阅读说明：本技术 生活垃圾的热解汽化处理装置 (Pyrolysis vaporization treatment device for household garbage ) 是由 包向前 孟祥云 于 2020-06-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种生活垃圾的热解汽化处理装置,包括料斗、螺旋输送器、热解汽化炉、气液分离装置以及冷却装置,热解汽化炉包括一个外壳体,在外壳中设置有耐火砖砌成的圆筒形腔室,在圆筒形腔室下方连接一个倒锥形斗,倒锥形斗的侧壁上设置有若干个出气孔,倒锥形斗的侧壁与热解汽化炉的外壳之间形成气腔,在该气腔上设置有排气口,该排气口通过管道连接气液分离装置,冷却装置为气液分离装置提供冷却水。废烟气从进气口进入烟气室后,在冷却水管外壁上遇冷后凝结成液体,掉落在下层隔板上,并从废液出口排出。分离掉水雾、油雾的废气经内筒体上的进气口进入内筒体,并从出气口排出,从而得到较为清洁的可燃气体。(The invention discloses a pyrolysis vaporization treatment device for household garbage, which comprises a hopper, a screw conveyor, a pyrolysis vaporization furnace, a gas-liquid separation device and a cooling device, wherein the pyrolysis vaporization furnace comprises an outer shell, a cylindrical cavity built by refractory bricks is arranged in the outer shell, an inverted cone is connected below the cylindrical cavity, a plurality of air outlets are arranged on the side wall of the inverted cone, an air cavity is formed between the side wall of the inverted cone and the outer shell of the pyrolysis vaporization furnace, an air outlet is arranged on the air cavity, the air outlet is connected with the gas-liquid separation device through a pipeline, and the cooling device provides cooling water for the gas-liquid separation device. After entering the flue gas chamber from the air inlet, the waste flue gas is condensed into liquid after meeting cold on the outer wall of the cooling water pipe, falls on the lower-layer partition plate and is discharged from a waste liquid outlet. The waste gas from which the water mist and the oil mist are separated enters the inner cylinder body through the air inlet on the inner cylinder body and is discharged from the air outlet, so that cleaner combustible gas is obtained.)

1. The utility model provides a pyrolysis vaporization processing apparatus of domestic waste which characterized in that: the device comprises a hopper, a screw conveyor, a pyrolysis gasification furnace, a gas-liquid separation device and a cooling device, wherein the hopper is used for containing materials and is connected with the screw conveyor, a discharge port of the screw conveyor is positioned above a feed inlet, the discharge port of the screw conveyor is communicated with the top end of the pyrolysis gasification furnace, the pyrolysis gasification furnace comprises a shell, a cylindrical cavity built by refractory bricks is arranged in the shell, an inverted cone hopper is connected below the cylindrical cavity, a plurality of air outlets are arranged on the side wall of the inverted cone hopper, an air cavity is formed between the side wall of the inverted cone hopper and the shell of the pyrolysis gasification furnace, an air outlet is arranged on the air cavity, the air outlet is connected with the gas-liquid separation device through a pipeline, and the cooling device provides cooling water; the gas-liquid separation device comprises an outer barrel and an inner barrel, wherein the side wall of the inner barrel is provided with a gas inlet, the top of the inner barrel is provided with a gas outlet, the outer barrel is provided with a flue gas inlet, the gas inlet of the inner barrel is positioned inside the outer barrel, and the gas outlet extends out of the outer barrel; a vertical cooling water pipe is arranged in a gap between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, and a waste liquid discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the outer cylinder.

2. The pyrolysis vaporization treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: two closed water tanks are arranged in a gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder and are respectively positioned at the top and the bottom of the outer cylinder; the two ends of the cooling water pipe are respectively communicated with the upper-layer water tank and the lower-layer water tank, the upper-layer water tank is provided with a water outlet pipe orifice which penetrates through the outer barrel body, the water outlet is connected with the cooling device, the lower-layer water tank is provided with a water inlet pipe orifice which penetrates through the outer barrel body, and the water inlet pipe orifice is connected with the cooling device.

3. The pyrolysis vaporization treatment apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: two horizontal partition plates are arranged in a gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder to divide the gap into three layers, wherein an upper water tank is formed between the upper partition plate and the inner wall of the outer cylinder as well as between the upper partition plate and the outer wall of the inner cylinder, and the water tank is annular; a lower water tank is formed between the lower partition plate and the inner wall of the outer cylinder; the cavity in the middle layer forms a turbid air chamber which is communicated with the flue gas inlet, and the waste liquid discharge port is positioned at the bottommost part of the flue gas chamber.

