阅读说明：本技术 一种吸湿速干纺织品的制备方法 (Preparation method of moisture-absorbing and quick-drying textile ) 是由 杜卫强 于 2020-04-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种吸湿速干纺织品的制备方法,属于纺织品材料技术领域。本发明以棉纤维掺杂石墨烯纤维为原料,得到面料基体,以聚四氟乙烯为主体,结合氧化石墨烯和纳米二氧化硅,制备出一种微孔薄膜,将微孔薄膜与制备的面料基体复合,制备出一种吸湿速干纺织品；制备的微孔薄膜利用微孔孔径介于水分子,空气分子最大直径与水滴分子的最小直径之间的一层薄膜,然后再将薄膜与外层织物复合,于是面料就有了防水透气并且速干的功效,采用这种原理的面料,发挥作用的是那带有微孔的薄膜,它既起到防泼水的作用还起到透气的作用；微孔薄膜能将水分迅速转移到衣服的表面,通过空气流通将汗水蒸发,从而达到速干的目的。(The invention relates to a preparation method of a moisture-absorbing quick-drying textile, belonging to the technical field of textile materials. The method comprises the steps of taking cotton fibers doped with graphene fibers as raw materials to obtain a fabric substrate, taking polytetrafluoroethylene as a main body, combining graphene oxide and nano-silica to prepare a microporous film, and compounding the microporous film with the prepared fabric substrate to prepare the moisture-absorbing quick-drying textile; the prepared microporous film utilizes a layer of film with the pore diameter of micropores between the maximum diameter of water molecules and air molecules and the minimum diameter of water drop molecules, and then the film is compounded with the outer layer of fabric, so that the fabric has the effects of water resistance, air permeability and quick drying; the microporous film can transfer moisture to the surface of clothes quickly, and sweat is evaporated through air circulation, so that the aim of quick drying is fulfilled.)

1. A preparation method of moisture-absorbing and quick-drying textiles is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation steps:

(1) mixing cotton fibers and graphene fibers according to a ratio, and placing the mixture on a single-side big circular knitting machine for weaving to obtain a fabric substrate;

(2) mixing graphite powder, potassium persulfate, phosphorus pentoxide and sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 10%, performing magnetic stirring reaction, filtering to obtain filter residue, washing and drying the filter residue, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a pre-oxide;

(3) mixing the pre-oxide with sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 10%, stirring in an ice-water bath to obtain a reaction solution, mixing potassium permanganate with the reaction solution, continuing to stir to obtain a mixed solution, mixing deionized water with the mixed solution according to the volume ratio of 10: 3, and continuing to stir for 10-15 min to obtain a composite solution; uniformly mixing the composite solution and 30% hydrogen peroxide in a volume ratio of 10: 1, standing overnight, collecting the lower-layer precipitate, and washing the precipitate to obtain the filler;

(4) mixing polytetrafluoroethylene, a filler and deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic stirring treatment to obtain mixed slurry, coating the mixed slurry on a fabric substrate in a spinning way, placing the fabric substrate in an oven at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for drying for 1-2 h to obtain a blank, and carrying out lamination treatment on the blank to obtain the moisture-absorbing quick-drying textile.

2. The method of making an absorbent quick-drying textile according to claim 1, wherein: the ratio of the cotton fibers to the graphene fibers in the step (1) is 70% to 30%.

3. The method of making an absorbent quick-drying textile according to claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the graphite powder, the potassium persulfate, the phosphorus pentoxide and the sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 10% in the step (2) is 1: 10.

4. The method of making an absorbent quick-drying textile according to claim 1, wherein: the magnetic stirring reaction step in the step (2) is as follows: and magnetically stirring and reacting for 3-4 hours at the water bath temperature of 80-85 ℃ and the stirring speed of 150-200 r/min.

5. The method of making an absorbent quick-drying textile according to claim 1, wherein: the washing and drying treatment step in the step (2) is as follows: washing the filter residue with deionized water until the pH value of the filtrate is neutral to obtain washed filter residue, and drying the washed filter residue in an oven at the temperature of 80-90 ℃ to constant weight.

6. The method of making an absorbent quick-drying textile according to claim 1, wherein: the ice water bath stirring treatment step in the step (3) is as follows: mixing the pre-oxide with sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 10% according to the mass ratio of 1: 20, and stirring for 10-20 min in an ice-water bath at the stirring speed of 200-250 r/min.

7. The method of making an absorbent quick-drying textile according to claim 1, wherein: the stirring treatment step in the step (3) is as follows: mixing the potassium permanganate and the reaction solution according to the mass ratio of 1: 10, and continuously stirring for 2-3 hours at the temperature of 30-40 ℃.

