阅读说明：本技术 一种水流示踪实时监测系统与测速方法 (Water flow tracing real-time monitoring system and speed measuring method ) 是由 王先伟 汪家意 方勇军 郭昱 余琪 于 2020-05-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种水流示踪实时监测系统与测速方法。水流示踪实时监测系统包括水流示踪球,水流示踪球包括定位模块、通信模块、控制模块、供电模块和球形防水外壳。定位模块用于定时或不定时地获取水流示踪球所在位置与时间数据,控制模块用于缓存定位数据以及时间数据,通信模块定时或不定时地发送定位和时间数据给云平台监测系统,球形防水外壳以一定的浸水比浮于水面。水流示踪球的制作成本低、续航时间长,测速操作简单、自动化程度较高,能够更好地适应溃堤、洪峰、海湾流场、感潮河流的潮区界和潮流界、口门水道的双向射流以及风暴潮等极端场景和特殊地形水域的表面流速流场测量。本发明属于水文数据测量技术领域。(The invention discloses a water flow tracing real-time monitoring system and a speed measuring method. The water flow tracing real-time monitoring system comprises a water flow tracing ball, wherein the water flow tracing ball comprises a positioning module, a communication module, a control module, a power supply module and a spherical waterproof shell. The positioning module is used for regularly or irregularly acquiring the position and time data of the water flow tracer ball, the control module is used for caching the positioning data and the time data, the communication module regularly or irregularly sends the positioning data and the time data to the cloud platform monitoring system, and the spherical waterproof shell floats on the water surface in a certain immersion ratio. The water flow tracer ball has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, long endurance time, simple speed measurement operation and higher automation degree, and can better adapt to the measurement of surface flow velocity flow fields of extreme scenes such as breakwater, flood peak, gulf flow field, tidal zone boundary and tidal flow boundary of tidal rivers, bidirectional jet flow of water channels at mouths, storm surge and the like and special topographic waters. The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrological data measurement.)

1. A water flow tracing real-time monitoring system, comprising at least one water flow tracing ball, said water flow tracing ball comprising:

the positioning module is used for acquiring the position data of the water flow tracer ball at regular time or irregular time, and the cloud platform can measure and calculate the moving speed of the water flow tracer ball according to the position data and the time interval sent back by the water flow tracer ball;

the communication module is used for data communication between the water flow tracer ball and the cloud platform;

the control module is respectively connected with the positioning module and the communication module, and is used for caching positioning data and time data corresponding to the positioning data and sending the positioning data and the time data to the cloud platform at regular time or irregular time through the communication module;

the power supply module is used for supplying power to the positioning module, the communication module and the control module;

the spherical waterproof shell is used for encapsulating the positioning module, the communication module, the control module and the power supply module; the spherical waterproof shell floats on the water surface in a certain immersion ratio when placed in a water body.

2. The water flow tracing real-time monitoring system of claim 1, wherein said water flow tracing ball further comprises:

the magnet switch is connected between the power supply module and the load and used for being switched on or switched off under the trigger of an external magnetic field; the load comprises at least one of a positioning module, a communication module, or a control module;

the magnet switch comprises a reed and a PCD/SMD sensor, the reed is connected between the power supply module and a load, and the PCD/SMD sensor is used for driving the reed to be switched on or off under the trigger of an external magnetic field;

the magnet switch is encapsulated within the spherical waterproof housing.

3. A water flow tracing real-time monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said water flow tracing ball determines a submergence ratio;

the optimal submergence ratio of the water flow tracer ball is related to the size and the total mass of the water flow tracer ball, and the submergence ratio is determined through synchronous speed measurement experiments of different water flow velocimeters on site.

4. A water flow velocity measurement method is characterized in that a cloud platform is used for executing the following steps:

receiving position and time information sent back by a water flow tracer ball according to any one of claims 1-3;

measuring and calculating the moving speed of the water flow tracer ball;

inquiring and displaying the moving track and the instantaneous speed of the water flow tracer ball;

and the position, time and speed of the water flow tracer ball are remotely logged in on line by a user, monitored and downloaded in real time.