4. The pyrolysis vaporization treatment apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: a washing water inlet is also arranged on the turbid air chamber, and the clear water inlet is connected with a cooling device; the cooling device comprises a cooling water tank and a water pump, the water pump pumps water of the cooling water tank, a cleaning water inlet of the turbid air chamber and a water inlet pipe orifice of the lower-layer water tank are both connected with the water pump, and a water outlet pipe orifice of the upper-layer water tank is communicated with the cooling water tank.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of household garbage treatment, in particular to a pyrolysis vaporization treatment device for household garbage.

Background

By utilizing incomplete combustion of the materials, when the oxygen required by the combustion of the materials is only 25-30% of the oxygen consumption of the complete combustion, the materials are subjected to gasification reaction, combustible gases such as H2, CO, CH4 and the like can be produced, and wood carbon is left after the gasification reaction of the materials. The material can be wood chips, rice hulls, straws, waste plastics, domestic dry garbage and other solid wastes containing hydrocarbon molecules.

The smoke generated after combustion contains tar, fly ash and water vapor, so how to separate the smoke to obtain cleaner combustible gas is the technical problem to be researched by the invention.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the content of tar, water vapor and the like in the smoke is high in the existing biomass decomposition technology.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the pyrolysis vaporization treatment device of the domestic garbage comprises a hopper, a screw conveyor, a pyrolysis vaporization furnace, a gas-liquid separation device and a cooling device, wherein the hopper is used for containing materials and is connected with the screw conveyor, a discharge port of the screw conveyor is positioned above a feed port, the discharge port of the screw conveyor is communicated with the top end of the pyrolysis vaporization furnace, the pyrolysis vaporization furnace comprises a shell body, a cylindrical cavity built by refractory bricks is arranged in the shell, an inverted cone hopper is connected below the cylindrical cavity, a plurality of gas outlet holes are formed in the side wall of the inverted cone hopper, a gas cavity is formed between the side wall of the inverted cone hopper and the shell of the pyrolysis vaporization furnace, a gas outlet is formed in the gas cavity, the gas outlet is connected with the gas-liquid separation device through a pipeline, and the cooling device provides cooling; the gas-liquid separation device comprises an outer barrel and an inner barrel, wherein the side wall of the inner barrel is provided with a gas inlet, the top of the inner barrel is provided with a gas outlet, the outer barrel is provided with a flue gas inlet, the gas inlet of the inner barrel is positioned inside the outer barrel, and the gas outlet extends out of the outer barrel; a vertical cooling water pipe is arranged in a gap between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, and a waste liquid discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the outer cylinder.

Furthermore, two closed water tanks are arranged in a gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder and are respectively positioned at the top and the bottom of the outer cylinder; the two ends of the cooling water pipe are respectively communicated with the upper-layer water tank and the lower-layer water tank, the upper-layer water tank is provided with a water outlet pipe orifice which penetrates through the outer barrel body, the water outlet is connected with the cooling device, the lower-layer water tank is provided with a water inlet pipe orifice which penetrates through the outer barrel body, and the water inlet pipe orifice is connected with the cooling device.

Furthermore, two horizontal partition plates are arranged in a gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder to divide the gap into three layers, wherein an upper water tank is formed between the upper partition plate and the inner wall of the outer cylinder as well as between the upper partition plate and the outer wall of the inner cylinder, and the water tank is annular; a lower water tank is formed between the lower partition plate and the inner wall of the outer cylinder; the cavity in the middle layer forms a turbid air chamber which is communicated with the flue gas inlet, and the waste liquid discharge port is positioned at the bottommost part of the flue gas chamber.

Furthermore, a washing water inlet is arranged on the turbid air chamber, and the clear water inlet is connected with a cooling device; the cooling device comprises a cooling water tank and a water pump, the water pump pumps water of the cooling water tank, a cleaning water inlet of the turbid air chamber and a water inlet pipe orifice of the lower-layer water tank are both connected with the water pump, and a water outlet pipe orifice of the upper-layer water tank is communicated with the cooling water tank.

The technical scheme shows that the invention has the following advantages: after entering the flue gas chamber from the air inlet, the waste flue gas is condensed into liquid after meeting cold on the outer wall of the cooling water pipe, falls on the lower-layer partition plate and is discharged from a waste liquid outlet. The waste gas from which the water mist and the oil mist are separated enters the inner cylinder body through the air inlet on the inner cylinder body and is discharged from the air outlet. The invention can separate the water mist, the oil mist and the smoke in the waste gas, and can separate some fly ash with large particles, thereby obtaining cleaner combustible gas.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 1.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the pyrolysis vaporization treatment device for domestic garbage of the present invention comprises a hopper 4, a screw conveyor 2, a pyrolysis vaporization furnace 1, a gas-liquid separation device 5 and a cooling device, wherein the hopper 4 is used for holding materials and is connected with the screw conveyor 2, a discharge port of the screw conveyor is positioned above a feed port, a discharge port of the screw conveyor 2 faces upwards to reduce the water content of the discharged materials, the discharge port of the screw conveyor is communicated with the top end of the pyrolysis vaporization furnace, a feed valve 21 is arranged at the discharge port, a stirring motor 11 is arranged at the top of the pyrolysis vaporization furnace to stir the materials, the pyrolysis vaporization furnace comprises an outer shell 19, and a cylindrical cavity built by refractory bricks 15 is arranged in the outer shell 19.

