阅读说明：本技术 一种在大角度常用工况下传动机构用万向节及其结构设计方法 (Universal joint for transmission mechanism under large-angle common working condition and structural design method thereof ) 是由 傅小青 卢小明 李伟 于 2020-05-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种万向节,尤其涉及一种在大角度常用工况下传动机构用万向节及其结构设计方法。包括轴杆,所述的轴杆的一端伸入至保持架中,所述的轴杆的外壁与保持架间设有内星轮,所述的保持架中设有与内星轮呈滚动连接的钢球,所述的保持架的外壁为外星轮。在相同工作扭矩下,当工作摆角越大时,保持架破裂的风险会相对很低,适用于大角度常用工况下传动机构用。(The invention relates to a universal joint, in particular to a universal joint for a transmission mechanism under a large-angle common working condition and a structural design method thereof. The novel bearing retainer comprises a shaft rod, wherein one end of the shaft rod extends into the retainer, an inner star wheel is arranged between the outer wall of the shaft rod and the retainer, a steel ball in rolling connection with the inner star wheel is arranged in the retainer, and the outer wall of the retainer is an outer star wheel. Under the same working torque, when the working swing angle is larger, the risk of the fracture of the retainer is relatively low, and the retainer is suitable for a transmission mechanism under the common working condition with large angle.)

1. The utility model provides a universal joint for drive mechanism under big-angle normal operating mode which characterized in that: including axostylus axostyle (1), the one end of axostylus axostyle (1) stretch into in holder (2), the outer wall of axostylus axostyle (1) and holder (2) between be equipped with interior star gear (3), holder (2) in be equipped with and be ball (4) of rolling connection with interior star gear (3), the outer wall of holder (2) be besides star gear (5).

2. The universal joint for the transmission mechanism under the large-angle common working condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the other end cover of axostylus axostyle (1) have dust cover (6), dust cover (6) fixed with besides-star wheel (5) outer wall through protective shroud (7), dust cover (6) fixed with axostylus axostyle (1) through clamp (8).

3. The method for designing the structure of the universal joint for the transmission mechanism under the large-angle common working condition according to the claim 1 or 2 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(I) a total design framework:

when the working swing angle beta is 0 degree, one pair of outer star wheel lane and one pair of inner star wheel lane are formed by two same offset angles which are not on the same horizontal axis and 4 curves with 4 different curvature centers, and the curvature centers of the adjacent pair of outer star wheel lane and the adjacent inner star wheel lane are opposite to each other;

through stress analysis, the stress P3 of the point A of the retainer is P1+ P2, the stress P3 'of the point A' of the lane retainer on the opposite side is P1 '+ P2', and the stress of A 'is opposite to that of the point A, namely P3 is-P3';

similar to the stress situation of the AC type universal joint, the forces applied to P1, P2, P1 'and P2' are related to the opening angle of the steel ball, and at this time, the opening angle is also equal to 2 times of the offset angle, that is, 2, and for the same reason, the larger the opening angle is, the larger the forces applied to P1 and P2 are; however, according to geometric knowledge, when the working pivot angle β is 24 °, the opening angle of the novel rzeppa universal joint is significantly reduced, that is, 12.3 °, and, for the same reason, when the working pivot angle β is 45 °, the opening angle is sharply reduced, that is, 6.8 °; the opening angle of the steel ball is reduced along with the increase of the working swing angle of the universal joint, when the retainer of the novel ball cage type universal joint works under the working condition of a large swing angle, the stress of the A point and the A' point is symmetrical, and compared with an AC type universal joint, the novel universal joint has the advantage that under the same working torque, when the working swing angle is larger, the risk of fracture of the retainer is relatively low; therefore, the novel ball cage type universal joint is suitable for a transmission mechanism under a large-angle common working condition.