5. A method as claimed in claim 4, further comprising:

determining the instantaneous moving speed of the water flow tracer ball; the instantaneous moving speed is within a preset time range, and the instantaneous moving speed is the ratio of the moving distance of the water flow tracer ball to the moving time;

determining a running average of the water flow tracer ball over 5 minutes from the reported instantaneous velocity per minute of the water flow tracer ball;

determining the flow direction according to the relative positions of the water flow tracer ball at two moments;

and determining the water flow speed according to the water flow tracer ball movement speed multiplied by the following coefficient f.

6. A method as claimed in claim 4, further comprising:

determining a time-interval average velocity of the water flow tracer ball: the time interval average speed is the ratio of the distance and the time of the water flow tracer ball moving in the time interval, the distance is the sum of the distance between the first positioning data and the second positioning data, the distance between the second positioning data and the third positioning data, the distance between the last positioning data and the last positioning data of the water flow tracer ball in the time interval, and the time is determined by the difference between the time corresponding to the first positioning data and the time of the last positioning data of the water flow tracer ball in the time interval.

7. A method as claimed in claim 4, further comprising:

performing comparative analysis based on the position of the river reach where the water flow tracer ball is located, the tide time and the moving track, and removing abnormal speed values;

and determining reasonable water flow speed values at different positions of the river section.

8. A water flow velocity measurement method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

throwing a plurality of water flow tracer balls according to any one of claims 1-3 into a body of water;

the cloud platform receives positioning and time data sent by the water flow tracer ball, and determines the position and the track of the water flow tracer ball;

the cloud platform automatically calculates the moving distance, the time, the instantaneous moving speed and the water flow speed of the water flow tracer ball according to the position and the moment of the received water flow tracer ball at different times;

and receiving the login of a user on the cloud platform, remotely monitoring, inquiring and displaying the moving track and the instantaneous speed of the water flow tracer ball in real time on line, and downloading the various data.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological data measurement, in particular to a water flow tracing real-time monitoring system and a speed measuring method.

Background

The water flow velocity is an important parameter to be obtained when hydrological observation is carried out on water bodies such as rivers, lakes and seas. At present, various river water flow velocity measuring instruments exist in the water conservancy industry, and in the prior art, instruments such as a buoy, a rotor current meter, a handheld radar velocimeter, an acoustic Doppler profile current meter and the like are generally used for measuring the water flow velocity. The traditional buoy measuring technology needs to arrange a buoy at a specific position on the water surface, calculates the water flow speed by using a geometric method, and has limited measuring position and low efficiency; in recent years, a buoy flow velocity measurement method improved by combining a GPS satellite positioning technology and an Internet of things technology has great progress, but certain limitations still exist in the aspects of flow velocity measurement and cost efficiency; the rotor current meter can only measure the current speed of a specific offshore water body generally, and can measure the current speed far away from a river bank by means of carrier tools such as ships or steel cables; the handheld radar velocimeter can only measure the water flow velocity within the range of 50m near the shore generally, the application range is limited, and the flow velocity of medium and large rivers is difficult to measure; the acoustic Doppler profile current meter is expensive, can be used for measurement only by means of carrier tools such as ships or steel cables and is high in measurement cost, so that the acoustic Doppler profile current meter is not suitable for measurement occasions with instrument loss possibility such as breakwater and flood flooding. The various flow velocity measuring instruments have the advantages of being suitable for different surveying and mapping scenes and purposes, but have certain limitations, such as expensive equipment, high monitoring cost and the like, and are difficult to meet the requirements of real-time monitoring and large-scale accurate measurement of the flow velocity of the river water body under extreme conditions of flood, storm surge and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of at least one of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a water flow tracing real-time monitoring system and a speed measuring method.

In one aspect, embodiments of the present invention include a water flow tracing real-time monitoring system including at least one water flow tracing ball, the water flow tracing ball including:

a positioning module: the cloud platform can measure and calculate the moving speed of the water flow tracer ball according to the position and the time interval of the water flow tracer ball sent back;

a communication module: the system is used for data communication between the water flow tracer ball and the cloud platform;

a control module: the communication module is connected with the positioning module and the communication module respectively and used for caching positioning data and time data corresponding to the positioning data and sending the positioning data and the time data to the cloud platform at regular time or irregular time;

a power supply module: providing power supply for each module of the water flow tracer ball;

spherical protective housing: the positioning module, the communication module, the control module and the power supply module are packaged in the shell; the spherical waterproof shell floats on the water surface in a certain immersion ratio when placed in a water body.

