上设有双馈电点,双馈电点通过馈线与90°电桥连接；射频模块,射频模块为瓦片式射频模块,射频模块包括多条与天线单元对应连接的射频通道；以及用于控制射频模块的收发切换以及极化选择的控制模块。本发明采用瓦片式射频模块,连接结构简单,避免复杂的板间互连方式造成成本的增加以及系统损耗的增加；旋转组阵,优化轴比特性；90°电桥提高天线在左右旋圆极化同时工作时的极化隔离,减小两种极化间的影响,组成高集成度、低剖面、低损耗的相控阵天线系统。(The invention discloses a low-profile broadband dual-circularly-polarized phased array antenna system, which belongs to the field of antennas and comprises the following components: the antenna array comprises a plurality of antenna units, wherein each antenna unit comprises a dielectric layer and a radiation layer, and a 90-degree electric bridge is arranged in the dielectric layer; the radiation layer is provided with double feeding points which are connected with the 90-degree electric bridge through a feeder line; the radio frequency module is a tile-type radio frequency module and comprises a plurality of radio frequency channels correspondingly connected with the antenna units; and the control module is used for controlling the transceiving switching and polarization selection of the radio frequency module. The tile type radio frequency module is adopted, the connection structure is simple, and the cost increase and the system loss increase caused by a complex inter-board interconnection mode are avoided; rotating the array to optimize the axial ratio characteristic; the 90-degree electric bridge improves the polarization isolation of the antenna when the left-handed circular polarization and the right-handed circular polarization work simultaneously, reduces the influence between the two polarizations, and forms a phased array antenna system with high integration level, low profile and low loss.)

1. A low profile broadband dual circularly polarized phased array antenna system, comprising:

the antenna array (1) comprises a plurality of antenna units (11), wherein each antenna unit (11) comprises a dielectric layer (112) and a radiation layer (111), and a 90-degree electric bridge is arranged in each dielectric layer (112); a double feeding point (114) is arranged on the radiation layer (111), and the double feeding point (114) is connected with the 90-degree electric bridge through a feeding line;

the radio frequency module (2) is a tile-type radio frequency module, the radio frequency module (2) comprises a plurality of radio frequency channels (21) correspondingly connected with the antenna units (11), and the radio frequency channels (21) are connected with the antenna units (11) in an opposite insertion mode; and

a control module (3) for controlling the transmit-receive switching and polarization selection of the radio frequency module (2);

the antenna array (1) adopts a rectangular array, and every 2 × 2 antenna units (11) in the antenna array (1) are in a rotating array.

2. A low profile broadband dual circularly polarized phased array antenna system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antenna elements (11) are of a multi-layer hybrid microstrip structure.

3. A low profile broadband dual circularly polarized phased array antenna system according to claim 1, wherein said dual feeding points (114) are two feeding points with a phase difference of 90 ° or-90 °.

4. The phased array antenna system with low profile wide frequency band and dual circular polarization according to claim 1, wherein the 90 ° electrical bridge is a branch electrical bridge, the branch electrical bridge comprises an input end, a through end, a coupling end and an isolation end, the through end and the coupling end are respectively connected with the dual feeding point (114), and the input end and the isolation end are respectively connected with the radio frequency channel (21).

5. The low profile broadband dual circularly polarized phased array antenna system of claim 1, wherein the rf channel (21) comprises a left-handed channel and a right-handed channel, wherein a left-handed T/R element is disposed in the left-handed channel, and a right-handed T/R element is disposed in the right-handed channel, wherein the left-handed T/R element is connected to one of the dual feed points (114), and wherein the right-handed T/R element is connected to the other of the dual feed points (114).

6. The low profile broadband dual circularly polarized phased array antenna system of claim 1, wherein said radiating layer 111 is connected to dielectric layer 112 by connector 113.

7. A low profile broadband dual circularly polarized phased array antenna system according to claim 1, wherein the rf module (2) is connected vertically to the antenna array (1) by a velcro or a surface mount connector.

8. The low-profile broadband dual circularly polarized phased array antenna system according to claim 5, wherein the control module (3) comprises a control unit, a feed network and a transmit-receive switch, the control unit is respectively connected with the feed network, the transmit-receive switch and the radio frequency module (2), and the feed network is connected with the radio frequency module (2).

