阅读说明：本技术 一种透气保温的辣椒育苗基质及其制备方法 (Breathable and heat-insulating pepper seedling culture medium and preparation method thereof ) 是由 赵桂根 胡德强 方志平 张金龙 王瑞俊 阮阳阳 陈先发 于 2021-07-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种透气保温的辣椒育苗基质及其制备方法,属于辣椒育苗基质技术领域,包括基层、营养层和覆盖层,所述基层位于营养层的下方,覆盖层位于营养层的上方,其中,所述基层由以下质量百分比的组分构成：辣椒枝干12～45％、填充料50～80％、木粉5～8％。设置物质颗粒大的基层和覆盖层作为营养层的上下层,确保埋覆于营养层中的辣椒苗根据透气性；设置粘附于粗砂粒表面的木粉来提高基层的保湿性和保温性,在缺水、寒冷情况下,刺激辣椒苗根部触须向下生长,提高辣椒苗存活率。(The invention discloses a ventilated and heat-insulating pepper seedling substrate and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of pepper seedling substrates and comprising a base layer, a nutrition layer and a covering layer, wherein the base layer is positioned below the nutrition layer, and the covering layer is positioned above the nutrition layer, wherein the base layer is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 12-45% of pepper branches, 50-80% of filler and 5-8% of wood powder. The base layer and the covering layer with large material particles are arranged as the upper layer and the lower layer of the nutrition layer, so that the pepper seedlings buried in the nutrition layer are ensured to be breathable; the wood flour adhered to the surface of the coarse sand grains is arranged to improve the moisture retention and heat preservation of the base layer, stimulate tentacles of the roots of the pepper seedlings to grow downwards under the conditions of water shortage and cold, and improve the survival rate of the pepper seedlings.)

1. The utility model provides a matrix is grown seedlings to ventilative heat retaining hot pepper, its characterized in that, includes basic unit (1), nutrition layer (2) and overburden (3), basic unit (1) is located the below of nutrition layer (2), and overburden (3) are located the top of nutrition layer (2), and wherein, the thickness ratio of basic unit (1) and nutrition layer (2) is 2 ~ 3: 5, the thickness of the covering layer (3) is 1-3 mm, and the base layer (1) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12-45% of pepper branches, 50-80% of filler and 5-8% of wood powder, wherein the mass percentage ratio of the filler to the wood powder is 10: 1;

the nutrition layer (2) is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 40-60% of kitchen waste, 40-60% of soil, 10-20% of plant ash, 1-5% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and 0.5-2% of colloid containing beneficial bacteria.

2. The air-permeable heat-insulating pepper seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filling material is coarse gravel or a residual substrate containing more than 95% of coarse gravel, and the particle size of the coarse gravel is in the range of 4-10 mm.

3. The ventilated heat-insulating pepper seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrition layer (2) is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 48% of kitchen waste, 35% of soil, 15% of plant ash, 1.2% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and 0.8% of colloid containing beneficial bacteria.

4. The air-permeable heat-insulating pepper seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the covering layer (3) is fine gravel with a grain size of 0.5-1.5 mm.

5. The air-permeable heat-insulating pepper seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base layer (1) is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 12% of pepper branches, 80% of filling material and 8% of wood powder.

6. The air-permeable heat-insulating pepper seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base layer (1) is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 23% of pepper branches, 70% of filling material and 7% of wood powder.

7. The air-permeable heat-insulating pepper seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base layer (1) is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 34% of pepper branches, 60% of filling material and 6% of wood powder.

8. The air-permeable heat-insulating pepper seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base layer (1) is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 45% of pepper branches, 50% of filling material and 5% of wood powder.

9. The air-permeable and heat-insulating pepper seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein a latticed skeleton (4) is arranged between the base layer (1) and the nutrition layer (2) and between the nutrition layer (2) and the covering layer (3), and a support column (5) is arranged at the lower end of each skeleton.