Further, the water flow tracer ball further comprises:

the magnet switch is connected between the power supply module and the load and used for being switched on or switched off under the trigger of an external magnetic field; the load comprises at least one of the positioning module, the communication module, or the control module.

The magnet switch is encapsulated within the spherical waterproof housing.

Further, the magnet switch comprises a reed and a PCD/SMD sensor, the reed is connected between the power supply module and a load, and the PCD/SMD sensor is used for driving the reed to be switched on or off under the trigger of an external magnetic field.

Further, determining the optimal soaking ratio (k) of the water flow tracer ball through synchronous speed measurement experiments of different flow velocity meters on the river channel site, wherein the ratio is closely related to the size and the total mass of the water flow tracer ball; the optimal water immersion ratio enables the water flow tracer ball to be relatively stable to water flow following, ensures that the moving speed of the water flow tracer ball can be closest to the characteristic water flow speed, and reduces the speed measurement error. The value of the following coefficient (f) is closely related to the immersion ratio (k) and is influenced by weather, particularly wind speed, and the following coefficient (f) of the water flow tracer ball can be influenced by ship traveling waves on a river channel. Through a plurality of synchronous measurement tests of different riverways and various flow velocity meters in the field, the value ranges of the two are suggested as follows: k e (0.65, 0.95) and f e (0.90-1.20).

On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention relates to a water flow tracing real-time monitoring system and a speed measuring method, which at least comprises a set of remote real-time monitoring system and a set of remote real-time monitoring method:

cloud platform: the system is not provided with a separate server, is arranged on a public cloud platform, and is used for receiving the position and time information sent back by the water flow tracer ball, measuring and calculating the moving speed of the water flow tracer ball, inquiring and displaying the moving track and the instantaneous speed of the water flow tracer ball, allowing a user to log in on line, monitor and download data such as the position, time, speed and the like of the water flow tracer ball in real time, and determining the water flow speed according to the space-time distribution of each water flow tracer ball.

Further, the remote real-time monitoring system and the speed measuring method at least comprise a speed measuring method, wherein the method for determining the water flow speed according to the position and time information sent back by the water flow tracer ball comprises the following steps:

determining the instantaneous moving speed of the water flow tracer ball: the instantaneous moving speed is the ratio of the moving distance of the water flow tracer ball to the moving time within a short time range, such as every 1 minute; in order to reduce the instantaneous speed deviation caused by the positioning deviation of the water flow tracer ball, the instantaneous speed of the water flow tracer ball reported in each minute is a sliding average value within 5 minutes, namely the instantaneous speed of the water flow tracer ball reported in the 6 th minute is the ratio of the moving distance (m) between the 2 nd minute and the 6 th minute to the time (300s), and the relative position (x) of the water flow tracer ball at two moments is determined according to the instantaneous speed of the water flow tracer ball₂，y₂) And (x)₁，y₁) Determining a flow direction (θ); velocity of water flow (V)_w) Equal to the moving speed (V) of the water flow tracer ball_b) Multiplying by a following coefficient (f) as shown in equations (1) and (2):

V_w＝fV_b(1)

when y is₂≥y₁When theta is located in the first and second quadrants; y is₂<y₁And theta is located in the third and fourth quadrants.

Further, the remote real-time monitoring system and the speed measuring method at least comprise a speed measuring method, and the method for determining the water flow speed measurement and calculation according to the position and time information sent back by the water flow tracer ball comprises the following steps:

determining an interval (time period) average velocity of the water flow tracer ball: the average speed of the interval (time interval) is the ratio of the total distance of the movement of the water flow tracer ball in the interval (time interval) to the interval time, the distance of the interval (time interval) is determined by the first positioning data and the last positioning data of the water flow tracer ball in the interval (time interval), and the time of the interval (time interval) is determined by the difference between the moment corresponding to the first positioning data and the moment corresponding to the last positioning data of the water flow tracer ball in the interval (time interval). The water flow velocity is equal to the water flow tracer ball movement velocity multiplied by the follower coefficient, see equation (1).