9. The low-profile broadband dual circularly polarized phased array antenna system of claim 8, wherein the left-handed T/R assembly and the right-handed T/R assembly are each provided with a phase shift compensation unit, and the phase shift compensation unit is connected with the control unit.

10. The low profile broadband dual circularly polarized phased array antenna system of claim 9, wherein said phase shift compensation unit comprises a vector modulator.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to a low-profile broadband dual circularly polarized phased array antenna system.

Background

The future air-ground integrated convergence network provides seamless switching application requirements for the data transmission terminal among multi-track, multi-satellite and satellite-ground coverage areas. In order to ensure the signal transmission quality, a higher requirement is provided for the performance of the antenna which directly affects the capability of the whole system, the problems of channel capacity, channel fading, multipath attenuation and the like need to be fully considered, the performance of the circularly polarized antenna is generally better than that of a linearly polarized antenna, and the double circularly polarized antenna which can simultaneously realize left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization is more important to research.

The antenna covers a larger space range, and a reflecting surface antenna or a flat antenna which is scanned by mechanical beams is usually used for realizing large-range coverage, but the mode can increase the section, weight and installation space of the antenna, and is not beneficial to miniaturization and light weight; the performance of the conventional phased array antenna is greatly reduced along with the expansion of the scanning range, and the system capacity is reduced due to the axial ratio characteristics of gain and circular polarization.

For circularly polarized antennas, microstrip antennas or horn antennas are generally adopted, and the traditional single-layer microstrip antenna is easy to use as a phased array antenna, can realize low profile and light weight, but has narrow bandwidth and can not realize broadband work; the common multilayer microstrip antenna can realize broadband work, but has a complex structure and is inconvenient to be butted with a radio frequency module of a phased array antenna; the horn antenna can realize broadband performance, but the antenna has a generally high profile and a relatively large weight, and is not an optimal choice in an environment where the satellite-borne antenna is generally applied in pursuit of miniaturization and light weight.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the problems of circular polarization antennas in the prior art and provides a low-profile broadband dual-circular polarization phased array antenna system.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

there is provided a low profile broadband dual circularly polarized phased array antenna system, the system comprising:

the antenna array comprises a plurality of antenna units, wherein each antenna unit comprises a dielectric layer and a radiation layer, and a 90-degree electric bridge is arranged in each dielectric layer; the radiation layer is provided with double feeding points which are connected with the 90-degree electric bridge through a feeder line;

the radio frequency module is a tile-type radio frequency module, the radio frequency module comprises a plurality of radio frequency channels correspondingly connected with the antenna units, and the radio frequency module is connected with the antenna units in an opposite insertion mode; and

the control module is used for controlling the receiving and transmitting switching and polarization selection of the radio frequency module;

the antenna array adopts a rectangular array, and each 2 × 2 antenna units in the antenna array rotate the array

As a preferred item, the antenna unit adopts a multilayer mixed-voltage microstrip structure.

As a preference, the dual feeding point includes two feeding points having a phase difference of 90 ° or-90 °.

As a preferred option, the 90 ° electrical bridge is a branch electrical bridge, the branch electrical bridge includes an input end, a through end, a coupling end and an isolation end, the through end and the coupling end are respectively connected to the dual feeding points, and the input end and the isolation end are respectively connected to the radio frequency channel.

As a preferred item, the radio frequency channel includes a left-handed channel and a right-handed channel, a left-handed T/R component is disposed in the left-handed channel, a right-handed T/R component is disposed in the right-handed channel, the left-handed T/R component is connected to one of the dual feeding points, and the right-handed T/R component is connected to the other of the dual feeding points.

As a preference, the radiation layer and the dielectric layer are connected by a connector.

As a preferred option, the radio frequency module is vertically connected to the antenna array through a fuzz button or surface mount connector.

As a preferred option, the control module includes a control unit, a feed network, and a transmit-receive switch, the control unit is connected to the feed network, the transmit-receive switch, and the radio frequency module, respectively, and the feed network is connected to the radio frequency module.

As a preferred item, phase shift compensation units are respectively arranged in the left-handed T/R assembly and the right-handed T/R assembly, and the phase shift compensation units are connected with the control unit.

As a preference, the phase shift compensation unit comprises a vector modulator.

