阅读说明：本技术 一种改进型池塘工业化养殖系统 (Improved pond industrial aquaculture system ) 是由 张朝晖 张永江 郭闯 盖建军 姚国兴 芦光宇 张岩 于 2020-03-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种改进型池塘工业化养殖系统,包括养殖区和生态净化区,所述养殖区包括养殖水槽、气提式增氧机、底增氧装置、污垢传输槽和吸污装置,所述生态净化区设有环形沟和田面,所述环形沟沿集排污区开挖,挖出的塘泥置于环形沟与养殖区的衔接处垫高、夯实并形成田面。相较于现有技术,本发明所述的改进型池塘工业化养殖系统,通过对生态净化区的合理构建,最大化地发挥生态净化区的利用率,在保障养殖系统生态效益良好的前提下,显著地提高生态净化区产出的经济效益,使池塘工业化养殖系统更容易被养殖者采纳和规模化应用,有利于促进渔民增收渔业增效,推动渔业产业转型升级进程。(The invention discloses an improved pond industrialized culture system, which comprises a culture area and an ecological purification area, wherein the culture area comprises a culture water tank, an air-lift type aerator, a bottom aerator, a dirt transmission groove and a dirt suction device, the ecological purification area is provided with an annular ditch and a field surface, the annular ditch is excavated along a dirt collection and discharge area, and the excavated pond sludge is placed at the joint of the annular ditch and the culture area, is heightened and tamped and forms the field surface. Compared with the prior art, the improved pond industrial aquaculture system disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the utilization rate of the ecological purification area is maximized through reasonable construction of the ecological purification area, the economic benefit of the output of the ecological purification area is obviously improved on the premise of ensuring good ecological benefit of the aquaculture system, the pond industrial aquaculture system is easier to be adopted and applied in a large scale by culturists, the fishery efficiency increase is promoted for fishermen, and the fishery industry transformation and upgrading process is promoted.)

1. An improved pond industrial aquaculture system comprises an aquaculture area (1) and an ecological purification area (2), wherein the aquaculture area (1) comprises an aquaculture water tank, an air-lift type aerator, a bottom aerator, a dirt transmission tank and a dirt suction device (a dirt collection and discharge area), the ecological purification area (2) is provided with an annular ditch (3) and a field surface (4), the annular ditch (3) is excavated along the dirt collection and discharge area, and the excavated pond sludge is placed at the joint of the annular ditch (3) and the aquaculture area (1) and is heightened, tamped and forms the field surface (4);

the culture area (1) accounts for 3% -5% of the total area of the industrial culture pond, and the ecological purification area (2) accounts for 95% -97% of the total area of the industrial culture pond; the area of the field surface (4) accounts for 35-40% of the total area of the industrial aquaculture pond;

the culture area (1) is formed by arranging a plurality of culture water tanks in parallel, and each culture water tank is 1.8-2.0 m deep, 18-20 m long and 5-6 m wide;

the depth of the ecological purification area (2) is 1.2m to 1.5m, an annular ditch (3) is formed by digging 0.6m to 0.8m under the pond, and the width of the annular ditch (3) is equal to that of the culture area (1); the height of the field surface (4) after being leveled is 1.1m-1.2m, namely the distance between the field surface (4) and the bottom of the annular ditch (3);

the culture area (1) is arranged at the edge of an industrial culture pond system;

and a water pusher is arranged in the annular ditch (3).

2. The improved pond industrial aquaculture system of claim 1, which is used for culturing pelteobagrus fulvidraco, and comprises the following steps:

1) and (3) aquatic plant cultivation:

transplanting waterweeds and hydrilla verticillata in the purification area, wherein the coverage rate of waterweeds accounts for 60-80% of the area of the purification area; each 667m after transplanting the aquatic weeds²Applying 0.8-1.2 kg of amino acid and fertilizer water;

2) stocking offspring seeds

5 in middle ten days of the month, when the temperature is stabilized at 25-30 ℃, every 667m²Breeding 3900-4100 fish seeds of 80-100 fish/kg pelteobagrus fulvidraco;

each 667m²Matching and breeding 150-200 g/tail silver carp seeds 28-32 and 150-200 g/tail bighead carp seeds 9-11;

the pelteobagrus fulvidraco fingerlings are put in a breeding water tank; the silver carp and the bighead carp are bred in the ecological purification area;