10. A method for preparing the ventilating heat-insulating pepper seedling raising substrate as claimed in any one of the claims 1-9, comprising the steps of:

s101: pretreating, namely pulling the picked pepper branches out of a pepper field, drying in the sun and cutting off the pepper branches to a rod body with the length of 2 cm;

s102: preparing a base layer (1), wetting coarse gravel until water vapor is attached to the surface of the coarse gravel, weighing a certain proportion of wood powder and the coarse gravel, mixing the wood powder and the coarse gravel, then mixing pepper branches, and uniformly covering the mixture in a field;

s103: preparing a nutrition layer (2), collecting the kitchen garbage in a semi-rotten state, crushing, adding plant ash according to the detected pH value, neutralizing, mixing with soil in the chili land, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and colloid containing beneficial bacteria after neutralization, and covering the mixture on a base layer (1) after the mixture is uniform;

s104: and (3) preparing the covering layer (3), and uniformly covering fine gravel on the nutrition layer (2) to form the covering layer (3).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of pepper seedling raising substrates, in particular to a breathable and heat-insulating pepper seedling raising substrate and a preparation method thereof.

Background

After 2010 and a large-scale snow disaster in China, the industrial seedling raising is gradually accepted by many people in agriculture, and the research on the application aspect of the seedling raising substrate is greatly promoted. The used matrix materials are peat, rock wool, vermiculite, perlite, bagasse, mushroom residue, gravel, ceramsite and the like. Through research, the seedling substrate does not have universal applicability, and because the nutrient substances required by different types of plants are different, the research aiming at the pepper seedling substrate finds that the existing pepper seedling substrate has the following problems:

1. the pepper plant has short root system length, developed root system tentacles, large water demand, poor water retention of the matrix and difficult survival of pepper seedlings under the condition of water shortage;

2. nutrient substances planted in the early stage of the pepper seedlings are not easy to absorb, so that withering and death caused by lack of nutrients exist after the pepper seedlings are planted;

3. the matrix has poor porosity, particularly the soil on the lower layer of the field in field planting has high plate solidity, so that pepper plants are limited from rooting downwards, and pepper seedling plants are not facilitated;

4. the pepper seedlings grow in the later period and need a plurality of nutrient varieties, and can not be supplemented in time.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a ventilating and heat-insulating pepper seedling culture medium and a preparation method thereof, wherein a base layer and a covering layer with large material particles are arranged as an upper layer and a lower layer of a nutrition layer, so that pepper seedlings buried in the nutrition layer are ensured to be ventilated; the wood flour adhered to the surface of the coarse sand grains is arranged to improve the moisture retention and heat preservation of the base layer, stimulate tentacles of the roots of the pepper seedlings to grow downwards under the conditions of water shortage and cold, and improve the survival rate of the pepper seedlings so as to solve the problems in the background art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a matrix is grown seedlings to ventilative heat retaining hot pepper, includes basic unit, nutritive layer and overburden, the basic unit is located the below of nutritive layer, and the overburden is located the top of nutritive layer, and wherein, the thickness ratio of basic unit and nutritive layer is 2 ~ 3: 5, the thickness of the covering layer is 1-3 mm, and the base layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12-45% of pepper branches, 50-80% of filler and 5-8% of wood powder, wherein the mass percentage ratio of the filler to the wood powder is 10: 1;

the nutrition layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-60% of kitchen waste, 40-60% of soil, 10-20% of plant ash, 1-5% of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and 0.5-2% of colloid containing beneficial bacteria.

Further, the filler is coarse gravel or a residual matrix containing more than 95% of coarse gravel, and the particle size range of the coarse gravel is 4-10 mm.

Further, the nutrition layer is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 48% of kitchen waste, 35% of soil, 15% of plant ash, 1.2% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and 0.8% of colloid containing beneficial bacteria.

Further, the overburden is fine grit, and fine grit's particle size is 0.5 ~ 1.5 mm.

Further, the base layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12% of pepper branches, 80% of filling material and 8% of wood powder.

Further, the base layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 23% of pepper branches, 70% of filling material and 7% of wood powder.

Further, the base layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 34% of pepper branches, 60% of filling material and 6% of wood powder.

Further, the base layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45% of pepper branches, 50% of filling material and 5% of wood powder.

Furthermore, a layer of latticed framework is arranged between the base layer and the nutrition layer and between the nutrition layer and the covering layer, and a support column is arranged at the lower end of each layer of framework.