Further, the remote real-time monitoring system and the speed measuring method at least comprise a speed measuring method, and the cloud platform determines the water flow speed measuring and calculating method according to the position and time information sent back by the water flow tracer ball, and the method comprises the following steps:

removing speed abnormal value: the velocity of the river current is affected by a number of factors, such as the position of the river cross section: large middle, small near shore), tidal time of tidal river reach: the flow directions are opposite when rising and falling tide occur, the speed values are the maximum when rising and falling tide occur, and the speed values are close to zero when flat tide and low tide occur; and performing comparative analysis based on the position of the river reach where the water flow tracer ball is located, the tide time and the moving track, eliminating abnormal speed values, and determining reasonable water flow speed values of different positions of the river section.

Taking the calculation of the average flow velocity in hours as an example, the abnormal value of the instantaneous distance is removed, and the average velocity is solved. The hourly average velocity of the water flow tracer ball refers to the ratio of the distance traveled by the water flow tracer ball to the time over a time period of one hour, the time period travel distance is the sum of the distances traveled by the water flow tracer ball per minute during the hour, and the time is 3600 s.

When the sum of the distances within the hour range is calculated, the quality of the distance moved by the water flow tracer ball in every minute needs to be evaluated, and the speed measurement error caused by the positioning error is reduced, as shown in formula (3):

S₀represents the average moving distance of the water flow tracer ball every 1 (or 2-5) minutes in the hour, S_iRepresents the distance moved by the flow tracer ball in the ith minute, and a represents the absolute value of the average distance (anomaly) of the distance moved by the flow tracer ball in the ith minute in the hour range. If a is greater than 25% (other thresholds may be set as desired), then S is rejected_i(ii) a And recalculate S for the hour range₀And using a new S in combination₀Replacing rejected S_iCalculating the sum of the distances of the water flow tracer ball moving in the hour range, and then calculating the average speed value V of the water flow tracer ball moving in the hour range_bAs shown in equation (4): .

Through the quality inspection and screening of the formula (1), abnormal values of the moving distance of the water flow tracer ball in every minute can be eliminated, and the accuracy and reliability of the speed value calculated by the formula (4) are ensured. When the distance S_iWhen the time interval is 1 minute, n is 60; at 5 minutes, n is 12; in order to reduce the distance accumulation error caused by the positioning error, the distance S is suggested_iThe optimum time interval of (a) is 3 to 5 minutes. The water flow velocity is equal to the water flow tracer ball movement velocity multiplied by the follower coefficient, see equation (1).

The invention has the beneficial effects that: in the embodiment, the 'water flow tracing real-time monitoring system and speed measuring method' is different from the traditional remote monitoring method in that a separate monitoring server needs to be arranged. The water flow tracer ball has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, long endurance time, simple speed measurement operation and higher automation degree. The optimal soaking ratio and the following performance of the water flow tracer ball are optimized, a speed measuring method is designed, abnormal values are eliminated, and the accuracy and the reliability of measured data are guaranteed. Besides tracing and monitoring conventional water flow and measuring speed, the method can also carry out large-range real-time monitoring on the flow velocity and the flow direction of extreme water flow environments such as flood peaks, storm tides and the like, can better adapt to extreme scenes and special terrains such as dam break, flood, bay flow fields, tidal zone boundaries and tidal flow boundaries of tidal rivers, bidirectional jet flow of water channels at mouths, storm tides and the like, and has wide application prospect and huge social and economic values.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a diagram of a water flow tracer ball positioning device in example 1.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the water flow tracer ball in example 1 in an on/off manner.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the movement locus of a water flow tracer ball in a water body when the flow velocity of a river channel is measured in embodiment 3.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the instantaneous flow rate measured when the river flow rate measurement is performed in example 3.

Figure 5 is a graph of the hourly average flow rate as measured when river flow measurements were made in example 3.

Detailed Description