阅读说明：本技术 一种蔬菜种植绿色环保有机基质及其制备方法 (Green and environment-friendly organic matrix for vegetable planting and preparation method thereof ) 是由 刘勇 于 2021-07-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种蔬菜种植绿色环保有机基质及其制备方法,包括以下原料：水葫芦30-40份、有益微生物菌群1-2份、非金属矿物1-2份、草木灰20-30份、农作物秸秆20-30份、玉米棒10-15份、果渣10-15份、生物粪便10-15份、枯枝杂草10-15份、樟树叶10-15份、青蒿10-15份、桉树叶10-15份、纤维素酶1-2份、植物分解菌群1-2份、水溶液90-120份、泥土80-90份和微量元素8-12份。本发明通过将水葫芦、草木灰、农作物秸秆、玉米棒、果渣、生物粪便和枯枝杂草变废为宝提高了资源的利用率,同时具有丰富的营养成分,同时通过樟树叶和桉树叶,使得地里不生虫,青蒿粉碎并分解可抑制杂草生长,使得可避免使用农药实现杀虫和抑制杂草生长,从而实现绿色环保且具有丰富的营养成分的目的。(The invention discloses a green environment-friendly organic matrix for vegetable planting and a preparation method thereof, wherein the green environment-friendly organic matrix comprises the following raw materials: 30-40 parts of water hyacinth, 1-2 parts of beneficial microbial flora, 1-2 parts of non-metallic minerals, 20-30 parts of plant ash, 20-30 parts of crop straws, 10-15 parts of corn cobs, 10-15 parts of fruit residues, 10-15 parts of biological excrement, 10-15 parts of dead-branch weeds, 10-15 parts of camphor tree leaves, 10-15 parts of sweet wormwood herbs, 10-15 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 1-2 parts of cellulase, 1-2 parts of plant decomposing flora, 90-120 parts of aqueous solution, 80-90 parts of soil and 8-12 parts of trace elements. According to the invention, water hyacinth, plant ash, crop straws, corn cobs, fruit residues, biological excrement and dead-branch weeds are changed into things of value, so that the utilization rate of resources is improved, rich nutritional ingredients are provided, meanwhile, camphor tree leaves and eucalyptus leaves are used for preventing insects from growing in the ground, and the sweet wormwood is crushed and decomposed to inhibit the growth of weeds, so that the insects can be killed and the growth of the weeds can be inhibited by avoiding using pesticides, and the purposes of environmental protection and rich nutritional ingredients are achieved.)

1. The green and environment-friendly organic matrix for vegetable planting is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of water hyacinth, 1-2 parts of beneficial microbial flora, 1-2 parts of non-metallic minerals, 20-30 parts of plant ash, 20-30 parts of crop straws, 10-15 parts of corn cobs, 10-15 parts of fruit residues, 10-15 parts of biological excrement, 10-15 parts of dead-branch weeds, 10-15 parts of camphor tree leaves, 10-15 parts of sweet wormwood herbs, 10-15 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 1-2 parts of cellulase, 1-2 parts of plant decomposing flora, 90-120 parts of aqueous solution, 80-90 parts of soil and 8-12 parts of trace elements.

2. The green environment-friendly organic matrix for vegetable planting according to claim 1, wherein: the beneficial microbial flora is one or more of EM flora containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, nitrobacteria and actinomycetes.

3. The green environment-friendly organic matrix for vegetable planting according to claim 1, wherein: the plant decomposing flora is one or more of acetobacter xylinum, bacillus subtilis, nitrobacteria, acetobacter, clostridium butyricum, lactobacillus and bifidobacterium.

4. The green environment-friendly organic matrix for vegetable planting according to claim 1, wherein: the trace elements are inorganic salts composed of one or more of iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc and molybdenum.

5. The green environment-friendly organic matrix for vegetable planting according to claim 1, wherein: the non-metallic mineral is a single substance of ammonium sulfate, phosphorus oxide, potassium chloride, calcium superphosphate and ferrous sulfate or a mixture of the single substance and the mixture.