3) feeding baits:

feeding the pelteobagrus fulvidraco:

the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed is a floating compound feed, and the mass percentage of crude protein in the compound feed is not less than 38%;

feeding the fish in 5-6 months according to 4.5-5.5% of the weight of the fish;

feeding the fish in 7-8 months according to 5.4-6.6% of the weight of the fish;

feeding the fish in 9-10 months according to not less than 3% of the weight of the fish;

after 11 months, the feed feeding proportion is gradually reduced until the fish is fed according to not less than 1 percent of the weight of the fish;

the breed bred in the ecological purification area is not fed independently;

4) water quality regulation:

usually, every 667m every 15-20 days²Splashing 4.5-5.5 kg of quicklime into the water; keeping the pH value of the water in the pool at 7.8-8.5 and keeping the dissolved oxygen at more than 4 mg/L;

in the middle ten days of 6 months to the last 9 months, spraying a proper amount of the composite bacillus microbial preparation every 20 days, wherein the content of effective viable bacteria is more than 100 hundred million/g, and the transparency of the water body is improved to 30cm-40 cm;

5) disease control:

the mixture of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate is used for killing insects for 1 time every 30 days according to the dosage of 0.5 mg/kg;

6) fishing:

the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is captured from the bottom of 12 months to 1 month in the next year.

Silver carp and bighead carp: in 9-10 months of the next year, silver carps and bighead carps with the specification of 2000 g/tail-2500 g/tail in the capture ecological purification area are sold on the market.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to an improved pond industrial aquaculture system.

Background

Traditional pond culture generally carries out aquaculture in soil ponds of a certain area, and except that the disadvantages of high labor cost and low efficiency of carrying out culture management measures such as pond cleaning, feed feeding, fish medicine application and the like exist, the traditional pond culture is also influenced by adverse factors such as irregular pond terrain and difficult evaluation of fry survival rate, so that the use amount of fish input products such as feed, microbial agents, fish medicines and the like is difficult to accurately calculate and apply, the culture cost input and culture management and control risks are increased, and in addition, frequent water feeding and draining also easily causes waste of water resources and pollution to water environment.

Through continuous exploration and improvement, the pond industrial aquaculture system is good in condition and good in yield, and has the advantages of being convenient to daily manage, saving labor cost, saving land and water resources, high in fry survival rate, good in quality of aquatic products, convenient to concentrate for feeding, high in feed utilization rate, suitable for common aquaculture of fishes of different varieties and different specifications, convenient to catch and the like in design.

Specifically, the characteristics of the residual feed and fish excrement (particularly in 7, 8 and 9 months) that the residual feed and the fish excrement are easy to soften and dissipate in a water body and ferment and decompose to form suspended matters are limited, so that the current technological level of the pond industrial culture system is difficult to perform sufficient sewage collection and suction treatment; second, cultivation practice shows that about 70% of residual baits, feces and metabolites thereof cannot be effectively treated by collecting and discharging sewage, and the phenomena of water eutrophication and water quality deterioration of the industrial pond cultivation system are common; thirdly, in order to ensure the quality safety of aquatic products bred in the breeding area, only aquatic plants or aquatic vegetables are allowed to be planted in the ecological purification area in principle, or filter feeding fishes (silver carps and bighead carps), shellfishes (freshwater mussels), snails and the like are put in the ecological purification area at low density to improve the water quality, the feeding fishes are not allowed to be put in the ecological purification area, the feeding breeding is particularly stopped, and if the feeding fishes are fed and bred in the ecological purification area, the design of a pond industrial breeding system is violated; fourthly, in terms of area ratio of the pond industrial culture system, the culture area only accounts for 3% -5% of the total area of the pond, the area of the ecological purification area accounts for the rest 95% -97%, and the construction cost of the culture water tank of the pond industrial culture system is high; and fifthly, from the current supervision and control strength of the quality safety of the aquatic products and the demands of consumers, the two high prices and supply needs of high-quality aquatic products cannot be fully guaranteed, and the farmer is expected to spontaneously abandon the water area of the ecological purification area and not cultivate the aquatic products to promote production and income in order to guarantee the quality safety of the aquatic products and the ecological benefits of the water body, so that the realizability of the farmer is not high.

The zero emission and standardized cultivation of the circulating water for cultivation is the development trend of modern fishery and the urgent need of transformation and upgrading of fishery industry, and a pond industrialized cultivation system which not only conforms to the development direction of the modern fishery industry, but also can be adopted and utilized by vast culturists is optimized and constructed, and is the responsibility of vast aquatic product science and technology workers.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the improved pond industrial aquaculture system which is simple in construction and strong in operability, the utilization rate of the ecological purification area is maximized through reasonably constructing the ecological purification area, the economic benefit of the output of the ecological purification area is obviously improved on the premise of ensuring the good ecological benefit of the aquaculture system, the pond industrial aquaculture system is easier to be adopted and applied in a large scale by culturists, the fishery efficiency increase is promoted for fisheries, and the transformation and upgrading process of the fishery industry is promoted.