It should be further noted that the technical features corresponding to the above-mentioned system options can be combined with each other or replaced to form a new technical solution.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the invention adopts the tile type radio frequency module, the radio frequency module is connected with the antenna unit in an opposite insertion mode, the connection structure is simple, the cost increase and the system loss increase caused by a complex inter-board interconnection mode are avoided, the 90-degree electric bridge improves the polarization isolation of the antenna when the antenna simultaneously works in left-right circular polarization, the influence between the two polarizations is reduced, and a phased array antenna system with high integration level, low profile and low loss is formed.

(2) The branch electric bridge comprises an input end, a straight-through end, a coupling end and an isolation end, wherein the straight-through end and the coupling end are respectively connected with two feeding points with the phase difference of 90 degrees or minus 90 degrees, the input end and the isolation end are respectively connected with the radio frequency channel, and left-hand circularly polarized signals and right-hand circularly polarized signals can be simultaneously output on the antenna surface.

(3) The radio frequency module comprises a left-handed T/R component and a right-handed T/R component, the antenna is independently received and transmitted in the left-handed rotation direction and the right-handed rotation direction by the aid of the double T/R components, left-handed signals and right-handed signals can be synchronously transmitted under the condition that different signals are input simultaneously, the antenna is isolated by a branch bridge or other 90-degree bridges, polarization isolation of the antenna during simultaneous operation of left-handed circular polarization and right-handed circular polarization is improved, and influence between the two polarizations is reduced.

(4) The antenna array surface is rectangular and is arranged in a rotating array mode, the array axial ratio characteristic can be effectively optimized by the array mode, the antenna transmission efficiency is improved, and the polarization loss in the transmission process is reduced.

(5) The control module comprises a control unit, a feed network and a receiving and transmitting switch, can realize the beam scanning and receiving and transmitting switching functions of the antenna system, adopts automatic control and improves the intellectualization and the adjusting precision.

(6) The phase shift compensation unit realizes high-precision phase compensation and can ensure high-precision beam pointing during antenna scanning.

(7) The size of the antenna unit is changed, and the requirements of different frequency bands can be met by matching with substrates with different thicknesses and different dielectric constants; the number of the small arrays is changed by taking 2 x 2 small arrays as a whole, so that the requirements of different gains can be met; the performance requirement of the array antenna can be met by changing the unit distance.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low profile broadband dual circularly polarized phased array antenna system of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a radiating layer in an antenna unit according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spur bridge according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the antenna array and the RF module according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the antenna unit and the RF channel according to the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array arrangement according to the present invention;

fig. 8 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a phased array antenna system of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of electrical scanning and phase compensation according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that directions or positional relationships indicated by "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like are directions or positional relationships described based on the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

The invention mainly combines the improvement of the antenna unit and the radio frequency module with the control technology to reduce the influence between two polarizations of the circularly polarized antenna and form a phased array antenna system with high integration level, low profile and low loss.

Example 1

In an exemplary embodiment, there is provided a low profile broadband dual circularly polarized phased array antenna system, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprising:

the antenna array 1 comprises a plurality of antenna units 11, wherein each antenna unit 11 comprises a dielectric layer 112 and a radiation layer 111, and a 90-degree electric bridge is arranged in the dielectric layer 112; a double feeding point 114 is arranged on the radiation layer 111, and the double feeding point 114 is connected with the 90-degree electric bridge through a feeding line;

the radio frequency module 2 is a tile-type radio frequency module, the radio frequency module 2 comprises a plurality of radio frequency channels 21 correspondingly connected with the antenna units 11, and the radio frequency channels 21 are connected with the antenna units 11 in an opposite insertion mode; and

and the control module 3 is used for controlling the transceiving switching and polarization selection of the radio frequency module 2.

Specifically, adopt tile formula radio frequency module, radio frequency module 2 with antenna element 11 is to inserting formula connection, and connection structure is simple, avoids the increase of the increase that complicated inter-plate interconnection mode caused the cost and the increase of system loss, and 90 degrees electric bridge improves the polarization isolation of antenna when controlling the circular polarization simultaneous working, reduces the influence between two kinds of polarizations, constitutes high integrated level, low section, low-loss phased array antenna system, compares the horn antenna, changes and realizes miniaturization, lightweight.