(II) designing components:

(1) design of the outer star wheel:

the ball path comprises six ball paths which are uniformly distributed in equal parts, wherein the first ball path is designed by adopting a double-curvature meridian structure, the center of one meridian is intersected with an extension line of 35 degrees of an included angle between the center of a steel ball and a right normal plane at 9 degrees of the included angle, the center of the other meridian is intersected with an extension line of 35 degrees of the included angle between the center of the steel ball and the right normal plane at 9 degrees of the included angle, the center of the steel ball is intersected with the extension line of 35 degrees of the included angle between the center of the universal joint and the left normal plane, the pressure angle alpha of a ball path section circle is 39 +/-3 degrees, and the similarity phi of the ball path section is 1.02-1.06; the direction of the other adjacent second lane is opposite to that of the first lane, and so on; six bolt holes are formed in the circumferential direction of the outer star wheel, so that the outer star wheel is assembled and connected with other parts;

(2) designing the retainer:

the two ends of the outer spherical surface with the diameter outside the center of 24 degrees adopt the curvature design of +0.003 to +0.012mm, the fit clearance with the inner spherical surface of the outer star wheel is reduced, the two ends of the inner spherical surface with the diameter outside the center of 24 degrees adopt the curvature design of-0.003 to-0.012 mm, the fit clearance with the outer spherical surface of the inner star wheel is reduced, the axial fit clearance is reduced, and the motion trail control of the retainer on 6 steel balls is improved;

the window hole width is in interference fit with the steel ball, the interference range is-0.006 to-0.026, the edge of the window hole is carefully ground to remove sharp-angled burrs, and the lubricating grease film on the surfaces of the outer star wheel and the inner star wheel parts is prevented from being damaged during swinging;

the retainer can keep 6 steel balls in the ball paths of the outer star wheel and the inner star wheel, and controls the 6 steel balls to always keep a symmetrical plane at the centers of the outer star wheel and the inner star wheel along with the swing of the fixed-end universal joint;

(3) and the design of the inner star wheel:

the ball path comprises six ball paths which are uniformly distributed in equal parts, wherein the first ball path is designed by adopting a double-curvature meridian structure, the center of one meridian is intersected with an extension line of 35 degrees of an included angle between the center of a steel ball and a left normal plane at 9 degrees of an included angle between the center of a universal joint and the left normal plane, the center of the other meridian is intersected with an extension line of 35 degrees of an included angle between the center of the steel ball and a right normal plane at 9 degrees of an included angle between the center of the universal joint and the right normal plane, the pressure angle alpha of a ball path section circle is 39 +/-3 degrees, and the similarity phi of the ball path section is 1.02-1.06; the direction of the other adjacent second lane is opposite to that of the first lane, and so on;

(4) and designing a shaft lever:

the head of the shaft lever is provided with a clamp spring groove and an external spline, the external spline is an ANSI B92.1b 1996 cylindrical straight tooth involute spline, and is connected with the inner star wheel through the spline and the clamp spring, so that the shaft lever cannot be disengaged from the inner star wheel; and (3) small assembly of the constant velocity universal joint:

(III) assembling:

(1) and material getting: the accessory model is confirmed to be accurate by comparing the assembly BOM table; the counting quantity is accurate; and (5) confirming whether the parts and the accessories have batch obvious defects.

(2) Assembly retainer and dust cover: sleeving the large opening of the dustproof cover into the small opening of the guard ring, and extruding the small opening of the guard ring by using a clamp to tightly press the dustproof cover; the dust cover is confirmed to be correct in direction, enter the groove and have no folding or sinking deformation by 100 percent visual inspection;

(3) shaft lever dress dust cover and jump ring: sleeving the small-opening part of the dust cover into the shaft lever clamp spring groove along the spline direction of the shaft lever; the dust cover is confirmed to be correct in direction, enter the groove and have no folding or sinking deformation by 100 percent visual inspection; the snap spring is arranged in the snap spring groove at the external spline part of the shaft lever along the opening direction, and the hand feeling is confirmed flexibly and freely;

(4) grease is injected into the assembly shaft lever and the dust cover: aligning and installing or beating the shaft lever and the internal spline of the internal star wheel; the step of the shaft lever and the end face of the inner star wheel are not separated after 100% drawing confirmation; confirming smoothness and no clamping stagnation by 100% swinging and hitting, and then injecting grease into the dust cover;

(5) assembling the universal joint and the guard ring: sleeving the large opening of the retainer ring into the step of the universal joint, and rolling the large opening of the retainer ring on equipment by using a clamp to compress the retainer ring; 100% visual confirmation of no retainer shedding;

(6) and locking the clamp: confirming that the surface of the hoop has a marking number; the dust cover is correctly inserted into the groove; the clamp is reliable in locking, free of deflection, not firmly buckled and the like; visual inspection of 100%;