The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses an improved pond industrial aquaculture system, which comprises an aquaculture area and an ecological purification area, wherein the aquaculture area comprises an aquaculture water tank, an air-lift type aerator, a bottom aerator, a dirt transmission tank and a dirt suction device (a dirt collection and discharge area), the ecological purification area is provided with an annular ditch and a field surface, the annular ditch is excavated along the dirt collection and discharge area, and the excavated pond sludge is placed at the joint of the annular ditch and the aquaculture area, is heightened and tamped and forms the field surface;

according to the improved pond industrial culture system, the annular ditch can serve as another culture area outside the culture area, and emergent aquatic vegetables or crops with higher economic benefits can be planted on the field surface;

in the invention, the culture area accounts for 3-5% of the total area of the industrial culture pond, and the ecological purification area accounts for 95-97% of the total area of the industrial culture pond; the field area accounts for 35-40% of the total area of the industrial aquaculture pond;

the culture area is formed by a plurality of culture water tanks in parallel, and each culture water tank is 1.8-2.0 m deep, 18-20 m long and 5-6 m wide;

the depth of the ecological purification area is 1.2-1.5m, an annular ditch is formed by digging 0.6-0.8m downwards the ecological purification area, and the width of the annular ditch is equal to that of the culture area; the height of the leveled field surface, namely the distance between the field surface and the bottom of the annular ditch is 1.1-1.2 m;

the culture area can be arranged at the edge or the middle of the industrial culture pond, but is preferably arranged at the edge of the industrial culture pond system on the basis of the convenience of developing culture management measures such as feeding, disease control and catching and the consideration of construction cost;

the water flow in the annular ditch can be directly circulated by blowing of natural wind, and a water pusher can be preferably arranged in the annular ditch to strengthen the water flow circulation;

the construction method of the pond industrialized culture system comprises the following steps: selecting an aquaculture pond (preferably 25-30 mu) with a proper area to construct a pond industrialized aquaculture system, and dividing the aquaculture pond into an aquaculture area and an ecological purification area surrounding the aquaculture area, wherein the aquaculture area accounts for 3-5% of the total area of the industrialized aquaculture pond, and the ecological purification area accounts for 95-97% of the total area of the industrialized aquaculture pond; the ecological purification area is provided with an annular ditch and a field surface, the annular ditch is excavated along the sewage collection and discharge area, and the excavated pond sludge is placed at the joint of the annular ditch and the culture area, is heightened and tamped to form the field surface, so that the field surface area accounts for 35-40% of the total area of the industrial culture pond;

through the transformation of the ecological purification area, the transformed pond industrialized culture system is utilized to the maximum extent: firstly, the pond appearance of the ecological purification area forms a pattern with high and low levels, so that on one hand, a planting and breeding combination mode is conveniently and fully developed, and on the other hand, the water body flowing circulation of the whole ecological purification area is also convenient; secondly, the annular ditch is the deepest part of the water level in the ecological purification area and can be used for breeding special economic varieties with omnivorous properties such as freshwater shrimps, loaches and the like; thirdly, the field surface part is the part with the shallowest water level in the ecological purification area and can be used for planting emergent aquatic vegetables or crops with higher economic value, such as lotus roots, rice and the like; fourthly, an annular ditch is excavated along the sewage collection and discharge area of the culture water tank, so that after residual bait, fish feces and metabolites which are dissipated from the sewage collection and discharge area enter the ecological purification area, benign material circulation is realized in the ecological purification area through the ingestion behavior of the special aquatic product species with omnivory, the absorption and utilization of plankton and emergent vegetables or crops, and the micro-circulation and self-purification capacity of the water body; fifthly, the shading effect of emergent aquatic plants can reduce the water temperature of the water body of the ecological purification area, the rapid growth of aquatic animals in the culture (water tank) area can be promoted through circulating flow, the occurrence of culture diseases can be effectively prevented, the quality and quality safety of aquatic products can be guaranteed, and the ecological benefit is remarkable.

Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the improved industrialized aquaculture pond system disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the ecological purification area is reasonably constructed, so that the system is more convenient to comprehensively cultivate and breed, the utilization rate of the ecological purification area can be maximally exerted, the economic benefit of the output of the ecological purification area is obviously improved on the premise of ensuring the good ecological benefit of the aquaculture system, the pond industrialized aquaculture system is easier to be adopted and applied in a large scale by an aquaculture person, the fishery income increasing and efficiency increasing of fisheries are promoted, and the fishery industry transformation and upgrading process is promoted.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

fig. 2 is another schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.