6. A preparation method of a green environment-friendly organic matrix for vegetable planting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: firstly, putting water hyacinth, beneficial microbial flora, plant ash, crop straws, corn cobs, fruit residues, biological manure and dead-branch weeds into a crusher for crushing treatment, performing solid-liquid separation on crushed substances to retain solid crushed substances, and filtering through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain mixed crushed slag;

s2: pulverizing camphor tree leaves, sweet wormwood herbs and eucalyptus leaves, and filtering through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain pulverized residues;

s3: adding the camphor tree leaves, the sweet wormwood herbs and the eucalyptus leaves which are crushed in the step S2, the cellulase and the plant decomposing bacteria together into a decomposing tank for decomposing to obtain decomposed liquid;

s4: and (4) putting the mixed crushed slag obtained in the step S1, the decomposition liquid obtained in the step S3, the nonmetallic minerals, the aqueous solution, the soil and the trace elements into a fermentation tank for fermentation, wherein the stirring speed in the fermentation tank is 120 r/h, and finally the environment-friendly organic substrate is obtained.

7. The method for preparing the green and environment-friendly organic substrate for vegetable planting according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fermentation process in the step S4 is to perform standing first and then high-temperature fermentation, the standing time in the step S4 is 2-3 days, the temperature is room temperature, the high-temperature fermentation time is 15-20 days, the temperature is 55-65 ℃, and the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 35-40% during the high-temperature fermentation.

8. The method for preparing the green and environment-friendly organic substrate for vegetable planting according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature in the decomposition tank in the step S3 is 25 ℃, and the decomposition time is 48 h.

9. The method for preparing the green and environment-friendly organic substrate for vegetable planting according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water content of the mixed crushed slag in the step S1 is less than 20%.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, in particular to a green environment-friendly organic matrix for vegetable planting and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The organic substrate cultivation is that organic matters such as crop straws, mushroom dregs, turf, sawdust, livestock and poultry manure and the like are fermented or treated at high temperature and then mixed according to a certain proportion to form a relatively stable and buffering total nutrient cultivation substrate raw material.

However, in the prior art, when in actual use, the organic matrix is mainly prepared by mixing and stirring a chemical preparation and a toxic pesticide and is applied to soil or crops to play a role in preventing and controlling insect pests and weeds, which undoubtedly causes pollution to water source soil and crops, and leads to the reduction of the quality of agricultural products.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a green and environment-friendly organic matrix for vegetable planting and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the background art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of water hyacinth, 1-2 parts of beneficial microbial flora, 1-2 parts of non-metallic minerals, 20-30 parts of plant ash, 20-30 parts of crop straws, 10-15 parts of corn cobs, 10-15 parts of fruit residues, 10-15 parts of biological excrement, 10-15 parts of dead-branch weeds, 10-15 parts of camphor tree leaves, 10-15 parts of sweet wormwood herbs, 10-15 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 1-2 parts of cellulase, 1-2 parts of plant decomposing flora, 90-120 parts of aqueous solution, 80-90 parts of soil and 8-12 parts of trace elements.

Preferably, the beneficial microbial flora is one or more of EM flora containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, nitrobacteria and actinomycetes.

Preferably, the plant decomposing flora is one or more of acetobacter xylinum, bacillus subtilis, nitrobacteria, acetobacter, clostridium butyricum, lactobacillus and bifidobacterium.

Preferably, the trace element is an inorganic salt consisting of one or more of iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc and molybdenum.

Preferably, the non-metallic mineral is ammonium sulfate, phosphorus oxide, potassium chloride, calcium superphosphate and ferrous sulfate, or a mixture thereof.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the green and environment-friendly organic matrix for vegetable planting, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: firstly, putting water hyacinth, beneficial microbial flora, plant ash, crop straws, corn cobs, fruit residues, biological manure and dead-branch weeds into a crusher for crushing treatment, performing solid-liquid separation on crushed substances to retain solid crushed substances, and filtering through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain mixed crushed slag;

s2: pulverizing camphor tree leaves, sweet wormwood herbs and eucalyptus leaves, and filtering through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain pulverized residues;

s3: adding the camphor tree leaves, the sweet wormwood herbs and the eucalyptus leaves which are crushed in the step S2, the cellulase and the plant decomposing bacteria together into a decomposing tank for decomposing to obtain decomposed liquid;

s4: and (4) putting the mixed crushed slag obtained in the step S1, the decomposition liquid obtained in the step S3, the nonmetallic minerals, the aqueous solution, the soil and the trace elements into a fermentation tank for fermentation, wherein the stirring speed in the fermentation tank is 120 r/h, and finally the environment-friendly organic substrate is obtained.