(7) and general assembly:

firstly, 90 degrees are formed between the inner star wheel and the retainer and are arranged in the retainer window, and then the inner star wheel rotates 90 degrees clockwise to enable the inner star wheel to be flush with the retainer and the ball path of the inner star wheel to be aligned with the retainer window;

clamping the inner cavity of the outer star wheel on a workbench in an oriented manner, then putting the assembly of the inner star wheel and the retainer finished in the previous step and the outer star wheel into the outer star wheel at an angle of 90 degrees, rotating the assembly clockwise by 90 degrees, and ensuring that the ball path of the inner star wheel (4), the window of the retainer and the ball path of the outer star wheel are aligned;

and finally, inserting a swing core rod into the internal spline hole of the internal star wheel, swinging upwards to the maximum angle, loading the 1 st steel ball, returning to the swing core rod, swinging leftwards to the lower angle, loading the 2 nd steel ball, returning to the swing rod, swinging rightwards to the lower angle, loading the 3 rd steel ball, and finally swinging the swing core rod to the maximum swing angle downwards, leftwards to the upper corner and rightwards to the upper corner in sequence to complete the assembly of the rest 3 steel balls so as to ensure that 6 steel balls exist in each fixed end universal joint.

(IV) detection operation:

surface cleaning was performed first, and then the following items were checked at 100% point using a paint pen:

(1) 100% total high containment

(2) 100% weight containment;

(3) 100% swing and smooth beating;

(4) the clamp is reliable in locking, free of deflection and not firmly buckled;

(5) no rust on the surface and no sharp corner and burr related defects

(6) Shaft lever: the internal spline has no processing leakage, no milling groove leakage and no bump damage related defects on the surface of a welding gear;

(7) the product identification is complete and correct, clear and easy to see;

(8) the dust cover is installed in place, and has no recess, deformation, surface damage and related defects of scratching.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a universal joint, in particular to a universal joint for a transmission mechanism under a large-angle common working condition and a structural design method thereof.

Background

In order to ensure that a steel ball rolls in a lane and to ensure that the steel ball rolls in the lane, in the design, a lane offset angle is larger than a friction angle phi m, namely larger than phi m, and phi m can be known as arctan f (f is the friction coefficient of the steel ball and the lane and is usually 0.1-0.12) according to physical knowledge. This results in >5.706, i.e. the offset angle of the rzeppa constant velocity joint is typically designed to be around 8 °.

When the working swing angle beta is 0 degree, the outer star wheel lane and the inner star wheel lane of the common AC type ball-type universal joint are curves with two same offset angles on the same horizontal axis as curvature centers, and the stress analysis shows that the stress P3 of the point A of the retainer is P1+ P2, the forces borne by the P1 and the P2 are related to the opening angle of the steel ball, and at the moment, the opening angle of the common AC type ball-type universal joint is equal to 2 times of the offset angle, namely 2, and the larger the opening angle is, the larger the stress of the P1 and the P2 is. When the working pivot angle β is 24 °, it is known from geometric knowledge that its opening angle is slightly reduced, i.e. 15.6 °, and for the same reason, when the working pivot angle β is 45 °, its opening angle is 14.8 °. This shows that as the working swing angle of the AC type universal joint increases, the opening angle of the steel ball only slightly decreases, so that when the AC type retainer works under a large swing angle working condition, the stress of the point a is alternating and continuous, usually, the working swing angle of its common working condition is within 16 °, and when the working swing angle is larger, the risk of universal joint failure caused by retainer fracture is higher.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly solves the defects in the prior art and provides the universal joint for the transmission mechanism under the large-angle common working condition, which has a compact structure and is suitable for the transmission mechanism under the large-angle common working condition, and the structural design method thereof.

The technical problem of the invention is mainly solved by the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a universal joint for drive mechanism under big-angle normal operating mode, includes the axostylus axostyle, the one end of axostylus axostyle stretch into to the holder in, the outer wall of axostylus axostyle and holder between be equipped with interior star gear, the holder in be equipped with the steel ball that is roll connection with interior star gear, the outer wall of holder be the external star gear.

The other end of the shaft lever is sleeved with a dust cover, the dust cover is fixed with the outer wall of the outer star wheel through a guard ring, and the dust cover is fixed with the shaft lever through a hoop.