8. The method of making an absorbent quick-drying textile according to claim 1, wherein: the washing treatment step in the step (3) is as follows: and washing the precipitate for 3-5 times by using hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 10%, and washing the precipitate by using deionized water until the pH value is neutral.

9. The method of making an absorbent quick-drying textile according to claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic stirring treatment step in the step (4) is as follows: mixing polytetrafluoroethylene, a filler and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 12: 1: 5, and ultrasonically stirring for 1-2 hours at the stirring speed of 500-600 r/min.

10. The method of making an absorbent quick-drying textile according to claim 1, wherein: the lamination treatment step in the step (4) is as follows: and laminating the blank body for 2-3 min under the pressure of 2-3 MPa.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a preparation method of a moisture-absorbing quick-drying textile, belonging to the technical field of textile materials.

Background

In general, the body feels a large amount of sweat discharged only when the body is engaged in strenuous exercise. However, even in general environmental conditions, the human body needs to constantly and noninductively evaporate and release the heat and water vapor generated by the metabolism of the human body to maintain the body temperature constant. People prefer clothes made of natural fibers because natural fibers are highly hygroscopic and comfortable to wear. However, when the sweat amount of the human body is large, the clothes can cling to the human body, so that a wet and cold feeling is brought to the human body, and the sweat can not be discharged in time. Although the common synthetic fiber can quickly perspire, the moisture absorption is poor, and the comfort of the fabric is not high. How to transmit the heat and the water vapor of the body surface to the outside through moisture absorption-conduction-evaporation is the core of the moisture absorption and sweat releasing function of the textile garment. The moisture-absorbing and quick-drying functional fiber enables sweat to rapidly migrate to the surface of a fabric through the action of wicking, diffusion, transmission and the like through the capillary phenomenon generated by micro-grooves on the surface of the fiber and to disperse to achieve the purpose of moisture conduction and quick drying, and people vividly call the fiber as breathable fiber. Therefore, the research on the moisture absorption and quick drying of the moisture absorption and quick drying fiber and fabric has very important market and environmental protection significance.

The textile can achieve the functions of moisture absorption and sweat releasing by the following ways: firstly, physical modification, wherein the fiber section is specially shaped, a plurality of grooves are longitudinally generated on the fiber by changing the shape of a spinneret orifice, and moisture is rapidly transferred to the surface of the fabric and is diffused through the effects of wicking, diffusion, transmission and the like of the grooves, so that the purposes of moisture conduction, quick drying, moisture absorption and sweat releasing are achieved. Such as Y-shaped, cross-shaped, W-shaped, bone-shaped and trefoil-shaped, etc., to increase surface function, and the fiber surface has more grooves to improve the effect of transferring water vapor. The fiber with the function of moisture and sweat conducting generally has high specific surface area, the cross section of the fiber must be provided with grooves, channels are formed between the fiber and the fiber during weaving by utilizing the grooves, and the wicking effect of the grooves is the efficacy of moisture and sweat conducting. Hollow or porous fibers rapidly diffuse sweat away using the principle of capillary action to increase surface area. The fiber is a hollow fiber with a plurality of through pores from the surface of the fiber to the hollow part, and has excellent moisture-conducting and sweat-releasing functions. When the fiber is used for clothing, sweat discharged by a human body can continuously flow to the middle cavity from the radial micropores of the fiber, the sweat is rapidly diffused along the axial direction of the yarn and the plane of the fabric through the middle cavity, the sweat is conveyed to the external environment and is evaporated through the free capillaries on the outer surface of the fabric, and the surface of the fiber, in contact with the human body, of the inner layer of the fabric is kept relatively dry.

The other is chemical modification, the fiber surface chemical modification is to increase the hydrophilic group on the fiber surface (grafting or crosslinking method) to achieve the purpose of rapid moisture absorption. By means of graft copolymerization, hydrophilic group is introduced into the macromolecular structure, and the moisture-conducting and sweat-releasing performance of the fiber can be improved. Introduction of hydroxyl group, amide group, carboxyl group, amino group and the like is often employed. The double-component composite co-spinning is to melt and extrude 2 polymers by means of a conjugate melt spinning technology to finally obtain the sea-island type composite superfine fiber. Because the fiber is extremely fine and has large specific surface area, the textile made of the fiber as a raw material has the characteristics of soft hand feeling, air and moisture permeability, elegant color, good water absorption and oil absorption, high cleaning capability, high heat preservation and the like, and shows the excellent performance of the comprehensive imitated natural fiber which is not possessed by other single-performance modified chemical fibers. The fine denier fiber, fine fiber standing on the surface of the fabric made of fine denier fiber forms an infinite number of fine concave-convex structures, which are equivalent to an infinite number of capillaries, so that the capillary wicking effect of the fabric is obviously increased, the effect of transferring water molecules can be achieved, and the air permeability and water and sweat transfer performance of the fabric are greatly improved.