The antenna array 1 adopts a rectangular array, and every 2 × 2 antenna units 11 in the antenna array 1 are in a rotating array.

Specifically, in the prior art, a horn antenna is triangularly arranged, and array units are generally distributed in positions of equilateral triangles, but the arrangement mode is that on one hand, the horn antenna is high in section and not easy to miniaturize, and on the other hand, the triangularly arranged array is poor in axial ratio optimization, and the invention adopts rectangular arrangement and can better optimize the axial ratio.

Further, the axial ratio is optimized every 2 × 2 antenna units 11 rotating array, as shown in fig. 7, four antenna units 11 a, b, c, and d are sequentially arranged to form a 4 × 4 array with 2 × 2 units as small arrays, and in the small arrays of the four antenna units a, b, c, and d, the array is obtained by sequentially rotating 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 ° clockwise according to 4 unit center points, beginning with a.

Meanwhile, the phase of a shift function compensation unit in the T/R assembly is required to be utilized, and the right-hand circular polarization is realized when the unit rotates by 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees and the phase of the right-hand T/R assembly is required to be compensated by 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees in sequence; the phases needing to be compensated in the left-handed T/R assembly are 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees in sequence, and left-handed circular polarization is realized.

The array is distributed in a rotary array mode, the array axial ratio characteristic can be effectively optimized, the antenna transmission efficiency is improved, and the polarization loss in the transmission process is reduced.

Further, as shown in fig. 5, the radio frequency module 2 is vertically connected to the antenna array 1 through a hair button or a surface-mount connector. Specifically, each unit in the antenna array 1 needs to be connected to each T/R component in the radio frequency module through a fuzz button or a surface-mount connector.

Example 2

Based on embodiment 1, a low-profile broadband dual circularly polarized phased array antenna system is provided, wherein the antenna unit 11 adopts a multilayer mixed-voltage microstrip structure. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the antenna radiation layer 111 and the 90 bridge layer in the dielectric layer 112 are connected by interconnection between boards, and may be formed by using a multilayer board hybrid technology, or may be interconnected by using a connector 113.

Further, the dual feeding point 114 includes two feeding points having a phase difference of 90 ° or-90 °. As shown in fig. 3, the dual feeding point 114 feeds signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees, forming left-handed circular polarization; the dual feed point 114 feeds signals with a phase difference of-90 degrees, resulting in right hand circular polarization.

Furthermore, in order to improve the isolation between polarizations and form circular polarization, two feeding points of the antenna are connected with a 90-degree electric bridge. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the 90 ° electrical bridge is a branch electrical bridge, the branch electrical bridge includes an input end, a through end, a coupling end, and an isolation end, the through end and the coupling end are respectively connected to the dual feeding points, and the input end and the isolation end are respectively connected to the radio frequency channel.

In fig. 4, if port 1 is used as the input port, port 4 is a straight-through port, port 3 is a coupling port, port 2 is an isolation port, and port 3 is phase-delayed by 90 ° from port 4; if port 2 is used as the input port, port 3 is a straight port, port 4 is a coupling port, port 1 is an isolation port, and port 4 is phase-delayed by 90 ° from port 3. The bridge port 3 and the port 4 are connected with two feeding points of the antenna, signals input from the port 1 or the port 2 reach the port 3 and the port 4 with 90-degree phase difference, and circularly polarized waves can be excited after being transmitted to an antenna radiation layer, so that when one signal is input from the port 1, a right-hand circularly polarized signal is output on an antenna surface, and when the other uncorrelated signal is input from the port 2, a left-hand circularly polarized signal can be output on the antenna surface at the same time.

The left-hand circularly polarized signal and the right-hand circularly polarized signal can be simultaneously output on the antenna surface, and the influence between the two polarizations is reduced.