According to another aspect of the invention, a preparation method of a breathable and heat-insulating pepper seedling culture substrate is provided, which comprises the following steps:

s101: pretreating, namely pulling the picked pepper branches out of a pepper field, drying in the sun and cutting off the pepper branches to a rod body with the length of 2 cm;

s102: preparing a base layer, namely wetting coarse gravel until water vapor is attached to the surface of the coarse gravel, weighing a certain proportion of wood powder and the coarse gravel, mixing the wood powder and the coarse gravel, then mixing pepper branches, and uniformly covering the mixture in a field;

s103: preparing a nutrition layer, collecting the semi-decomposed kitchen waste, crushing, adding plant ash according to the pH value of the kitchen waste and the pH value of the kitchen waste for neutralization, mixing the mixture with soil in the chili land, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and colloid containing beneficial bacteria after neutralization, and covering the mixture on a base layer after the mixture is uniform;

s104: and preparing a covering layer, and uniformly covering fine gravel on the nutrition layer to form the covering layer.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the breathable heat-preservation pepper seedling culture medium and the preparation method thereof, the base layer and the covering layer with large material particles are arranged as the upper layer and the lower layer of the nutrition layer, so that the pepper seedlings buried in the nutrition layer are ensured to be breathable.

2. According to the breathable and heat-insulating pepper seedling culture substrate and the preparation method thereof, the wood powder adhered to the surface of the coarse sand grains is arranged to improve the moisture retention and heat insulation of the base layer, the downward growth of tentacles at the roots of pepper seedlings is stimulated under the conditions of water shortage and cold, and the survival rate of the pepper seedlings is improved.

3. According to the ventilated heat-preservation pepper seedling culture medium and the preparation method thereof, pepper branches are cut off after being dried in the sun to serve as one of basic components, the basic hole-thinning property is improved in the early stage of pepper seedlings, decomposed pepper branches are used for supplementing nutritional ingredients required by growth in the later stage of pepper seedlings, and the nutritional ingredients come from pepper plants, so that the nutrition completely meets the growth requirements of the pepper seedlings.

4. According to the breathable and heat-insulating pepper seedling culture medium and the preparation method thereof, kitchen waste is used as a rotten organic matter, so that the nutrient components of the nutrient layer are enriched, the nutrient layer is easy to absorb and utilize by pepper seedling plants, and the kitchen waste can be recycled.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an overall structure diagram of a breathable and heat-insulating pepper seedling raising substrate in a first embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a preparation method of the ventilated heat-insulating pepper seedling substrate of the invention;

fig. 3 is an overall structure diagram of the air-permeable heat-insulating pepper seedling raising substrate in the fifth embodiment of the invention.

In the figure: 1. a base layer; 2. a nutritive layer; 3. a cover layer; 4. a latticed skeleton; 5. and a support pillar.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example one

Referring to fig. 1, a ventilated and heat-insulating pepper seedling raising substrate comprises a base layer 1, a nutrition layer 2 and a covering layer 3, wherein the base layer 1 is positioned below the nutrition layer 2, the covering layer 3 is positioned above the nutrition layer 2, and the thickness ratio of the base layer 1 to the nutrition layer 2 is 3: 5, the thickness of the covering layer 3 is 1mm, and the base layer 1 consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 12% of pepper branches, 80% of filling material and 8% of wood powder, wherein the mass percentage ratio of the filling material to the wood powder is 10: 1; the nutrition layer 2 consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 48% of kitchen waste, 35% of soil, 15% of plant ash, 1.2% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and 0.8% of colloid containing beneficial bacteria; the covering layer 3 is fine gravel with the grain diameter of 1 mm;

the filling material is coarse gravel or residual matrix containing more than 95% of coarse gravel, the particle size range of the coarse gravel is 6mm, the residual matrix is residual matrix left after pepper planting in the past year, the matrix is decomposed and nutrient is absorbed by pepper seedlings, the content of the residual nutrient (including pepper branches, wood flour and fine gravel) is less than 5%, the content of the fine gravel is increased along with the increase of the year, the matrix needs to be soaked and cleaned, and then the fine gravel is filtered, wherein the fine gravel and the coarse gravel can be recycled, the residual nutrient in the matrix can be recycled for 3-5 years, in the operation, when the residual matrix is directly used as the base layer 1, an operator only needs to scatter the wood flour and the pepper branches on the pepper planting land in the past year, the gravel is turned to mix to form a new base layer 1, the operation is simple and convenient, the practicability is strong, and the existing farming mode is met.

