阅读说明：本技术 一种防止蔬菜虫害及预防方法 (Vegetable insect pest prevention and prevention method ) 是由 李绪清 于 2021-06-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及蔬菜虫害防治技术领域,具体是一种防止蔬菜虫害及预防方法,包括如下步骤：S1,特征提取：对蔬菜作物种子进行判断；S2,方法选择：基于上述特征提取步骤,判断蔬菜作物种子是否使用伴生植物法或药剂除虫法；S3,伴生植物法：基于特征提取及方法选择,采用伴生植物法把不同成分的蔬菜作物套种在一起,利用植物所含有的成分不同,让害虫不能接近；S4,药剂除虫法：基于特征提取及方法选择,采用药剂除虫法将配制好的药剂向蔬菜作物喷洒。本发明能够通过伴生植物法可以减少农药的使用,从而减少农药对蔬菜作物的影响,同类驱除法使害虫闻到同类死亡的产生的挥发性物质,就会拒食饿死或感染病菌致死,能有效防杀害虫,降低成本。(The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable pest control, in particular to a vegetable pest control and prevention method, which comprises the following steps: s1, feature extraction: judging vegetable crop seeds; s2, method selection: judging whether the vegetable crop seeds use an associated plant method or a medicament deinsectization method or not based on the characteristic extraction step; s3, companion plant method: based on the characteristic extraction and method selection, vegetable crops with different components are interplanted together by adopting an associated plant method, and pests cannot approach the vegetable crops by utilizing the different components contained in the plants; s4, insecticide disinsection method: based on the characteristic extraction and the method selection, the prepared pesticide is sprayed to the vegetable crops by a pesticide disinsection method. The method can reduce the use of pesticides by an associated plant method, thereby reducing the influence of the pesticides on vegetable crops, and the similar expelling method can lead pests to eat volatile substances generated by similar death, so that the pests can refuse to eat and starve or be infected with germs to die, thereby effectively preventing and killing the pests and reducing the cost.)

1. A method for preventing vegetable insect pests is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, feature extraction: judging vegetable crop seeds, and judging whether the seeds contain the combination of green pepper and garlic, tomato and cabbage or onion and carrot;

s2, method selection: based on the characteristic extraction step, judging whether the vegetable crop seeds use an associated plant method or a medicament deinsectization method, if the combination of the green pepper and the garlic, the tomato and the cabbage or the onion and the carrot exists, using the associated plant method, and if the combination of the green pepper and the garlic, the tomato and the cabbage or the onion and the carrot does not exist, using the medicament deinsectization method;

s3, companion plant method: based on the characteristic extraction and method selection, vegetable crops with different components are interplanted together by adopting an associated plant method, and pests cannot approach the vegetable crops by utilizing the different components contained in the plants;

s4, insecticide disinsection method: based on the characteristic extraction and the method selection, the prepared pesticide is sprayed to the vegetable crops by a pesticide disinsection method;

s41, selection of pesticide: based on the types of main pests of the vegetable crops, judging whether the vegetable crops use a 'same-class elimination method' or a 'urea pest control method', if the pests are cabbage caterpillar, armyworm, cotton bollworm or cutworm, using the same-class elimination method, and if the pests are not any one of the cabbage caterpillar, the armyworm, the cotton bollworm or the cutworm, using the urea pest control method;

s42, same-kind driving method: collecting carcasses of the same kind of pests, and preparing adult carcass liquid to spray the carcasses on vegetable plants to repel the pests;

s43, urea pest control method: the washing powder, urea and water are mixed and prepared, and the prepared insect repellant is sprayed on vegetable plants to control pests.

2. The method for preventing vegetable pests according to claim 1, wherein the method of accompanying plants comprises the following steps:

s31, intercropping green pepper and garlic: because the garlic contains the allicin, pests which are harmful to the green pepper can escape after smelling the garlic, and the green pepper is prevented from being damaged;

s32, interplanting of tomatoes and cabbages: the leaves of the tomato give off a special odor and can repel cabbage caterpillars and aphids which are harmful to cabbage. In addition, the nutrition absorbed by the two vegetables has strong complementarity, and the soil fertility can be fully exerted;

s33, intercropping onion and carrot: the odor emitted by each of them can drive away the pests. If the carrot is singly planted, in order to prevent insect damage, a plurality of onions can be planted in the ground or around the ground, and the effect of expelling insects can be achieved.