Preferably, the fermentation process in the step S4 is a standing process followed by a high temperature fermentation process, the standing time in the step S4 is 2-3 days at room temperature, the high temperature fermentation time is 15-20 days at 55-65 ℃, and the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 35-40% during the high temperature fermentation.

Preferably, the temperature in the decomposition tank in the step S3 is 25 ℃, and the decomposition time is 48 h.

Preferably, the water content of the mixed crushed slag in the step S1 is less than 20%.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, water hyacinth, plant ash, crop straw, corn cob, fruit residues, biological excrement and dead branch weeds are changed into things of value, so that the utilization rate of resources is improved, meanwhile, the water hyacinth has rich nutrient components, the pollution to the environment and the utilization of external invasive species are greatly relieved, meanwhile, through camphor tree leaves and eucalyptus leaves, no vermin is generated in the ground, the sweet wormwood is crushed and decomposed, the growth of weeds can be inhibited, the use of pesticides can be avoided, the insect killing and the weed growth inhibition are realized, and the purposes of being green and environment-friendly and having rich nutrient components are realized.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example one

The invention provides a technical scheme that: the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of water hyacinth, 1 part of beneficial microbial flora, 1 part of non-metallic mineral, 20 parts of plant ash, 20 parts of crop straw, 10 parts of corn cob, 10 parts of fruit residue, 10 parts of biological excrement, 10 parts of dead-branch weed, 10 parts of camphor tree leaf, 10 parts of sweet wormwood herb, 10 parts of eucalyptus leaf, 1 part of cellulase, 1 part of plant decomposing flora, 90 parts of aqueous solution, 80 parts of soil and 8 parts of trace elements.

The beneficial microbial flora is one or more of EM flora containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, nitrobacteria and actinomycetes.

The plant decomposing flora is one or more of acetobacter xylinum, bacillus subtilis, nitrobacteria, acetobacter, clostridium butyricum, lactobacillus and bifidobacterium.

The trace elements are inorganic salts composed of one or more of iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc and molybdenum.

The non-metallic mineral is a single substance of ammonium sulfate, phosphorus oxide, potassium chloride, calcium superphosphate and ferrous sulfate or a mixture of the single substance and the mixture.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the green and environment-friendly organic matrix for vegetable planting, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: firstly, putting water hyacinth, beneficial microbial flora, plant ash, crop straws, corn cobs, fruit residues, biological manure and dead-branch weeds into a crusher for crushing treatment, performing solid-liquid separation on crushed substances to retain solid crushed substances, and filtering through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain mixed crushed slag;

s2: pulverizing camphor tree leaves, sweet wormwood herbs and eucalyptus leaves, and filtering through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain pulverized residues;

s3: adding the camphor tree leaves, the sweet wormwood herbs and the eucalyptus leaves which are crushed in the step S2, the cellulase and the plant decomposing bacteria together into a decomposing tank for decomposing to obtain decomposed liquid;

s4: and (4) putting the mixed crushed slag obtained in the step S1, the decomposition liquid obtained in the step S3, the nonmetallic minerals, the aqueous solution, the soil and the trace elements into a fermentation tank for fermentation, wherein the stirring speed in the fermentation tank is 120 r/h, and finally the environment-friendly organic substrate is obtained.

The fermentation process in the step S4 is to perform standing first and then high-temperature fermentation, the standing time in the step S4 is 2-3 days, the temperature is room temperature, the high-temperature fermentation time is 15-20 days, the temperature is 55-65 ℃, and the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 35-40% during the high-temperature fermentation.

The temperature in the decomposition tank in the step S3 is 25 ℃, and the decomposition time is 48 h.

The water content of the mixed crushed slag in the step S1 is less than 20%.

The test results of the field test conducted on the prepared green environment-friendly organic matrix according to the description in the example I are shown in the table I.