Examples

Selecting a 25 mu aquaculture pond to build an improved pond industrial aquaculture system, wherein the aquaculture pond system is rectangular and is divided into an aquaculture area 1 and a remaining ecological purification area 2 surrounding the aquaculture area 1, the aquaculture area 1 is arranged at the edge of the pond, the area of the aquaculture area 1 accounts for 3% of the total area of the industrial aquaculture pond, and the area of the ecological purification area 2 accounts for 97% of the total area of the industrial aquaculture pond; the culture area 1 is provided with a culture water tank, an air-lift type aerator, a bottom aerator, a dirt transmission tank and a dirt absorbing device (a dirt collecting and discharging area), and the ecological purification area 2 is provided with an annular ditch 3 and a field surface 4; the annular ditch 3 is excavated along the sewage collection and discharge area, a closed loop shown in figure 1 can be formed, a section shown in figure 2 can be arranged according to actual conditions, the excavated pond sludge is placed at the joint of the annular ditch 3 and the culture area 1, the pond sludge is heightened and tamped to form a field surface 4, and the area of the field surface 4 accounts for 40% of the total area of the industrial culture pond.

The culture area 1 in the improved industrial culture pond system is formed by arranging a plurality of culture water tanks in parallel, wherein each culture water tank is 2.0m deep, 18m long and 5m wide; the depth of the ecological purification area 2 is 1.2m, an annular ditch 3 is formed by digging 0.6m downwards, and the width of the annular ditch 3 is equal to that of the culture area 1; the height of the land 4 after leveling (namely the distance between the land 4 and the bottom of the annular ditch 3) is 1.1 m. The water flow in the annular groove 3 can be circulated by blowing of natural wind, and preferably, a water pusher can be installed in the annular groove 3 to enhance the water flow circulation.

In the industrialization breed pond system after this application improves, the annular ditch can regard as another breed district outside the breed district, can plant the higher emergent aquatic vegetables of economic benefits and crops on the field.

The method for cultivating the pelteobagrus fulvidraco by using the pond industrial cultivation system comprises the following steps:

1) and (3) aquatic plant cultivation:

transplanting waterweeds and hydrilla verticillata in the purification area, wherein the coverage rate of waterweeds accounts for 60-80% of the area of the purification area; each 667m after transplanting the aquatic weeds²Applying 0.8-1.2 kg of amino acid and fertilizer water;

2) stocking offspring seeds

5 in middle ten days of the month, when the temperature is stabilized at 25-30 ℃, every 667m²Breeding 3900-4100 fish seeds of 80-100 fish/kg pelteobagrus fulvidraco;

each 667m²Matching and breeding 150-200 g/tail silver carp seeds 28-32 and 150-200 g/tail bighead carp seeds 9-11;

the pelteobagrus fulvidraco fingerlings are put in a breeding water tank; the silver carp and the bighead carp are bred in the ecological purification area;

3) feeding baits:

feeding the pelteobagrus fulvidraco:

the pelteobagrus fulvidraco feed is a floating compound feed, and the mass percentage of crude protein in the compound feed is not less than 38%;

feeding the fish in 5-6 months according to 4.5-5.5% of the weight of the fish;

feeding the fish in 7-8 months according to 5.4-6.6% of the weight of the fish;

feeding the fish in 9-10 months according to not less than 3% of the weight of the fish;

after 11 months, the feed feeding proportion is gradually reduced until the fish is fed according to not less than 1 percent of the weight of the fish;

the breed bred in the ecological purification area is not fed independently;

4) water quality regulation:

usually, every 667m every 15-20 days²Splashing 4.5-5.5 kg of quicklime into the water; maintaining the pH of the pond waterThe dissolved oxygen is kept above 4mg/L within 7.8-8.5;

in the middle ten days of 6 months to the last 9 months, spraying a proper amount of the composite bacillus microbial preparation every 20 days, wherein the content of effective viable bacteria is more than 100 hundred million/g, and the transparency of the water body is improved to 30cm-40 cm;

5) disease control:

the mixture of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate is used for killing insects for 1 time every 30 days according to the dosage of 0.5 mg/kg;

6) fishing:

the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is captured from the bottom of 12 months to 1 month in the next year.

Silver carp and bighead carp: in 9-10 months of the next year, silver carps and bighead carps with the specification of 2000 g/tail-2500 g/tail in the capture ecological purification area are sold on the market.

The method is adopted for trial in a plurality of culture ponds in the downstream area of the Yangtze river, and 350-370 kg of pelteobagrus fulvidraco with the concentration of 100-120 g/tail is captured per mu.