3. A method of combating insect infestation on vegetables and preventing the same according to claim 1, wherein: the similar repelling method comprises the following specific steps:

s421, when preparing, smashing a cabbage worm corpse, an armyworm corpse, a cotton bollworm corpse or a cutworm corpse, adding 2 times of water to soak for 20 hours, filtering to obtain a worm corpse liquid, diluting the worm corpse liquid with the rest water, adding washing powder to stir uniformly, and finally packaging to obtain the worm corpse liquid;

s422, during spraying, the prepared insect corpse liquid is filled into a pesticide storage tank and matched with a spray head to be sprayed in the field, and 12 g of insect corpse liquid is sprayed on each square meter of land on average.

4. A method of combating insect infestation on vegetables and preventing the same according to claim 1, wherein: the urea insect control method comprises the following specific steps:

s431, mixing washing powder, urea and water to prepare a urea insecticide during preparation;

s422, during spraying, spraying 2% of calcium superphosphate or 2% of lime water leachate on the land, then filling the prepared urea insecticide into a pesticide storage tank, matching with a spray head, spraying in the field, and spraying 12 g of urea insecticide per square meter of land on average.

5. A method of combating insect infestation on vegetables and preventing same according to claim 4, wherein: the mixing proportion of the washing powder, the urea and the water in the urea insecticide is 1:2: 200.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable pest control, in particular to a vegetable pest control method.

Background

In agriculture, diseases and pests are common problems in agriculture, and often have adverse effects on agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and the like. The pesticide is a chemical agent used for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests and regulating plant growth in agriculture, and is widely used for agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry production, environmental and household sanitation pest and disease control, industrial product mildew and moth prevention and the like.

Vegetable insect pests are very painful for vegetable growers, and if the insect pests are solved by using a traditional pesticide spraying mode, the quality of vegetables is affected by pesticide residues.

Chinese patent No. CN108834690A discloses a comprehensive prevention and control method for diseases, pests and weeds of nuisance-free sweet potatoes, which comprises the following steps: s1, ploughing and weeding; s2, ploughing and drying the land, and sterilizing and removing worm eggs; s3, preventing underground insect pests before ridging; s4, sterilizing seedlings, and preventing diseases and insect pests; s5, weeding in a closed manner after planting; s6, preventing diseases and insects after seedling revival; s7, intertillage weeding and underground pest control; according to the plant protection policy of 'prevention is main and comprehensive control', and the harmless control principle of 'biological prevention is main and chemical prevention is auxiliary', comprehensive prevention and control measures from preparation, land preparation and seedling treatment to the whole growth period are formulated, so that the prevention and control work is carried out on diseases, insects and weeds in sweet potato planting during preparation, and the conditions that the sweet potato yield is reduced, pesticide residues are increased and the like due to pesticide application after insect pests are found are avoided; the invention can improve the yield and quality of the sweet potatoes, reduce the using amount and the residue of pesticides, protect the natural ecological environment and meet the requirement of developing sustainable green agriculture.

In the prior art, the following problems exist:

(1) the traditional pesticide spraying mode is used for solving insect pests, and the quality of vegetables is influenced by pesticide residues;

(2) the traditional pesticide spraying mode is used for expelling insects, damages can be caused to soil, and is not beneficial to the continuous growth of crops.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to a method for preventing vegetable pests and preventing the same, which solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for preventing vegetable insect pests comprises the following steps:

s1, feature extraction: judging vegetable crop seeds, and judging whether the seeds contain the combination of green pepper and garlic, tomato and cabbage or onion and carrot;

s2, method selection: based on the characteristic extraction step, judging whether the vegetable crop seeds use an associated plant method or a medicament deinsectization method, if the combination of the green pepper and the garlic, the tomato and the cabbage or the onion and the carrot exists, using the associated plant method, and if the combination of the green pepper and the garlic, the tomato and the cabbage or the onion and the carrot does not exist, using the medicament deinsectization method;