A method for designing a structure of a universal joint for a transmission mechanism under a large-angle common working condition comprises the following steps:

(I) a total design framework:

when the working swing angle beta is 0 degree, one pair of outer star wheel lane and one pair of inner star wheel lane are formed by two same offset angles which are not on the same horizontal axis and 4 curves with 4 different curvature centers, and the curvature centers of the adjacent pair of outer star wheel lane and the adjacent inner star wheel lane are opposite to each other;

through stress analysis, the stress P3 of the point A of the retainer is P1+ P2, the stress P3 'of the point A' of the lane retainer on the opposite side is P1 '+ P2', and the stress of A 'is opposite to that of the point A, namely P3 is-P3';

similar to the stress situation of the AC type universal joint, the forces applied to P1, P2, P1 'and P2' are related to the opening angle of the steel ball, and at this time, the opening angle is also equal to 2 times of the offset angle, that is, 2, and for the same reason, the larger the opening angle is, the larger the forces applied to P1 and P2 are; however, according to geometric knowledge, when the working pivot angle β is 24 °, the opening angle of the novel rzeppa universal joint is significantly reduced, that is, 12.3 °, and, for the same reason, when the working pivot angle β is 45 °, the opening angle is sharply reduced, that is, 6.8 °; the opening angle of the steel ball is reduced along with the increase of the working swing angle of the universal joint, when the retainer of the novel ball cage type universal joint works under the working condition of a large swing angle, the stress of the A point and the A' point is symmetrical, and compared with an AC type universal joint, the novel universal joint has the advantage that under the same working torque, when the working swing angle is larger, the risk of fracture of the retainer is relatively low; therefore, the novel ball cage type universal joint is suitable for a transmission mechanism under a large-angle common working condition.

(II) designing components:

(1) design of the outer star wheel:

the ball path comprises six ball paths which are uniformly distributed in equal parts, wherein the first ball path is designed by adopting a double-curvature meridian structure, the center of one meridian is intersected with an extension line of 35 degrees of an included angle between the center of a steel ball and a right normal plane at 9 degrees of the included angle, the center of the other meridian is intersected with an extension line of 35 degrees of the included angle between the center of the steel ball and the right normal plane at 9 degrees of the included angle, the center of the steel ball is intersected with the extension line of 35 degrees of the included angle between the center of the universal joint and the left normal plane, the pressure angle alpha of a ball path section circle is 39 +/-3 degrees, and the similarity phi of the ball path section is 1.02-1.06; the direction of the other adjacent second lane is opposite to that of the first lane, and so on; six bolt holes are formed in the circumferential direction of the outer star wheel, so that the outer star wheel is assembled and connected with other parts;

(2) design of the cage (3):

the two ends of the outer spherical surface with the diameter outside the center of 24 degrees adopt the curvature design of +0.003 to +0.012mm, the fit clearance with the inner spherical surface of the outer star wheel is reduced, the two ends of the inner spherical surface with the diameter outside the center of 24 degrees adopt the curvature design of-0.003 to-0.012 mm, the fit clearance with the outer spherical surface of the inner star wheel is reduced, the axial fit clearance is reduced, and the motion track control of the retainer on 6 steel balls (2) is improved;

the window hole width is in interference fit with the steel ball, the interference range is-0.006 to-0.026, the edge of the window hole is carefully ground to remove sharp-angled burrs, and the lubricating grease film on the surfaces of the outer star wheel and the inner star wheel parts is prevented from being damaged during swinging;

the retainer can keep 6 steel balls in the ball paths of the outer star wheel and the inner star wheel, and controls the 6 steel balls to always keep a symmetrical plane at the centers of the outer star wheel and the inner star wheel along with the swing of the fixed-end universal joint;

(3) and the design of the inner star wheel:

the ball path comprises six ball paths which are uniformly distributed in equal parts, wherein the first ball path is designed by adopting a double-curvature meridian structure, the center of one meridian is intersected with an extension line of 35 degrees of an included angle between the center of a steel ball and a left normal plane at 9 degrees of an included angle between the center of a universal joint and the left normal plane, the center of the other meridian is intersected with an extension line of 35 degrees of an included angle between the center of the steel ball and a right normal plane at 9 degrees of an included angle between the center of the universal joint and the right normal plane, the pressure angle alpha of a ball path section circle is 39 +/-3 degrees, and the similarity phi of the ball path section is 1.02-1.06; the direction of the other adjacent second lane is opposite to that of the first lane, and so on;

(4) and designing a shaft lever:

the head of the shaft lever is provided with a clamp spring groove and an external spline, the external spline is an ANSI B92.1b 1996 cylindrical straight tooth involute spline, and is connected with the inner star wheel through the spline and the clamp spring, so that the shaft lever cannot be disengaged from the inner star wheel; and (3) small assembly of the constant velocity universal joint:

(III) assembling:

(1) and material getting: the accessory model is confirmed to be accurate by comparing the assembly BOM table; the counting quantity is accurate; and (5) confirming whether the parts and the accessories have batch obvious defects.

