阅读说明：本技术 一种多元废弃物轻简化节能减排好氧兼厌氧堆肥系统 (Energy-saving emission-reducing aerobic and anaerobic composting system with light and simple multi-waste ) 是由 李瑞容 陈永生 蔡亮 王鹏军 曹杰 曲浩丽 陈明江 于 2020-06-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种多元废弃物轻简化节能减排好氧兼厌氧堆肥系统,包括机架、圆筒形发酵仓和通风-粉碎复合装置,所述发酵仓密封设置并安装在机架上,所述发酵仓包括自外向内分为三层,依次是渗滤液厌氧发酵腔、通风腔和物料好氧发酵堆肥腔,所述通风腔的底部设有回弹挡水板,所述通风-粉碎复合装置设置在物料好氧发酵堆肥腔内,所述发酵仓内生产出的气体经处理达标后排放。本发明能够以村镇家庭为单位进行易腐有机垃圾的无害化清洁处理。(The invention relates to a light-simplified energy-saving emission-reducing aerobic and anaerobic composting system for multi-element wastes, which comprises a rack, a cylindrical fermentation bin and a ventilation-crushing composite device, wherein the fermentation bin is hermetically arranged and installed on the rack, the fermentation bin comprises three layers which are divided from outside to inside and sequentially comprise a leachate anaerobic fermentation cavity, a ventilation cavity and a material aerobic fermentation composting cavity, the bottom of the ventilation cavity is provided with a rebound water baffle, the ventilation-crushing composite device is arranged in the material aerobic fermentation composting cavity, and gas produced in the fermentation bin is discharged after reaching the standard after being treated. The invention can perform harmless cleaning treatment on perishable organic garbage by taking village and town families as units.)

1. A multi-waste light-simplification energy-saving emission-reduction aerobic and anaerobic composting system is characterized in that: comprises a frame, a cylindrical fermentation bin, a ventilation-pulverization composite device, a deodorization device and a liquid storage barrel; the fermentation bin is arranged on the frame in a sealing way, and the deodorization device is provided with an air inlet and an air exhaust valve;

the fermentation bin comprises a first stainless steel cylinder, a second stainless steel cylinder, a first ventilating cylinder and a second ventilating cylinder which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside and are coaxial, the first ventilating cylinder is tightly attached to the second ventilating cylinder, a percolate anaerobic fermentation cavity is formed between the first stainless steel cylinder and the second stainless steel cylinder, a ventilating cavity is formed between the second stainless steel cylinder and the first ventilating cylinder, and a material aerobic fermentation compost cavity is formed inside the second ventilating cylinder;

the leachate anaerobic fermentation cavity is provided with a liquid outlet valve which is communicated with the liquid storage barrel; an air outlet valve and a feed inlet which can be opened and closed are arranged on the material aerobic fermentation composting cavity, and the air outlet valve is communicated with an air inlet of the deodorization device;

the first ventilating barrel and the second ventilating barrel are respectively provided with a first hole and a second hole which are matched with each other, the first ventilating barrel is provided with a handle, and the handle can drive the first ventilating barrel to rotate around the second ventilating barrel, so that the first ventilating barrel has an open state in which the first hole and the second hole are overlapped and a closed state in which the first hole and the second hole are staggered;

the bottom of the second stainless steel cylinder is provided with a plurality of third holes, the second stainless steel cylinder is fixedly connected with a liquid storage cavity extending downwards, the top of the liquid storage cavity surrounds all the third holes, and the bottom of the liquid storage cavity is provided with a rebound water baffle through a spring hinge;

the fermentation chamber is provided with an air guide pipe, and the air guide pipe extends into the ventilation cavity from the outside of the fermentation chamber;

the ventilation-crushing composite device comprises a central rotating shaft arranged in the aerobic fermentation composting cavity of the material, an artificial power device capable of driving the central rotating shaft to rotate and a plurality of cutter shafts fixed between the central rotating shaft and the second ventilating barrel, wherein the cutter shafts are provided with a plurality of ventilation holes which are mutually communicated, and the cutter shafts are also provided with throwing cutters.

2. The multi-waste light-simplification energy-saving emission-reducing aerobic and anaerobic composting system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the fermentation storehouse has two, and the center axis of rotation of two fermentation storehouses is in the same place.

3. The multi-waste light-simplification energy-saving emission-reduction aerobic and anaerobic composting system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the deodorization device is a biological filter, and an air pump driven by a battery is arranged on a connecting pipeline between an air outlet valve of the fermentation bin and an air inlet of the biological filter.

4. The multi-waste light-simplification energy-saving emission-reduction aerobic and anaerobic composting system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and a sealing rubber ring matched with the rebound water baffle is arranged at the bottom of the liquid storage cavity.

5. The multi-waste light-simplification energy-saving emission-reduction aerobic and anaerobic composting system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the cutter shaft is arranged along the radial direction of the second ventilating barrel.