Thirdly, the structure design adopts a multilayer fabric structure: the hydrophilic fiber is used as the inner layer fabric, sweat generated by a human body is quickly absorbed and then is conducted and dissipated to the outside through the gaps of the outer layer fabric, and the comfortable and cool performance is achieved.

All the above, but it can be said that all the fibers with moisture absorption and sweat releasing functions generally have high specific surface area, the surface has numerous micropores or grooves, the cross section is generally designed into a special shape, and by utilizing the capillary principle, the fibers can rapidly absorb, transport, diffuse and volatilize water, can rapidly absorb moisture and sweat on the surface of the skin, and are discharged to the outer layer for evaporation.

During the process of wearing the clothes by a human body, sweat can exist simultaneously with sweat, and the sweat can also be diffused or condensed in the fabric into liquid water to be transmitted to the external environment. Therefore, the moisture absorption and moisture permeability of the fabric are closely related to the moisture transmission performance of the fabric. The main routes of fabric transfer are: the water vapor diffuses through micropores in the fabric; the fiber absorbs moisture and evaporates at the side with lower water pressure; the capillary absorbs water and transfers and evaporates to the side where the water pressure is low. The wet transfer process is summarized as follows: moistening, moisture-conducting and moisture-dissipating, i.e. the process of moisture absorption and quick drying.

People have higher and higher requirements on functionality and comfort of the clothing fabric, and the moisture-transmitting and sweat-releasing fiber and the fabric thereof are favored. In the future, the clothes fabrics are developed towards comfort and health, and the moisture absorption quick-drying fabrics are one of the characteristics of economy, comfort and functionality. In an effort to meet consumer needs and desires while achieving sustainable competition in the modern consumer market, garment comfort research has real economic value.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the problem of poor moisture absorption and quick drying performance of the existing breathable material, the preparation method of the moisture absorption and quick drying textile is provided.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

(1) mixing cotton fibers and graphene fibers according to a ratio, and placing the mixture on a single-side big circular knitting machine for weaving to obtain a fabric substrate;

(2) mixing graphite powder, potassium persulfate, phosphorus pentoxide and sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 10%, performing magnetic stirring reaction, filtering to obtain filter residue, washing and drying the filter residue, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a pre-oxide;

(3) mixing the pre-oxide with sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 10%, stirring in an ice-water bath to obtain a reaction solution, mixing potassium permanganate with the reaction solution, continuing to stir to obtain a mixed solution, mixing deionized water with the mixed solution according to the volume ratio of 10: 3, and continuing to stir for 10-15 min to obtain a composite solution; uniformly mixing the composite solution and 30% hydrogen peroxide in a volume ratio of 10: 1, standing overnight, collecting the lower-layer precipitate, and washing the precipitate to obtain the filler;

(4) mixing polytetrafluoroethylene, a filler and deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic stirring treatment to obtain mixed slurry, coating the mixed slurry on a fabric substrate in a spinning way, placing the fabric substrate in an oven at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for drying for 1-2 h to obtain a blank, and carrying out lamination treatment on the blank to obtain the moisture-absorbing quick-drying textile.

The ratio of the cotton fibers to the graphene fibers in the step (1) is 70% to 30%.

The mass ratio of the graphite powder, the potassium persulfate, the phosphorus pentoxide and the sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 10% in the step (2) is 1: 10.

The magnetic stirring reaction step in the step (2) is as follows: and magnetically stirring and reacting for 3-4 hours at the water bath temperature of 80-85 ℃ and the stirring speed of 150-200 r/min.

The washing and drying treatment step in the step (2) is as follows: washing the filter residue with deionized water until the pH value of the filtrate is neutral to obtain washed filter residue, and drying the washed filter residue in an oven at the temperature of 80-90 ℃ to constant weight.

The ice water bath stirring treatment step in the step (3) is as follows: mixing the pre-oxide with sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 10% according to the mass ratio of 1: 20, and stirring for 10-20 min in an ice-water bath at the stirring speed of 200-250 r/min.

The stirring treatment step in the step (3) is as follows: mixing the potassium permanganate and the reaction solution according to the mass ratio of 1: 10, and continuously stirring for 2-3 hours at the temperature of 30-40 ℃.

The washing treatment step in the step (3) is as follows: and washing the precipitate for 3-5 times by using hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 10%, and washing the precipitate by using deionized water until the pH value is neutral.

The ultrasonic stirring treatment step in the step (4) is as follows: mixing polytetrafluoroethylene, a filler and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 12: 1: 5, and ultrasonically stirring for 1-2 hours at the stirring speed of 500-600 r/min.