Example two

The invention provides a technical scheme that: the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of water hyacinth, 1.5 parts of beneficial microbial flora, 1.5 parts of non-metallic minerals, 15 parts of plant ash, 15 parts of crop straws, 12.5 parts of corn cobs, 12.5 parts of fruit residues, 12.5 parts of biological excrement, 12.5 parts of dead-branch weeds, 12.5 parts of camphor tree leaves, 12.5 parts of sweet wormwood herbs, 12.5 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 1.5 parts of cellulase, 1.5 parts of plant decomposition flora, 105 parts of aqueous solution, 85 parts of soil and 10 parts of trace elements.

The beneficial microbial flora is one or more of EM flora containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, nitrobacteria and actinomycetes.

The plant decomposing flora is one or more of acetobacter xylinum, bacillus subtilis, nitrobacteria, acetobacter, clostridium butyricum, lactobacillus and bifidobacterium.

The trace elements are inorganic salts composed of one or more of iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc and molybdenum.

The non-metallic mineral is a single substance of ammonium sulfate, phosphorus oxide, potassium chloride, calcium superphosphate and ferrous sulfate or a mixture of the single substance and the mixture.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the green and environment-friendly organic matrix for vegetable planting, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: firstly, putting water hyacinth, beneficial microbial flora, plant ash, crop straws, corn cobs, fruit residues, biological manure and dead-branch weeds into a crusher for crushing treatment, performing solid-liquid separation on crushed substances to retain solid crushed substances, and filtering through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain mixed crushed slag;

s2: pulverizing camphor tree leaves, sweet wormwood herbs and eucalyptus leaves, and filtering through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain pulverized residues;

s3: adding the camphor tree leaves, the sweet wormwood herbs and the eucalyptus leaves which are crushed in the step S2, the cellulase and the plant decomposing bacteria together into a decomposing tank for decomposing to obtain decomposed liquid;

s4: and (4) putting the mixed crushed slag obtained in the step S1, the decomposition liquid obtained in the step S3, the nonmetallic minerals, the aqueous solution, the soil and the trace elements into a fermentation tank for fermentation, wherein the stirring speed in the fermentation tank is 120 r/h, and finally the environment-friendly organic substrate is obtained.

The fermentation process in the step S4 is to perform standing first and then high-temperature fermentation, the standing time in the step S4 is 2-3 days, the temperature is room temperature, the high-temperature fermentation time is 15-20 days, the temperature is 55-65 ℃, and the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 35-40% during the high-temperature fermentation.

The temperature in the decomposition tank in the step S3 is 25 ℃, and the decomposition time is 48 h.

The water content of the mixed crushed slag in the step S1 is less than 20%.

The test results of the field test conducted on the green environment-friendly organic matrix prepared according to the description in the second embodiment are shown in the table I.

EXAMPLE III

The invention provides a technical scheme that: the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of water hyacinth, 2 parts of beneficial microbial flora, 2 parts of non-metallic minerals, 30 parts of plant ash, 30 parts of crop straws, 15 parts of corn cobs, 15 parts of fruit residues, 15 parts of biological excrement, 15 parts of dead-branch weeds, 15 parts of camphor leaves, 15 parts of sweet wormwood herbs, 15 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 2 parts of cellulase, 2 parts of plant decomposing flora, 120 parts of aqueous solution, 90 parts of soil and 12 parts of trace elements.

The beneficial microbial flora is one or more of EM flora containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, nitrobacteria and actinomycetes.

The plant decomposing flora is one or more of acetobacter xylinum, bacillus subtilis, nitrobacteria, acetobacter, clostridium butyricum, lactobacillus and bifidobacterium.

The trace elements are inorganic salts composed of one or more of iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc and molybdenum.

The non-metallic mineral is a single substance of ammonium sulfate, phosphorus oxide, potassium chloride, calcium superphosphate and ferrous sulfate or a mixture of the single substance and the mixture.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the green and environment-friendly organic matrix for vegetable planting, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: firstly, putting water hyacinth, beneficial microbial flora, plant ash, crop straws, corn cobs, fruit residues, biological manure and dead-branch weeds into a crusher for crushing treatment, performing solid-liquid separation on crushed substances to retain solid crushed substances, and filtering through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain mixed crushed slag;

s2: pulverizing camphor tree leaves, sweet wormwood herbs and eucalyptus leaves, and filtering through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain pulverized residues;

s3: adding the camphor tree leaves, the sweet wormwood herbs and the eucalyptus leaves which are crushed in the step S2, the cellulase and the plant decomposing bacteria together into a decomposing tank for decomposing to obtain decomposed liquid;

s4: and (4) putting the mixed crushed slag obtained in the step S1, the decomposition liquid obtained in the step S3, the nonmetallic minerals, the aqueous solution, the soil and the trace elements into a fermentation tank for fermentation, wherein the stirring speed in the fermentation tank is 120 r/h, and finally the environment-friendly organic substrate is obtained.