6. The multi-waste light-simplification energy-saving emission-reduction aerobic and anaerobic composting system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the steel wire mesh covers the ventilation hole of the cutter shaft, and the steel wire mesh covers the second hole.

7. The multi-waste light-simplification energy-saving emission-reduction aerobic and anaerobic composting system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the plurality of air guide pipes are arranged on the fermentation bin in a staggered manner; the air guide pipe is composed of a straight pipe section and a bent pipe section, the whole body is in a cigarette bag shape, and the bent pipe is positioned outside the fermentation bin.

8. The multi-waste light-simplification energy-saving emission-reduction aerobic and anaerobic composting system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and the air guide pipe is provided with a switch valve.

9. The multi-waste light-simplification energy-saving emission-reduction aerobic and anaerobic composting system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and the bottom of the rack is provided with rollers.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a system capable of performing aerobic and anaerobic composting on multicomponent wastes such as perishable garbage, kitchen garbage, waste vegetables and the like, and belongs to the technical field of domestic garbage treatment.

Background

According to the survey of Ministry of health, the scale of domestic garbage generation in rural areas of China at present is about 3 hundred million tons every year. However, according to the statistics of the housing and urban and rural construction departments, the harmless treatment rate of domestic garbage in the towns and villages built in 2016 is only 44.99% and 15.82%, and only 62.2% of administrative villages treat the domestic garbage. The newly produced domestic garbage and aged garbage occupy a large amount of land, even farmlands, and pollution of surface water, underground water, soil and atmosphere is ubiquitous.

According to statistics, the per-capita production amount of domestic garbage in rural areas in China is 0.76 kg/day, the content of perishable garbage (perishable garbage in household life generally comprises waste vegetables, shells, melon peels, kitchen garbage and the like) in rural domestic garbage in northern areas is about 25.69%, the content of perishable garbage in rural domestic garbage in southern areas is about 43.56%, in economically-developed eastern coastal areas, the content of perishable garbage in rural domestic garbage is generally more than 50%, and perishable garbage is one of the main components in rural domestic garbage.

Perishable garbage often has the characteristics of high moisture content and high secondary pollution risk, and is perishable and rotten in natural environment, becomes the pollution source that hinders normal production and life, causes environmental pollution, and a large amount of perishable garbage mixes among the house refuse and not only pollutes recoverable thing (especially paper class) in the rubbish, has the secondary pollution risk of filtration liquid, foul smell again. In the operation of the rural garbage classification system at the present stage, the classification accuracy and the full-chain coordination of the system still stay at the primary stage, the proportion of the perishable garbage with the highest content to be effectively recycled is very low, and a large amount of domestic garbage still adopts a harmless treatment mode of sanitary landfill and incineration. Rural areas with relatively rich land resources are planned by taking town areas or county areas as units to establish domestic garbage sanitary landfill sites, but many of the rural areas only belong to simple landfill modes, and secondary pollution hidden dangers such as leachate, heavy metals and the like exist. With the advancement of national garbage classification, a device capable of conveniently treating perishable garbage is urgently needed to realize harmless cleaning treatment of the garbage.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: provided is an aerobic and anaerobic composting system capable of performing harmless and clean treatment of a plurality of wastes such as perishable organic waste in units of village and town households.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a multi-waste light-weight simplified energy-saving emission-reduction aerobic and anaerobic composting system comprises a frame, a cylindrical fermentation bin, a ventilation-crushing composite device, a deodorizing device and a liquid storage barrel; the fermentation bin is arranged on the frame in a sealing way, and the deodorization device is provided with an air inlet and an air exhaust valve;

the fermentation bin comprises a first stainless steel cylinder, a second stainless steel cylinder, a first ventilating cylinder and a second ventilating cylinder which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside and are coaxial, the first ventilating cylinder is tightly attached to the second ventilating cylinder, a percolate anaerobic fermentation cavity is formed between the first stainless steel cylinder and the second stainless steel cylinder, a ventilating cavity is formed between the second stainless steel cylinder and the first ventilating cylinder, and a material aerobic fermentation compost cavity is formed inside the second ventilating cylinder;

the leachate anaerobic fermentation cavity is provided with a liquid outlet valve which is communicated with the liquid storage barrel; an air outlet valve and a feed inlet which can be opened and closed are arranged on the material aerobic fermentation composting cavity, and the air outlet valve is communicated with an air inlet of the deodorization device;

the first ventilating barrel and the second ventilating barrel are respectively provided with a first hole and a second hole which are matched with each other, the first ventilating barrel is provided with a handle, and the handle can drive the first ventilating barrel to rotate around the second ventilating barrel, so that the first ventilating barrel has an open state in which the first hole and the second hole are overlapped and a closed state in which the first hole and the second hole are staggered;