Referring to fig. 2, in order to better show the flow of the preparation method of the air-permeable and heat-insulating pepper seedling substrate, the embodiment now proposes a preparation method of an air-permeable and heat-insulating pepper seedling substrate, which includes the following steps:

s101: pretreating, namely pulling the picked pepper branches out of a pepper field, drying in the sun and cutting off the pepper branches to a rod body with the length of 2 cm; if the pepper is planted in the field in the first year, the pepper land with the pepper branches pulled out needs to be leveled again, if the pepper is planted in the field in the second to fifth years, the pepper branches are pulled out to be made into rod bodies, wood powder is added into the pepper land with the pepper branches pulled out, gravel layers in the field are turned, gravel and wood powder are mixed, the branches are added, and then the gravel layers are turned and mixed to form a base layer 1, water mist does not need to be sprayed in the process, and the surfaces of the gravel in the field contain water vapor;

s102: preparing a base layer 1, spraying moisture on coarse gravel until water vapor is attached to the surface of the coarse gravel, weighing a certain proportion of wood powder and the coarse gravel, mixing the wood powder and the coarse gravel, then mixing pepper branches, and uniformly covering the mixture in a field; spraying 100 ml of water to each kilogram of coarse gravel, atomizing the water by an atomizer, spraying the water in an atomized form, continuously turning the coarse gravel in the spraying process, adding wood powder, and continuously turning until the wood powder is completely attached to the surface of the wood powder;

s103: preparing a nutrition layer 2, collecting the kitchen garbage in a semi-rotten state, crushing, adding plant ash according to the pH value detected by the pH value detection to neutralize, mixing the neutralized mixture with soil in the chili land, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and colloid containing beneficial bacteria, and covering the base layer 1 after the mixture is uniform; since the process of collecting the kitchen garbage takes a long time and the kitchen garbage is easily decomposed, the kitchen garbage is already in a half-decomposed state when the garbage station provides the kitchen garbage

S104: overburden 3 preparation, evenly cover the fine gravel on nutrition layer 2, form overburden 3, this operation that covers the fine gravel can be before planting the hot pepper seedling, also can be after planting the hot pepper seedling, its purpose is in order to reduce the illumination and excessively consume moisture in nutrition layer 2, and overburden 3 is thin, and is light, and buffering rivers are to nutrition layer 2's impact during watering, avoid making nutrition layer 2 board real with nutrition layer 2 compaction or water impact, and the looseness of gas permeability and nutrition layer 2 is guaranteed in the fine sand clearance.

Example two

The difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is only that the content of each component in the base layer 1 in the present embodiment is different, and the base layer 1 in the present embodiment is composed of the following components by mass percent: 23% of pepper branches, 70% of filling material and 7% of wood powder.

EXAMPLE III

The difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is only that the content of each component in the base layer 1 in the present embodiment is different, and the base layer 1 in the present embodiment is composed of the following components by mass percent: 34% of pepper branches, 60% of filling material and 6% of wood powder.

Example four

The difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is only that the content of each component in the base layer 1 in the present embodiment is different, and the base layer 1 in the present embodiment is composed of the following components by mass percent: 45% of pepper branches, 50% of filling material and 5% of wood powder.

EXAMPLE five

Referring to fig. 3, the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is only that a latticed framework 4 is added in the first embodiment, a layer of latticed framework 4 is arranged between the base layer 1 and the nutrition layer 2, and a layer of latticed framework 4 is arranged between the nutrition layer 2 and the covering layer 3 in the second embodiment, the lower end of each layer of framework is provided with a support column 5, the addition of the latticed framework 4 is suitable for pot culture and is not suitable for planting in fields, because the planting area in fields is large, the framework is slow to implement and high in implementation cost, and the framework itself has no supportable point and cannot achieve corresponding effects, if pepper seedlings are planted in pots, the framework takes the pot bottom as a support, when planting, a layer of latticed framework 4 is supposed, the support columns 5 of the latticed framework 4 make the latticed framework 4 overhead, the distance between the latticed framework 4 and the pot bottom is 6 cm, then the base layer 1 is filled between the latticed framework 4 and the pot bottom, after the completion, a layer of latticed framework 4 is erected above the base layer 1 according to the same steps, the struts 5 of the latticed framework 4 are fixedly connected to the latticed framework 4 under the struts to form a support, and the nutrient layer 2 is filled between the two layers of latticed frameworks 4; along with the absorption of nutrient substances, the decomposition and absorption of substances such as pepper branches and trunks, wood flour, kitchen garbage and the like, the upper surface of the matrix is gradually settled, excessive settlement is prevented by utilizing framework support, the settling rate is slowed down, the substances are decomposed and disappear, the looseness of planting soil is improved, pepper seedlings can grow only by supplementing moisture, and secondly, the framework can prevent the pepper seedlings which are gradually heightened from toppling over.