(2) Assembly retainer and dust cover: sleeving the large opening of the dustproof cover into the small opening of the guard ring, and extruding the small opening of the guard ring by using a clamp to tightly press the dustproof cover; the dust cover is confirmed to be correct in direction, enter the groove and have no folding or sinking deformation by 100 percent visual inspection;

(3) shaft lever dress dust cover and jump ring: sleeving the small-opening part of the dust cover into the shaft lever clamp spring groove along the spline direction of the shaft lever; the dust cover is confirmed to be correct in direction, enter the groove and have no folding or sinking deformation by 100 percent visual inspection; the snap spring is arranged in the snap spring groove at the external spline part of the shaft lever along the opening direction, and the hand feeling is confirmed flexibly and freely;

(4) grease is injected into the assembly shaft lever and the dust cover: aligning and installing or beating the shaft lever and the internal spline of the internal star wheel; the step of the shaft lever and the end face of the inner star wheel are not separated after 100% drawing confirmation; confirming smoothness and no clamping stagnation by 100% swinging and hitting, and then injecting grease into the dust cover;

(5) assembling the universal joint and the guard ring: sleeving the large opening of the retainer ring into the step of the universal joint, and rolling the large opening of the retainer ring on equipment by using a clamp to compress the retainer ring; 100% visual confirmation of no retainer shedding;

(6) and locking the clamp: confirming that the surface of the hoop has a marking number; the dust cover is correctly inserted into the groove; the clamp is reliable in locking, free of deflection, not firmly buckled and the like; visual inspection of 100%;

(7) and general assembly:

firstly, 90 degrees are formed between the inner star wheel and the retainer and are arranged in the retainer window, and then the inner star wheel rotates 90 degrees clockwise to enable the inner star wheel to be flush with the retainer and the ball path of the inner star wheel to be aligned with the retainer window;

clamping the inner cavity of the outer star wheel on a workbench in an oriented manner, then putting the assembly of the inner star wheel and the retainer finished in the previous step and the outer star wheel into the outer star wheel at an angle of 90 degrees, rotating the assembly clockwise by 90 degrees, and ensuring that the ball path of the inner star wheel (4), the window of the retainer and the ball path of the outer star wheel are aligned;

and finally, inserting a swing core rod into the internal spline hole of the internal star wheel, swinging upwards to the maximum angle, loading the 1 st steel ball, returning to the swing core rod, swinging leftwards to the lower angle, loading the 2 nd steel ball, returning to the swing rod, swinging rightwards to the lower angle, loading the 3 rd steel ball, and finally swinging the swing core rod to the maximum swing angle downwards, leftwards to the upper corner and rightwards to the upper corner in sequence to complete the assembly of the rest 3 steel balls so as to ensure that 6 steel balls exist in each fixed end universal joint.

(IV) detection operation:

surface cleaning was performed first, and then the following items were checked at 100% point using a paint pen:

(1) 100% total high containment

(2) 100% weight containment;

(3) 100% swing and smooth beating;

(4) the clamp is reliable in locking, free of deflection and not firmly buckled;

(5) no rust on the surface and no sharp corner and burr related defects

(6) Shaft lever: the internal spline has no processing leakage, no milling groove leakage and no bump damage related defects on the surface of a welding gear;

(7) the product identification is complete and correct, clear and easy to see;

(8) the dust cover is installed in place, and has no recess, deformation, surface damage and related defects of scratching.

The invention relates to a universal joint for a transmission mechanism under a large-angle common working condition and a structural design method thereof.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the variation of the working swing angle beta of the universal joint and the forced opening angle of the steel ball;

FIG. 3 is a graph of the change in center of curvature of the offset angle versus the working swing angle β of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a force analysis variation diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a corresponding schematic view of the present invention at an opening angle of 12.3;

fig. 6 is a corresponding schematic view of the present invention at an opening angle of 6.8 °.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments.