阅读说明：本技术 一种蔬果专用有机肥的制备方法 (Preparation method of organic fertilizer special for vegetables and fruits ) 是由 孙耐丰 于 2019-02-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种蔬果专用有机肥的制备方法,具体步骤如下：S1、原料选取,S2、粉碎,S3、搅拌混合,S4、密封发酵,S5、除臭压滤,S6、发酵干料造粒,S7、发酵液均质浓缩。本发明通过密封发酵、压滤、均质浓缩处理、灭菌、除臭等工序,可以制取两种不同状态的蔬果有机肥,便于储存使用,易于工业化推广,且原料来源丰富,工艺简单,操作方便,且制作成本比较低,具有很好的营养价值,通过包含畜禽粪便、植物秸秆、饼粕、野生绿肥食用菌菌渣等各种原料,不仅能为农作物提供全面营养,而且肥效长,可增加和更新土壤有机质,促进微生物繁殖,有效改善土壤的理化性质和生物活性。(The invention discloses a preparation method of a special organic fertilizer for vegetables and fruits, which comprises the following specific steps: s1, selecting raw materials, S2, crushing, S3, stirring and mixing, S4, sealing and fermenting, S5, deodorizing and filter pressing, S6, granulating fermentation dry materials, S7, homogenizing and concentrating fermentation liquor. The invention can prepare two vegetable and fruit organic fertilizers with different states through the procedures of sealed fermentation, filter pressing, homogeneous concentration treatment, sterilization, deodorization and the like, is convenient to store and use, is easy to industrially popularize, has rich raw material sources, simple process, convenient operation, lower manufacturing cost and good nutritional value, can provide comprehensive nutrition for crops by containing various raw materials such as livestock and poultry manure, plant straws, cake dregs, wild green manure edible fungus residues and the like, has long fertilizer efficiency, can increase and update soil organic matters, promotes the propagation of microorganisms, and effectively improves the physicochemical property and the biological activity of soil.)

1. A preparation method of an organic fertilizer special for vegetables and fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, selecting raw materials: firstly, preparing 25-35 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 5-8 parts of cake meal, 15-20 parts of plant straws, 3-6 parts of wild green manure, 4-8 parts of vinasse, 3-5 parts of herb residues, 5-8 parts of mineral fertilizer, 12-16 parts of edible fungus residues, 10-15 parts of fermentation flora, 0.5-1 part of preservative, 1-3 parts of sterilization deodorant and 3-5 parts of peat soil according to a certain weight proportion;

s2, crushing: respectively crushing livestock and poultry manure, cake meal, plant straws, vinasse and medicine residues which are selected for later use in the step S1 by using a crusher, then sieving the crushed raw materials by using a 60-mesh sieve, and stirring and mixing to obtain mixed raw materials;

s3, stirring and mixing: firstly putting the wild green manure, the mineral fertilizer, the edible fungus dregs and the peat soil which are selected and used in the S1 into a stirring tank, then putting the mixed raw material prepared in the S2 into the stirring tank, stirring and mixing at the rotating speed of 800 plus one year at 1000r/min under the coordination of a preservative, wherein no caking can occur in the stirring process, and if the caking occurs, crushing the raw material, and continuously stirring until the raw material is uniformly stirred and mixed;

s4, sealed fermentation: putting the uniformly mixed raw materials in the S3 into a fermentation tank, putting a proper amount of water into the fermentation tank, adding a preservative and fermentation flora, stirring at the rotating speed of 1500-;

s5, deodorizing and press-filtering: after the fermentation in the S4 is finished, adding a sterilization deodorant for sterilization and deodorization, then processing the prepared fermentation material by a filter press, filtering most of water, and respectively obtaining a fermentation dry material and a fermentation liquid;

s6, granulating fermented dry materials: granulating the fermented dry material from which most of water is removed in the step S5 by using a granulator to obtain a granular organic fertilizer special for vegetables and fruits, drying, and quantitatively packaging and storing for use;

s7, homogenizing and concentrating the fermentation liquor: and (4) homogenizing the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (S5), concentrating the homogenized primary pulp to obtain the special organic fertilizer for the pulp vegetables and fruits, and finally sterilizing, disinfecting, filling and storing.

2. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for vegetables and fruits according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step S4, in the fermentation process, the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 30-40 ℃, and the fermentation time is 15-20 days.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an organic fertilizer special for vegetables and fruits.

Background

In the process of planting fruits and vegetables for a long time, a large amount of pesticides and fertilizers are generally used, so that soil hardening, soil fertility reduction, ecological destruction, environmental pollution and quality reduction of agricultural and sideline products are realized, the annual usage amount is numerically increased by 20%, and pesticide residues contained in the products can also harm the health of people.

The research and production of the bio-organic fertilizer in China also have a history of decades, and the excrement and the straw are generally adopted as raw materials, so that the bio-organic fertilizer has certain significance on environmental protection and sustainable development. The vegetable and fruit organic fertilizer using the excrement and the straw as the raw materials has higher nutritive value than the pesticide and chemical fertilizer and has lower cost than the pesticide and chemical fertilizer, so that the vegetable and fruit organic fertilizer using the excrement and the straw as the raw materials can reduce the cost and obtain higher economic benefit.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an organic fertilizer special for vegetables and fruits and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of an organic fertilizer special for vegetables and fruits comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting raw materials: firstly, preparing 25-35 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 5-8 parts of cake meal, 15-20 parts of plant straws, 3-6 parts of wild green manure, 4-8 parts of vinasse, 3-5 parts of herb residues, 5-8 parts of mineral fertilizer, 12-16 parts of edible fungus residues, 10-15 parts of fermentation flora, 0.5-1 part of preservative, 1-3 parts of sterilization deodorant and 3-5 parts of peat soil according to a certain weight proportion;

s2, crushing: respectively crushing livestock and poultry manure, cake meal, plant straws, vinasse and medicine residues which are selected for later use in the step S1 by using a crusher, then sieving the crushed raw materials by using a 60-mesh sieve, and stirring and mixing to obtain mixed raw materials;

s3, stirring and mixing: firstly putting the wild green manure, the mineral fertilizer, the edible fungus dregs and the peat soil which are selected and used in the S1 into a stirring tank, then putting the mixed raw material prepared in the S2 into the stirring tank, stirring and mixing at the rotating speed of 800 plus one year at 1000r/min under the coordination of a preservative, wherein no caking can occur in the stirring process, and if the caking occurs, crushing the raw material, and continuously stirring until the raw material is uniformly stirred and mixed;

s4, sealed fermentation: putting the uniformly mixed raw materials in the S3 into a fermentation tank, putting a proper amount of water into the fermentation tank, adding a preservative and fermentation flora, stirring at the rotating speed of 1500-;

s5, deodorizing and press-filtering: after the fermentation in the S4 is finished, adding a sterilization deodorant for sterilization and deodorization, then processing the prepared fermentation material by a filter press, filtering most of water, and respectively obtaining a fermentation dry material and a fermentation liquid;

s6, granulating fermented dry materials: granulating the fermented dry material from which most of water is removed in the step S5 by using a granulator to obtain a granular organic fertilizer special for vegetables and fruits, drying, and quantitatively packaging and storing for use;

s7, homogenizing and concentrating the fermentation liquor: and (4) homogenizing the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (S5), concentrating the homogenized primary pulp to obtain the special organic fertilizer for the pulp vegetables and fruits, and finally sterilizing, disinfecting, filling and storing.

Preferably, in the step S4, during the fermentation process, the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 30-40 ℃, and the fermentation time is controlled to be 15-20 days.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the fertilizer has the advantages of rich raw material sources, simple process, convenient operation, lower manufacturing cost and good nutritional value, can provide comprehensive nutrition for crops by containing various raw materials such as livestock and poultry manure, plant straws, cake dregs, wild green manure edible fungus residues and the like, has long fertilizer efficiency, can increase and update soil organic matters, promotes microbial propagation, and effectively improves the physical and chemical properties and biological activity of soil; the invention can prepare two vegetable and fruit organic fertilizers in different states through the processes of sealed fermentation, filter pressing, homogeneous concentration treatment, sterilization, deodorization and the like, is convenient to store and use and is easy to industrially popularize.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.