阅读说明：本技术 一种圣女果的绿色生态种植方法 (Green ecological planting method for cherry tomatoes ) 是由 张德楠 徐广平 滕秋梅 段春燕 陈霞霞 何成新 周颐荣 林立 于 2020-07-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种圣女果的绿色生态种植方法,属于农作物种植技术领域。该方法包括：1)整地：在种植地的表土上均匀撒施特别配制的耕前肥料,然后深翻土壤,浇透水后覆膜；2)开畦：在畦上的种植穴中施入复合微生物肥；3)定植；4)整枝；5)管理：在植株生长期间,每隔一定时间喷施一次液体喷剂并施用一次灌根营养液,其中,所述的液体喷剂包括叶面肥、生物盾Ⅰ号和生物盾Ⅱ号,所述的灌根营养液为金水土黑白液；每一株植株保留生长健壮的花穗7～8枝,每穗选留坐果良好的5～6个果；在植株开花后结果前喷施植物生长调节剂。本发明所述方法在保证圣女果基本不减产的同时显著提升其品质,且肥料成本低。(The invention discloses a green ecological planting method of cherry tomatoes, and belongs to the technical field of crop planting. The method comprises the following steps: 1) land preparation: uniformly spreading a specially prepared pre-ploughing fertilizer on the surface soil of the planting field, then deeply ploughing the soil, and covering a film after watering thoroughly; 2) ridging: applying compound microbial fertilizer in the planting holes on the ridges; 3) planting; 4) pruning; 5) management: spraying a liquid spray and applying a root irrigation nutrient solution once every certain time during the growth period of a plant, wherein the liquid spray comprises a foliar fertilizer, a biological shield I and a biological shield II, and the root irrigation nutrient solution is a golden water soil black and white liquid; each plant retains 7-8 robust flower ears, and each ear retains 5-6 good fruit; and spraying a plant growth regulator after the plant blooms and before the plant fruits. The method provided by the invention can ensure that the yield of the cherry tomatoes is not reduced basically, meanwhile, the quality of the cherry tomatoes is improved obviously, and the fertilizer cost is low.)

1. A green ecological planting method of cherry tomatoes comprises the following steps:

1) land preparation: uniformly spreading a pre-ploughing fertilizer on the surface soil of the planting field, then deeply ploughing the soil, and covering a film after thoroughly watering; the types and application standards of the pre-ploughing fertilizer are as follows: 35-45 kg/mu of gold soil enzyme, 180-250 kg/mu of rice bran powder and 150-180 kg/mu of composite microbial fertilizer;

2) ridging: lifting the film and making beds, digging two rows of planting holes on each bed, and applying 80-100 g of compound microbial fertilizer in each planting hole;

3) planting: transplanting cherry tomato seedlings into planting holes, covering roots with soil, and watering after transplanting is finished;

4) pruning: erecting a support shaped like a Chinese character tian when the support needs to be built; when the plant height of the plant is lower than or equal to 40cm, only the trunk is reserved, and all the lateral branches are removed; when the plant height of the plant exceeds 40cm, the lateral branches under the first inflorescence and the second inflorescence are remained except the main stem, and the rest lateral branches are completely removed;

5) management: spraying a liquid spray and applying a root irrigation nutrient solution once every certain time during the growth period of a plant, wherein the liquid spray comprises a foliar fertilizer, a biological shield I and a biological shield II, and the root irrigation nutrient solution is a golden water soil black and white liquid; each plant retains 7-8 robust flower ears, and each ear retains 5-6 good fruit; and spraying a plant growth regulator after the plant blooms and before the plant fruits.

2. The green ecological planting method of cherry tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the film covering time is 10-20 days.

3. The green ecological planting method of cherry tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the types and application standards of the pre-cultivation fertilizer are as follows: 40 kg/mu of golden soil ferment, 200 kg/mu of rice bran powder and 160 kg/mu of compound microbial fertilizer.

4. The green ecological planting method of cherry tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the liquid spray is sprayed and the root-irrigation nutrient solution is applied once every 10-15 days.

5. The method for ecologically and green planting of cherry tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 5), said plant growth regulator is benzalkonium chloride.

6. A green ecological planting method for cherry tomatoes according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein organic fertilizer is applied for 1 time and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied for 3 to 6 times during the growth period of the plants.

7. The green ecological planting method of cherry tomatoes as claimed in claim 6, wherein the standard of application of the organic fertilizer is 800-1000 kg/mu, and the application time is 15-20 days after field planting.

8. The green ecological planting method of cherry tomatoes as claimed in claim 6, wherein the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied in a standard of 12-20 kg/mu, and the application time is that the roots of the first batch of fruits are irrigated once every 8-12 days from the beginning of field planting.

Technical Field

The invention relates to crop planting, in particular to a green ecological planting method of cherry tomatoes.

Background

The cherry tomato is a dual-purpose food of fruits and vegetables, has small fruit shape, is similar to cherry, has rich pulp, fresh and sweet taste, unique flavor and rich nutrition, also has the effects of promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, clearing away heat and toxic materials, invigorating stomach and promoting digestion and the like, and becomes a novel fruit in countries and regions such as Europe and America, Japan and the like in recent years.