the bottom of the second stainless steel cylinder is provided with a plurality of third holes, the second stainless steel cylinder is fixedly connected with a liquid storage cavity extending downwards, the top of the liquid storage cavity surrounds all the third holes, and the bottom of the liquid storage cavity is provided with a rebound water baffle through a spring hinge;

the fermentation chamber is provided with an air guide pipe, and the air guide pipe extends into the ventilation cavity from the outside of the fermentation chamber;

the ventilation-crushing composite device comprises a central rotating shaft arranged in the aerobic fermentation composting cavity of the material, an artificial power device capable of driving the central rotating shaft to rotate and a plurality of cutter shafts fixed between the central rotating shaft and the second ventilating barrel, wherein the cutter shafts are provided with a plurality of ventilation holes which are mutually communicated, and the cutter shafts are also provided with throwing cutters.

The system is suitable for light and simplified composting of multi-element wastes, and is particularly suitable for composting of perishable organic wastes (including waste vegetables, fruit shells, melon peels and the like) and a small amount of kitchen wastes generated by village and town families.

When the invention is used, after the feeding to the fermentation chamber is completed through the feeding hole, a small amount of strengthening microbial inoculum is added into the material aerobic fermentation composting cavity, then the fermentation chamber body is closed, the material can be discharged after continuous aerobic fermentation for about 20 days (shorter summer time and longer winter time), and the fertilizer rich in organic matters is produced and can be directly scattered to vegetable fields, orchards and gardens as the fertilizer, and no residue is left after full utilization. In the aerobic fermentation period, the central rotating shaft is driven to rotate for a plurality of times by the manual power device every day to drive the fermentation bin to rotate, so that oxygen required by fermentation can be supplemented, massive materials can be crushed by the flail knife, multiple purposes are achieved, and efficient heat and mass transfer of the materials is realized.

A small amount of liquid generated in the composting process is collected into a percolate anaerobic fermentation cavity through a liquid outlet at the bottom, is discharged into a liquid storage barrel after anaerobic fermentation, can be used as liquid fertilizer, and is diluted and then applied to vegetable fields, orchards and gardens. The invention realizes the full-sealed treatment in the composting process, the generated greenhouse gases and harmful gases are collected in a centralized way, and the greenhouse gases and the harmful gases are discharged after being treated by a small deodorization device after reaching the standard.

The invention has small occupied area, does not need power, has strong adaptability of raw materials, does not need pretreatment, can be placed in various occasions such as the open air, balconies, greenhouses and the like for use, has the built-in ventilation-crushing composite device greatly improved the fermentation efficiency, can take liquid and solid residues generated by fermentation as fertilizers rich in organic matters to be returned to the field for application, can timely collect gas generated in the process and discharge the gas to the atmosphere after treatment, has the advantages of energy conservation and emission reduction and environmental protection in the process, and provides a high-efficiency cleaning method for the harmless treatment of multi-component wastes such as perishable organic garbage and the like.

Preferably, the fermentation chambers are two, and the central rotating shafts of the two fermentation chambers are connected together. The two fermentation bins alternately feed (the single bin body can continuously feed every day for 20 days) and discharge, so that the generated garbage is timely treated.

Drawings

The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fermentation tank.

FIG. 3 is a side (end) view of the fermentation chamber.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a feedwell.

Fig. 5 is a partial schematic view of the first and second chimney.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the installation structure of the rebound water deflector.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the cutter shaft.

Reference numerals: 1-a rotating bearing, 2-a push rod, 3-a feed inlet, 4-a push plate, 5-an air guide pipe, 6-a crankshaft, 7-a rocker, 8-a fermentation bin, 9-a liquid outlet valve, 10-a liquid storage barrel, 11-an air emptying valve, 12-a deodorizing device, 13-an air pump, 14-a pressure regulating valve, 15-an air outlet valve, 16-a support frame, 17-a pedal, 18-a pedal rotating shaft, 19-a roller, 20-a frame, 21-an air inlet, 22-a percolate anaerobic fermentation cavity, 23-a central rotating shaft, 24-a first ventilating barrel, 25-a second ventilating barrel, 26-a cutter holder, 27-a fastener, 28-a flail cutter, 29-a steel wire mesh, 30-a ventilating hole, 31-a cutter shaft and 32-a cutter roller, 33-an air outlet valve, 34-a liquid outlet valve, 35-a moving groove, 36-a handle, 37-a spring hinge, 38-a pore plate, 39-a rebound water baffle, 40-a sealing rubber ring, 41-a steel wire mesh, 42-a sealing rubber sheet, 43-external threads, 44-a fastener, 45-internal threads, 46-a first stainless steel cylinder, 47-a second stainless steel cylinder, 48-a ventilation cavity, 49-a material conveying pipe, 50-a first hole, 51-a second hole and 52-a liquid storage cavity.

Detailed Description