Comparative example 1

The difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is only that the content of each component in the base layer 1 in the present embodiment is different, and the base layer 1 in the present embodiment is composed of the following components by mass percent: 23% of pepper branches and stems and 77% of filling material.

Comparative example No. two

The difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is only that the content of each component in the base layer 1 in the present embodiment is different, and the base layer 1 in the present embodiment is composed of the following components by mass percent: 94% of filling material and 6% of wood powder.

The components and the mass percentages of the components in the base layer 1 in the above examples and comparative examples are counted, and the obtained data are shown in the following table 1:

TABLE 1 statistical data of the components and mass percentages of the components in the base layer

	Hot pepper branch	Filler material	Wood flour
				Example one	12％	80％	8％
Example two	23％	70％	7％
				EXAMPLE III	34％	60％	6％
Example four	45％	50％	5％
				Comparative example 1	23％	77％	-
Comparative example No. two	-	94％	6％

The seedling raising substrates prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were used to raise 500 pepper seedlings of the same variety, with the watering amount being 15 ml per two days, the first year of cultivation, the cultivation mode being field cultivation, the pepper seedlings being completely the same in cultivation, and the pepper seedlings were observed and detected during and after cultivation, and the obtained data statistics are shown in table 2 below:

TABLE 1 high adhesion detection data for performance of acrylic polyurethane medium grey finish

Item

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

Comparative example 1

Comparative example 2

Survival rate at 35 deg.C

99.6％

99.6％

99.8％

99.6％

81.6％

72.6％

Root length at 35 deg.C

14.3cm

14.8cm

15.0cm

14.5cm

10.2cm

10.4cm

Survival rate at 20 deg.C

99.6％

99.6％

99.6％

99.6％

99.4％

99.4％

Root length at 20 DEG C

12.5cm

11.8cm

13.0cm

12.6cm

10.2cm

10.4cm

Survival rate at 5 deg.C

99.6％

99.6％

99.8％

99.6％

78.8％

83.6％

Root length at 5 deg.C

14.3cm

14.8cm

15.0cm

14.5cm

10.2cm

10.4cm

As can be seen from the data in the table above: the base layer 1 in the breathable and heat-insulating pepper seedling culture medium prepared by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: when the pepper branches and stems are 34%, the filling material is 60% and the wood powder is 6%, the obtained pepper matrix is the most excellent in pepper cultivation, under the condition of low-temperature or high-temperature water shortage, the survival rate of pepper seedlings in the first to fourth examples can still reach more than 99%, the root system is developed, and when plants in the first and second comparative examples face the condition of high-temperature water shortage or low-temperature water shortage, the survival rate is reduced to below 85%, and the root system is not developed.

In summary, the following steps: according to the breathable heat-preservation pepper seedling culture medium and the preparation method thereof, the base layer 1 with large material particles and the covering layer 3 are arranged as the upper layer and the lower layer of the nutrition layer 2, so that pepper seedlings buried in the nutrition layer 2 are ensured to be breathable; the wood flour adhered to the surface of the coarse sand grains is arranged to improve the moisture retention and heat preservation of the base layer 1, stimulate tentacles at the roots of the pepper seedlings to grow downwards under the conditions of water shortage and cold, and improve the survival rate of the pepper seedlings; cutting the dried pepper branches after being dried in the sun to be used as one of the components of the base layer 1, improving the porosity of the base layer 1 in the early stage of pepper seedlings, supplementing nutrient components required by growth by utilizing the decomposed pepper branches in the later stage of pepper seedlings, wherein the nutrient components come from pepper plants, so that the nutrient completely meets the growth requirements of the pepper seedlings; the kitchen waste is set as a rotten organic matter, so that the nutrient components of the nutrient layer 2 are enriched, the pepper seedlings can easily absorb and utilize the nutrient components, and the kitchen waste can be recycled.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.