The cherry tomatoes are annual herbaceous plants, are suitable for being planted in soil with strong illumination and deep soil layers, and are preferably cultivated in soil with rich organic matters, deep ploughing layers, good structure, looseness and ventilation. According to the traditional cherry tomato greenhouse cultivation technology, due to the fact that various pathogenic bacteria are continuously accumulated in soil in the planting process in successive years, continuous cropping obstacles occur, the yield is seriously affected, the quality is also reduced, and if pesticides are adopted for killing insects, the problem of pesticide residue exists. In addition, the existing cherry tomato planting technology not only increases the production cost due to long-term single and excessive application of the chemical fertilizer, but also causes soil acidification and salinization, reduction of organic matter content, soil fertility and trace element attenuation, soil erosion and hardening, and seriously affects the growth, yield and quality of crops. The excessive fertilization or the too dense fertilization time influences the yield and the quality of the cherry tomatoes.

The invention patent with publication number CN108235932A discloses a cultivation method capable of obtaining green organic cherry tomatoes, which adopts decomposed organic matrix to provide sufficient nutrients for the cherry tomatoes, and adopts red-blue mixed light irradiation to promote the growth of the cherry tomatoes and increase the sweetness of the cherry tomatoes; the problem of pesticide residue is solved by regularly spraying the traditional Chinese medicine decoction to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests, so that the green organic cherry tomatoes are obtained. However, this method requires irradiation with red-blue mixed light every day, and requires a time of 8 hours or more, which is expensive. The invention patent of publication No. CN108739128A discloses a cherry tomato planting method, which solves the problems of poor quality and low yield of cherry tomatoes caused by fruit type deformity existing in current planting by specifically limiting each step from seed selection to pruning, and analyzes the influence of sowing of various varieties on cherry tomato malformation rate, cherry tomato soluble sugar, soluble protein and total yield at different periods, but does not limit the manner of applying fertilizer before planting and controlling pests during plant growth.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a green ecological planting method for cherry tomatoes, which has the advantages that the yield is basically not reduced, the product quality is obviously improved and the fertilizer cost is low compared with the conventional planting method.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a green ecological planting method of cherry tomatoes comprises the following steps:

1) land preparation: uniformly spreading a pre-ploughing fertilizer on the surface soil of the planting field, then deeply ploughing the soil, and covering a film after thoroughly watering; the types and application standards of the pre-ploughing fertilizer are as follows: 35-45 kg/mu of gold soil enzyme, 180-250 kg/mu of rice bran powder and 150-180 kg/mu of composite microbial fertilizer;

2) ridging: lifting the film and making beds, digging two rows of planting holes on each bed, and applying 80-100 g of compound microbial fertilizer into each planting hole;

3) planting: transplanting cherry tomato seedlings into planting holes, covering roots with soil, and watering after transplanting is finished;

4) pruning: erecting a support shaped like a Chinese character tian when the support needs to be built; when the plant height of the plant is lower than or equal to 40cm, only the trunk is reserved, and all the lateral branches are removed; when the plant height of the plant exceeds 40cm, the lateral branches under the first inflorescence and the second inflorescence are remained except the main stem, and the rest lateral branches are completely removed;

5) management: spraying a liquid spray and applying a root irrigation nutrient solution once every certain time during the growth period of a plant, wherein the liquid spray comprises a foliar fertilizer, a biological shield I and a biological shield II, and the root irrigation nutrient solution is a golden water soil black and white liquid; each plant retains 7-8 robust flower ears, and each ear retains 5-6 good fruit; and spraying a plant growth regulator after the plant blooms and before the plant fruits.

In the step 1) of the method, the selection of the planting land is the same as that of the prior art, and particularly, the ventilating, sunny and deep soil layer land with good drainage is selected as the cherry tomato planting land. The pre-tillage fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing various fertilizers and then uniformly spreading the mixed fertilizers on the surface soil of a planting field, and the types and application standards of the pre-tillage fertilizer are preferably as follows: 40 kg/mu of golden soil ferment, 200 kg/mu of rice bran powder and 160 kg/mu of compound microbial fertilizer. And deeply ploughing the soil after fertilizer application before ploughing is finished, wherein the ploughing depth is preferably more than 30cm, and after ploughing is finished, covering the film for preferably 10-20 days, and more preferably 15 days.

In the step 2) of the method, the ridge making operation is the same as that in the prior art, specifically, ridges with the height of 40-50 cm and the width of 100-120 cm are made, black films are covered on the ridges, and the ridge distance is preferably 30-40 cm; a double-row cultivation mode is adopted on the ridges, namely two rows of planting holes are dug in each ridge, the row spacing in each ridge is 40-50 cm, and the plant spacing is 40-45 cm. Before transplanting seedlings, 80-100 g of compound microbial fertilizer is applied to each planting hole.

In the step 3) of the method, the cherry tomato seedlings can be any variety of grafted seedlings, tissue culture seedlings or robust seedlings obtained by natural germination and growth of seeds. The height of the cherry tomato seedlings is usually 15-25 cm.