The biomass gasification principle is as follows: the gasification process is mainly divided into 4 reaction zones from top to bottom: a drying zone, a pyrolysis zone, an oxidation zone, and a reduction zone.

1. A drying area: free water and bound water in the biomass are evaporated to further reduce the water content

2. A pyrolysis zone: under the condition of oxygen deficiency, the biomass is cracked to generate a large amount of non-condensable combustible gas (CO, H2, CH4 and the like) and condensable tar,

3. an oxidation area: gasifying agent is fed into the gasification furnace at the position, biomass charcoal and supplied oxygen are combusted to generate CO2, H2 generated by partial cracking also reacts with the oxygen to generate water, the two oxidation reactions generate a large amount of heat, if the supply of the oxygen is not enough to completely convert the charcoal into CO2, the charcoal also generates CO due to partial oxidation, and tar passes through a high-temperature oxidation zone along with downward movement of combustible gas, so that the tar is subjected to secondary cracking.

4. A reduction zone: under the environment of higher temperature and oxygen deficiency, a plurality of endothermic reduction reactions can occur, the contents of CO, H2 and CH4 in combustible gas are increased, and the gas-producing heat value is improved.

Pyrolysis gasification is carried out in a closed space, and the output after gasification is combustible gas; secondly, charcoal, the combustible gas is finally burnt in a boiler to generate electricity, heat water and the like, and organic waste gas VOC possibly contained in the combustible gas is also burnt at high temperature. The charcoal can be combusted secondarily, so that the method is an economic and practical technical scheme for reducing the quantity of domestic garbage and rice husks and straws in vast rural areas.

An inverted cone hopper 17 is connected below the cylindrical cavity, a plurality of air outlets 18 are arranged on the side wall of the inverted cone hopper 17, an air cavity is formed between the side wall of the inverted cone hopper and the shell of the pyrolysis gasification furnace, an air outlet is arranged on the air cavity, and the air outlet is connected with the gas-liquid separation device 5 through a pipeline 13 and an exhaust fan 21. A plurality of air inlets 16 are arranged around the pyrolysis gasification furnace, the air inlets 16 are connected with an air inlet pipeline 31, and the air inlet pipeline is connected with an air pump 3. The bottom of the pyrolysis gasification furnace is also provided with a sewage draining outlet 14 which can be unscrewed to drain the ash in the inverted cone-shaped hopper.

The gas-liquid separation device comprises an outer cylinder 56 and an inner cylinder 55, wherein the side wall of the inner cylinder 55 is provided with a gas inlet 59, the top of the inner cylinder is provided with a gas outlet, a bent pipe 53 can be inserted into the gas outlet, and clean combustible gas is led out by the bent pipe 53. A smoke inlet is arranged on the outer cylinder body and connected with an exhaust fan 21, and an air inlet of the inner cylinder body is positioned inside the outer cylinder body; a vertical cooling water pipe 58 is provided in the gap between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, and a waste liquid discharge port is provided at the bottom of the outer cylinder. Two closed water tanks, namely an upper water tank 510 and a lower water tank 511, are arranged in the gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder and are respectively positioned at the top and the bottom of the outer cylinder; the two ends of the cooling water tank 58 are respectively communicated with the upper layer water tank 510 and the lower layer water tank 511, the upper layer water tank is provided with a water outlet pipe which penetrates through the outer cylinder body, the water outlet is connected with the cooling device, the lower layer water tank is provided with a water inlet pipe which penetrates through the outer cylinder body, and the water inlet pipe is connected with the cooling device.

Two horizontal partition plates are arranged in a gap between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder to divide the gap into three layers, wherein an upper water tank is formed between the upper partition plate and the inner wall of the outer cylinder as well as between the upper partition plate and the outer wall of the inner cylinder, and the water tank is annular; a lower water tank is formed between the lower partition plate and the inner wall of the outer cylinder; the cavity in the middle layer forms a turbid gas chamber 56, the turbid gas chamber 56 is communicated with the flue gas inlet, and the waste liquid discharge port 54 is positioned at the bottommost part of the flue gas chamber.

A washing water inlet is also arranged on the turbid air chamber, and the clear water inlet is connected with a cooling device; the cooling device comprises a cooling water tank 61 and a water pump 62, the water pump 62 pumps water of the cooling water tank, a cleaning water inlet of the turbid air chamber is connected with a water inlet pipe orifice of the lower-layer water tank and a water outlet pipe 63 of the water pump, and a water outlet pipe orifice of the upper-layer water tank is connected with the cooling water tank through a water pipe 51. The cleaning chamber can be cleaned by cooling water.