s3, companion plant method: based on the characteristic extraction and method selection, vegetable crops with different components are interplanted together by adopting an associated plant method, and pests cannot approach the vegetable crops by utilizing the different components contained in the plants;

s4, insecticide disinsection method: based on the characteristic extraction and the method selection, the prepared pesticide is sprayed to the vegetable crops by a pesticide disinsection method;

s41, selection of pesticide: judging whether the pest is cabbage caterpillar or not based on the type of the main pest of the vegetable crop to judge whether the vegetable crop uses the same type of expelling method or the urea pest control method, if the pest is cabbage caterpillar, armyworm, cotton bollworm or cutworm, using the same type of expelling method, and if the pest is not any one of cabbage caterpillar, armyworm, cotton bollworm or cutworm, using the urea pest control method;

s42, same-kind driving method: collecting carcasses of the same kind of pests, and preparing adult carcass liquid to spray the carcasses on vegetable plants to repel the pests;

s43, urea pest control method: the washing powder, urea and water are mixed and prepared, and the prepared insect repellant is sprayed on vegetable plants to control pests.

Preferably, the method for the companion plant comprises the following specific steps:

s31, intercropping green pepper and garlic: because the garlic contains the allicin, pests which are harmful to the green pepper can escape after smelling the garlic, and the green pepper is prevented from being damaged;

s32, interplanting of tomatoes and cabbages: the leaves of the tomato give off a special odor and can repel cabbage caterpillars and aphids which are harmful to cabbage. In addition, the nutrition absorbed by the two vegetables has strong complementarity, and the soil fertility can be fully exerted;

s33, intercropping onion and carrot: the odor emitted by each of them can drive away the pests. If the carrot is singly planted, in order to prevent insect damage, a plurality of onions can be planted in the ground or around the ground, and the effect of expelling insects can be achieved.

Preferably, the similar repelling method comprises the following specific steps:

s421, when preparing, smashing a cabbage worm corpse, an armyworm corpse, a cotton bollworm corpse or a cutworm corpse, adding 2 times of water to soak for 20 hours, filtering to obtain a worm corpse liquid, diluting the worm corpse liquid with the rest water, adding washing powder to stir uniformly, and finally packaging to obtain the worm corpse liquid;

s422, during spraying, the prepared insect corpse liquid is filled into a pesticide storage tank and matched with a spray head to be sprayed in the field, and 12 g of insect corpse liquid is sprayed on each square meter of land on average.

Preferably, the urea pest control method comprises the following specific steps:

s431, mixing washing powder, urea and water to prepare a urea insecticide during preparation;

s422, during spraying, spraying 2% of calcium superphosphate or 2% of lime water leachate on the land, putting the prepared urea insecticide into a pesticide storage tank, matching with a spray head, spraying in the field, and spraying 12 g of urea insecticide per square meter of land on average.

Preferably, the mixing ratio of the washing powder, the urea and the water in the urea insecticide is 1:2: 200.

the invention provides a method for preventing vegetable insect pests and preventing vegetable insect pests through improvement, compared with the prior art, the method has the following improvement and advantages:

one is as follows: the method of the invention can reduce the use of pesticides, thereby reducing the influence of the pesticides on vegetable crops, and the combination of the pesticides and the vegetable crops can realize reasonable intercropping, mixed cropping and relay intercropping, thereby not only being capable of reasonably utilizing the land, but also achieving the purpose of high quality and high yield.

The second step is as follows: in the similar expelling method, the dead pests can generate volatile substances, and the pests of the same type can reject eating and starve or infect germs to die after smelling the odor. By using the principles, some pests are collected, smashed and rotted, and then water and the like are prepared into a certain proportion of pest body fluid for spraying, so that the pests can be effectively prevented and killed, and the cost is reduced.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in detail below, and technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a method for preventing vegetable insect damage and preventing vegetable insect damage through improvement, and the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the first embodiment is as follows:

the invention provides a method for preventing vegetable insect damage and preventing vegetable insect damage through improvement, and the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a method for preventing vegetable insect pests comprises the following steps:

s1, feature extraction: judging vegetable crop seeds, and judging whether the seeds contain the combination of green pepper and garlic, tomato and cabbage or onion and carrot;

s2, method selection: based on the characteristic extraction step, judging whether the vegetable crop seeds use an associated plant method or a medicament deinsectization method, if the combination of the green pepper and the garlic, the tomato and the cabbage or the onion and the carrot exists, using the associated plant method, and if the combination of the green pepper and the garlic, the tomato and the cabbage or the onion and the carrot does not exist, using the medicament deinsectization method;

s3, companion plant method: based on the characteristic extraction and method selection, vegetable crops with different components are interplanted together by adopting an associated plant method, and pests cannot approach the vegetable crops by utilizing the different components contained in the plants; because the garlic contains the allicin, the garlic has a special smell, so that pests harmful to the green pepper can escape after smelling the garlic, and the green pepper is prevented from being damaged; the leaves of the tomatoes can emit a large amount of ethylene, so that cabbage caterpillars and aphids harmful to the cabbages can be driven away, and besides, the nutrients absorbed by the two vegetables have strong complementarity and can fully exert the land capability; the odor of the onion and the carrot can drive away the pests among the onion and the carrot, and if the carrot is singly planted, a plurality of onions can be planted in the ground or around the ground to prevent the pests, so that the effect of expelling the insects can be achieved.

S4, insecticide disinsection method: based on the characteristic extraction and the method selection, the prepared pesticide is sprayed to the vegetable crops by a pesticide disinsection method;

s41, selection of pesticide: judging whether the pest is cabbage caterpillar or not based on the type of the main pest of the vegetable crop to judge whether the vegetable crop uses the same type of expelling method or the urea pest control method, if the pest is cabbage caterpillar, armyworm, cotton bollworm or cutworm, using the same type of expelling method, and if the pest is not any one of cabbage caterpillar, armyworm, cotton bollworm or cutworm, using the urea pest control method;

s42, same-kind driving method: collecting carcasses of the same kind of pests, and preparing adult carcass liquid to spray the carcasses on vegetable plants to repel the pests; the dead pests can generate volatile substances, and the pests of the same type can starve to death or be infected with germs to death when smelling the odor. By using the principles, some pests are collected, smashed and rotted, and then water and the like are prepared into a certain proportion of pest body fluid for spraying, so that the pests can be effectively prevented and killed, and the cost is reduced.

S43, urea pest control method: the washing powder, urea and water are mixed and prepared, and the prepared insect repellant is sprayed on vegetable plants to control pests. If the urea is used for controlling insects, the urea can destroy the functions of a supporting structure and a protective layer in an insect body, and the washing powder, the urea and the water in a ratio of 1:2:200 are mixed and prepared, so that the pesticide has good control effect on pests such as aphids, cabbage caterpillars and red spiders which are harmful to vegetables and flowers; in the oviposition period of the cabbage caterpillars, 2% of calcium superphosphate or 2% of lime water extract is sprayed, more than 52% of eggs can be killed in one week, and the effect can reach 80% in the fifth day.

Specifically, the method for the companion plant comprises the following specific steps:

s31, intercropping green pepper and garlic: because the garlic contains the allicin, pests which are harmful to the green pepper can escape after smelling the garlic, and the green pepper is prevented from being damaged;

s32, interplanting of tomatoes and cabbages: the leaves of the tomato give off a special odor and can repel cabbage caterpillars and aphids which are harmful to cabbage. In addition, the nutrition absorbed by the two vegetables has strong complementarity, and the soil fertility can be fully exerted;

s33, intercropping onion and carrot: the odor emitted by each of them can drive away the pests. If the carrot is singly planted, in order to prevent insect damage, a plurality of onions can be planted in the ground or around the ground, and the effect of expelling insects can be achieved.