In the step 4) of the method, a frame is usually built when the plant grows to a height of 30-40 cm, and a vertical frame shaped like a Chinese character 'tian' is preferred in the application, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: inserting one bamboo rod with the length of 2-2.5 m into each plant, folding and binding 4 adjacent bamboo rods on each furrow into a frame, connecting the positions, which are 30cm, 90cm and 150cm away from the ground, of the bamboo rods on each frame by thin lines respectively, and tightly binding. When the plant height of the plant is lower than or equal to 40cm, only the trunk is reserved, and all the lateral branches are removed; when the plant height exceeds 40cm, the lateral branches under the first inflorescence and the second inflorescence are remained except the main stem, and the rest lateral branches are completely removed.

In the step 5) of the method, the liquid spray is sprayed and the root-irrigation nutrient solution is applied once every 10-15 days. The foliar fertilizer, the biological shield I and the biological shield II in the liquid spray can be mixed together for spraying, and according to common knowledge, the foliar fertilizer, the biological shield I and the biological shield II are diluted according to the instructions of the product before spraying, specifically, the foliar fertilizer is diluted by 300-500 times for use, the biological shield I is diluted by 200-500 times for use, and the biological shield II is diluted by 200-500 times for use. When the foliar fertilizer, the biological shield I and the biological shield II are mixed and sprayed, the mixing proportion of the foliar fertilizer, the biological shield I and the biological shield II is preferably 1: 0.5: 0.5 (volume ratio). The root irrigation nutrient solution is a golden water soil black and white liquid (composed of a black liquid and a white liquid), and is diluted according to the product use instruction before root irrigation, specifically, the black liquid and the white liquid are mixed in equal volume, water is added according to the amount of the black liquid to dilute by 200-300 times, and the mixture is stirred uniformly and then irrigated to the root part.

In the step 5) of the method, the plant growth regulator is sprayed for promoting flower bud differentiation and growth, so as to improve fruit setting rate and protect flowers and fruits, the selection is the same as that in the prior art, and the plant growth regulator is preferably selected from the benayakinic acid (the total effective component content is 3.6%, the benayakimine content is 1.8%, and the content of the gibberellic acid A4+ A7 is 1.8%). The spraying frequency is 3-5 times, and each time is 7-10 days.

In the step 5) of the method, old leaves below the harvested clusters are removed in order to improve the quality of the cherry tomatoes, enhance the illumination, promote the ventilation and prevent diseases.

In the method, the related gold-soil enzyme, the compound microbial fertilizer, the biological shield I, the biological shield II and the gold-water-soil black and white liquid are all commercially available products, and are preferably related products produced by ETS (Tianjin) Biotechnology development Limited.

As an improvement of the method, the organic fertilizer and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer are preferably applied for 1 time and 3-6 times during the growth period of the plants, so that the continuous growth of the plants and the fruit yield are guaranteed. The organic fertilizer is the same as the prior art, such as human excrement, stable manure, compost, green manure, cake manure or biogas manure and the like. The application standard of the organic fertilizer is preferably controlled to be 800-1000 kg/mu, and the fertilization time is usually 15-20 days after planting. The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is dissolved in water and then irrigated to roots in the form of aqueous solution, the application standard of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 12-20 kg/mu, and the fertilization timing is that the roots are irrigated once every 8-12 days or even longer from the beginning of field planting to the ripening of the first batch of fruits; when the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is prepared to the concentration of 0.02g/ml, the application amount of each plant is 50ml when root irrigation is carried out each time, so as to ensure the nutritional requirements of normal growth, flowering and fruit setting of the plants.

Compared with the prior art, the invention reasonably matches the fertilizer before plowing, applies a specific amount of compound microbial fertilizer before planting and combines the planting technical operation limited by each stage, on one hand, the combination of the fertilizer is utilized to ensure that secondary metabolites (such as hormone substances and the like) generated by the life activities of beneficial microbes per se increase the supply of plant nutrient elements, enhance the activity of the root system of the plant and the absorption area of the root system, improve the content of organic substances and quick-acting nutrients in soil, stimulate the growth of leaves, promote the absorption and utilization of the nutrient elements by the plant, and improve the nutrient status in the plant so as to greatly improve the indexes of soluble reducing sugar, carotene, sweetness, VC, VE and the like in fruits, and most importantly, the applicant finds that the content of nitrate in the fruits can be obviously reduced by adopting the fertilizer matching and the planting technical matching limited by the invention, the quality of the product is obviously improved. On the other hand, the reasonable selection and matching of the fertilizer also improves the physical and chemical properties and permeability conditions of the soil, reduces the acidification and salinization of the soil and lightens the harm of diseases and pests to plants. Moreover, the reasonable matching of the fertilizer in the method effectively reduces the fertilizer cost under the condition of ensuring that the yield of crops is not reduced basically.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be better understood from the following detailed description of specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

The soil enzyme, the compound microbial fertilizer, the biogenic shield I, the biogenic shield II and the Jinshui soil black and white liquid which are all produced by ETS (Tianjin) Biotechnology development Limited.