Example 3

Based on the above embodiments, a low-profile broadband dual circularly polarized phased array antenna system is provided. The radio frequency channel 21 comprises a left-handed channel and a right-handed channel, a left-handed T/R component is arranged in the left-handed channel, a right-handed T/R component is arranged in the right-handed channel, the left-handed T/R component is connected with one feeding point in the double feeding points 114, and the right-handed T/R component is connected with the other feeding point in the double feeding points 114.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the left-handed T/R component corresponds to a left-handed channel, the right-handed T/R component corresponds to a right-handed channel, the antenna unit 11 is provided with a left-handed interface and a right-handed interface, the left-handed interface is connected to one feeding point, the right-handed interface is connected to another feeding point, the left-handed channel is connected to the left-handed interface, the right-handed channel is connected to the right-handed interface, the dual T/R components are used to implement independent receiving and transmitting of the left-handed and right-handed directions of the antenna, and the left-handed signal and the right-handed signal can be transmitted synchronously when different signals are input simultaneously.

Furthermore, the branch electric bridge is adopted by the antenna to improve polarization isolation of the antenna when the left-handed circular polarization and the right-handed circular polarization work simultaneously, and influence between the two polarizations is reduced.

Example 4

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the control module 3 includes a control unit, a feeding network, and a transmitting/receiving switch, the control unit is connected to the feeding network, the transmitting/receiving switch, and the radio frequency module 2, respectively, and the feeding network is connected to the radio frequency module 2. The receiving and transmitting switching and the polarization selection are realized through the on-off of the receiving and transmitting switch, and meanwhile, the bias voltage of the VM chip in the channel is controlled to change the phase compensation quantity to realize beam scanning.

Specifically, each T/R component is connected with the control module 3 through a connector; the feed network comprises a left-handed feed network and a right-handed feed network, wherein the left-handed feed network is used for inputting voltage of a left-handed channel, and the right-handed feed network is used for inputting voltage of a right-handed channel.

After the system is started, a control command is input through external control software, and the control unit changes the input voltage of different feed networks, so that the input phase of the antenna unit corresponding to the T/R assembly and the on-off state of the receiving and transmitting switch are changed, the beam scanning and receiving and transmitting switching functions of the antenna system can be realized, and the intelligent and adjusting precision is improved by adopting automatic control.

Furthermore, phase shift compensation units are arranged in the left-handed T/R assembly and the right-handed T/R assembly, and the phase shift compensation units are connected with the control unit.

Further, the phase shift compensation unit includes a vector modulator. The phase shift chip is made of a Vector Modulator (VM), phase shift precision within 1 degree of precision can be provided through compact bias voltage control, high-precision phase compensation is achieved, excellent circular polarization axial ratio characteristics under large-angle electronic beam scanning are provided for the left-hand circular polarization antenna and the right-hand circular polarization antenna respectively, and high-precision beam pointing can be guaranteed during antenna scanning.

Example 5

In an exemplary embodiment, a compensation calculation method is provided, giving a 4 x 4 array model, requiring arraysRealizing the maximum angle scanning of the off-axis angle of +/-theta DEG, and taking f from the central frequency point of the antenna₀The working frequency band covers f₁-f₂Wherein f is₁≤f₀≤f₂And calculating to obtain the unit interval d. WhereinThe antenna elements are arranged at a distance d to form an m-n scale antenna array surface, wherein m and n are the number of the array elements in the x axis and the y axis.

As shown in FIG. 9, in order to realize electric scanning, the phase of the antenna element at different positions is changed, the phase change is related to the frequency, the distance between the elements and the position of the element, and the single-row scanning angle of the antenna array is calculatedWherein f is₀For scanning frequency point f as required₁≤f₀≤f₂Alpha is the expected scanning angle of the frequency point and is less than or equal to theta; in this example, when the x-axis α angular scan is implemented, as shown in the following figure, the first column of unit compensation phases is the respective rotating array compensation phase + a × 1, and so on, the mth column of unit compensation phases is the respective rotating array compensation phase + a × m; when the y-axis alpha scanning is realized, the first row of unit compensation phases is the compensation phase + a × 1 of each rotating array, and so on, the nth column of unit compensation phases is the compensation phase + a × n of each rotating array.

The size of the radiation patch of the unit antenna is changed, and the requirements of different frequency bands can be met by matching substrates with different thicknesses and different dielectric constants; the number of the small arrays is changed by taking 2 x 2 small arrays as a whole, so that the requirements of different gains can be met; the performance requirements of the array antenna, such as the maximum scanning angle, the scanning reduction and the like, can be met by changing the unit spacing.

The above detailed description is for the purpose of describing the invention in detail, and it should not be construed that the detailed description is limited to the description, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.