Specifically, the similar driving method specifically comprises the following steps:

s421, when preparing, smashing a cabbage worm corpse, an armyworm corpse, a cotton bollworm corpse or a cutworm corpse, adding 2 times of water to soak for 20 hours, filtering to obtain a worm corpse liquid, diluting the worm corpse liquid with the rest water, adding washing powder to stir uniformly, and finally packaging to obtain the worm corpse liquid;

s422, during spraying, the prepared insect corpse liquid is filled into a pesticide storage tank and matched with a spray head to be sprayed in the field, and 12 g of insect corpse liquid is sprayed on each square meter of land on average. By using the similar expelling method, the dead pests can generate volatile substances, and the pests of the same type can reject eating and starve or be infected with germs to die after smelling the odor. By using the principles, some pests are collected, smashed and rotted, and then water and the like are prepared into a certain proportion of pest body fluid for spraying, so that the pests can be effectively prevented and killed, and the cost is reduced.

Specifically, the urea pest control method comprises the following specific steps:

s431, mixing washing powder, urea and water to prepare a urea insecticide during preparation;

s422, during spraying, spraying 2% of calcium superphosphate or 2% of lime water leachate on the land, putting the prepared urea insecticide into a pesticide storage tank, matching with a spray head, spraying in the field, and spraying 12 g of urea insecticide per square meter of land on average. If the urea method for controlling insects is used, the urea can destroy the supporting structure and the protective layer in the insect body, washing powder, urea and water are mixed and prepared, and in the laying period of the cabbage caterpillar, 2% of calcium superphosphate or 2% of lime water is used for spraying, so that more than 52% of eggs can be killed in one week, and the effect of 80% can be achieved in the fifth day.

Specifically, the mixing ratio of washing powder, urea and water in the urea insecticide is 1:2:200 of a carrier; the washing powder, the urea and the water in a ratio of 1:2:200 are mixed and prepared, and the pesticide has good control effect on pests such as aphids, cabbage caterpillars and red spiders which are harmful to vegetables and flowers.

The working principle is as follows: classifying and judging vegetable crop seeds, and judging whether the seeds contain combinations of green peppers and garlic, tomatoes and cabbages or onion and carrots; because the garlic contains the allicin, the garlic has a special smell, so that pests harmful to the green pepper can escape after smelling the garlic, and the green pepper is prevented from being damaged; the leaves of the tomatoes can emit a large amount of ethylene, so that cabbage caterpillars and aphids harmful to the cabbages can be driven away, and besides, the nutrients absorbed by the two vegetables have strong complementarity and can fully exert the land capability; the odor of the onion and the carrot can drive away the pests among the onion and the carrot, and if the carrot is singly planted, a plurality of onions can be planted in the ground or around the ground to prevent the pests, so that the effect of expelling the insects can be achieved. The associated plant method can reduce the use of pesticides, thereby reducing the influence of the pesticides on vegetable crops, and the combination of the pesticides and the vegetable crops can achieve reasonable intercropping, mixed cropping and relay intercropping, thereby not only reasonably utilizing the land, but also achieving the purpose of high quality and high yield. If the combination of the green pepper and the garlic, the tomato and the cabbage or the onion and the carrot exists, a companion plant method is used to intercropping the vegetable crops which are in accordance with the combination, then a medicament deinsectization method is carried out on the vegetable crops which are not in accordance with the combination, if the main pests of the vegetable crops are cabbage caterpillar, armyworm, cotton bollworm or cutworm, the similar expelling method is used, and if the pests are not any one of the cabbage caterpillar, the armyworm, the cotton bollworm or the cutworm, the urea method for controlling the pests is used. By using the similar expelling method, the dead pests can generate volatile substances, and the pests of the same type can reject eating and starve or be infected with germs to die after smelling the odor. By utilizing the principles, some pests are collected, smashed and rotted, and then water and the like are prepared into a certain proportion of pest body fluid for spraying, so that the pests can be effectively prevented and killed, and the cost is reduced; if the urea is used for controlling insects, the urea can destroy the functions of a supporting structure and a protective layer in an insect body, and the washing powder, the urea and the water in a ratio of 1:2:200 are mixed and prepared, so that the pesticide has good control effect on pests such as aphids, cabbage caterpillars and red spiders which are harmful to vegetables and flowers; in the oviposition period of the cabbage caterpillars, 2% of calcium superphosphate or 2% of lime water extract is sprayed, more than 52% of eggs can be killed in one week, and the effect can reach 80% in the fifth day.

The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.