The lamination treatment step in the step (4) is as follows: and laminating the blank body for 2-3 min under the pressure of 2-3 MPa.

Compared with other methods, the method has the beneficial technical effects that:

(1) the method comprises the steps of taking cotton fibers doped with graphene fibers as raw materials to obtain a fabric substrate, taking polytetrafluoroethylene as a main body, combining graphene oxide and nano-silica to prepare a microporous film, and compounding the microporous film with the prepared fabric substrate to prepare the moisture-absorbing quick-drying textile; the prepared microporous film utilizes a layer of film with the pore diameter of micropores between the maximum diameter of water molecules and air molecules and the minimum diameter of water drop molecules, and then the film is compounded with the outer layer of fabric, so that the fabric has the effects of water resistance, air permeability and quick drying; the microporous film can quickly transfer moisture to the surface of clothes, and sweat is evaporated through air circulation, so that the aim of quick drying is fulfilled;

(2) the cotton fiber is a porous substance, and a plurality of hydrophilic groups (-OH) exist on cellulose macromolecules of the cotton fiber, so the cotton fiber has better hygroscopicity, and the moisture regain of the cotton fiber can reach about 8.5 percent under the common atmospheric condition; the doped graphene fiber has an antibacterial and bacteriostatic function, effectively inhibits the breeding of fungi, has an obvious antibacterial and deodorizing function, has a dampness-eliminating and ventilating function, can keep skin dry and comfortable for a long time, and is breathable and comfortable, so that the prepared fabric substrate has a good moisture-absorbing and ventilating function and an antibacterial function;

(3) the invention takes polytetrafluoroethylene as a main body, combines graphene oxide and nano silicon dioxide to prepare a microporous film, adopts a lamination compounding method to compound the microporous film and a fabric substrate into a whole, and the prepared microporous film has the high-quality performances of unique solvent-free property, environmental protection, water resistance, moisture permeability, water washing resistance, good hand feeling and the like; the composite quality is strong in stability, the cloth base material can be prevented from being changed in quality in the composite process, and the prepared composite textile can prevent wind, water, air and moisture and is excellent in comfort; the graphene oxide has a large specific surface area, so that the graphene oxide has an ultra-strong moisture absorption and ventilation effect, can rapidly absorb and conduct moisture and sweat secreted by a human body, and keeps the skin dry and comfortable; the nano silicon dioxide is non-toxic, tasteless and pollution-free amorphous white powder, and the volume effect and the quantum tunnel effect of the nano silicon dioxide enable the nano silicon dioxide to generate a free permeation effect, so that the nano silicon dioxide can penetrate into the vicinity of a pi bond of a high molecular compound and is overlapped with an electron cloud of the high molecular compound to form a spatial network structure, and the moisture absorption, air permeability and quick drying performance of the moisture absorption quick drying textile are effectively improved.

Detailed Description

Mixing cotton fibers and graphene fibers according to a ratio of 70% to 30%, and placing the mixture on a single-side big circular knitting machine for weaving to obtain a fabric substrate; mixing graphite powder, potassium persulfate, phosphorus pentoxide and sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 10% according to the mass ratio of 1: 10, magnetically stirring and reacting for 3-4 h at the water bath temperature of 80-85 ℃ and the stirring speed of 150-200 r/min, filtering to obtain filter residue, washing the filter residue with deionized water until the pH value of the filtrate is neutral to obtain washed filter residue, drying the washed filter residue in an oven at the temperature of 80-90 ℃ to constant weight, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a pre-oxide; mixing the pre-oxide with sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 10% according to the mass ratio of 1: 20, stirring in an ice-water bath at the stirring speed of 200-250 r/min for 10-20 min to obtain a reaction solution, mixing potassium permanganate with the reaction solution according to the mass ratio of 1: 10, continuously stirring at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ for 2-3 h to obtain a mixed solution, mixing deionized water with the mixed solution according to the volume ratio of 10: 3, and continuously stirring for 10-15 min to obtain a composite solution; uniformly mixing the composite solution and 30% hydrogen peroxide in a volume ratio of 10: 1, standing overnight, collecting lower-layer precipitates, washing the precipitates for 3-5 times by using 10% hydrochloric acid, and washing the precipitates with deionized water until the pH value is neutral to obtain a filler; mixing polytetrafluoroethylene, a filler and deionized water according to the mass ratio of 12: 1: 5, ultrasonically stirring for 1-2 hours at the stirring speed of 500-600 r/min to obtain mixed slurry, coating the mixed slurry on a fabric substrate in a spinning way, placing the fabric substrate in an oven at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for drying for 1-2 hours to obtain a blank, and laminating the blank for 2-3 minutes under the pressure of 2-3 MPa to obtain the moisture-absorbing quick-drying textile.