The fermentation process in the step S4 is to perform standing first and then high-temperature fermentation, the standing time in the step S4 is 2-3 days, the temperature is room temperature, the high-temperature fermentation time is 15-20 days, the temperature is 55-65 ℃, and the water content of the mixture is controlled to be 35-40% during the high-temperature fermentation.

The temperature in the decomposition tank in the step S3 is 25 ℃, and the decomposition time is 48 h.

The water content of the mixed crushed slag in the step S1 is less than 20%.

The test results of the field test performed on the prepared green environment-friendly organic matrix according to the description in the third embodiment are shown in the table I.

Table one:

the working principle is as follows: as can be seen from the table 1, the green and environment-friendly organic matrix prepared by the technical scheme of the invention has obvious effects of killing insects and inhibiting weed growth when in use, and has good fertilizing effect, water hyacinth, plant ash, crop straws, corn cobs, fruit residues, biological excrement and dead-branch weeds are subjected to high-temperature fermentation under the action of beneficial microbial flora, and plant organic matters and animals are fully decomposed, decomposed and converted by the matrix, so that the obtained organic matrix has rich nutrient components, the requirements of urban agriculture on shallow soil cultivation and less and more output are met, waste is changed into wealth, the utilization rate of resources is improved, the pollution to the environment and the utilization of external invasive species are greatly relieved, the purpose of green and environment protection is realized, the camphor tree leaves, the sweet wormwood herb and the eucalyptus leaves are crushed and decomposed, and the plant cell membranes can be changed by the decomposition products of the sweet wormwood herb, the cell content is caused to exosmose, the root morphological deformation is caused, and the growth, development and differentiation of the root are inhibited; the activity of multiple resistant enzymes in a receptor is reduced, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase is increased, the resistance of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase to external adverse environment is reduced, the growth and development of the receptor plant are inhibited, so that the strong growth inhibition capability is shown, camphor tree leaves and eucalyptus leaves have strong insecticidal, bactericidal and herbicidal activities, the camphor tree leaves and camphor tree leaves are good plant source pesticide production raw materials, the eucalyptus leaves and camphor tree leaves contain monopterns, volatile oil, alkaloid substances and the like, the extract of the camphor tree leaves has a remarkable inhibition effect on the growth and development of various plant seeds and plants such as ryegrass and the like, so that the purposes of killing insects and inhibiting the growth of weeds can be realized by avoiding using pesticides, and the content of boron in the plant body is higher than that of monocotyledons through inorganic salt consisting of one or more of iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc and molybdenum, the boron can improve the nitrogen fixation activity of legume rhizobia and increase the nitrogen fixation amount, when the boron is deficient, the rhizobia is not developed, the nitrogen fixation amount is influenced, and the stress resistance of crops can be enhanced; iron is indispensable for chlorophyll formation and is difficult to transfer in plants, so the 'chlorosis' of leaves is the expression of iron deficiency of plants, and the chlorosis is expressed on young leaves firstly; copper participates in photosynthesis, respiration and nitrogen metabolism of plants, enhances the resistance of the plants, and when copper is deficient, the plants grow thin and weak, new leaves turn yellow, wither and dry, leaf tips curl and whiten, and necrotic spots exist; the zinc can promote the photosynthesis of crops, is a composition of various enzymes, and leads the growth and development of the crops to be stopped when the zinc is deficient; the plant chloroplast contains manganese which can promote seed germination and seedling growth, and the manganese deficiency affects crop photosynthesis, respiration and nitrate nitrogen accumulation in vivo. The leaf has yellow and green color and brown spots; molybdenum is essential for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by nitrogen fixing microorganisms, in particular rhizobia which are symbiotic with legume crops. And simultaneously can enhance the photosynthesis intensity of the leaves. When molybdenum is deficient, the plant is short and small, the leaf pulse is green, the leaf margin is scorched, and the plant curls inwards to become wilting.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.