Data transmission and retransmission for semi-persistent scheduling

文档序号:1205584 发布日期:2020-09-01 浏览:6次 中文

阅读说明:本技术 用于半永久调度的数据传输和重传 (Data transmission and retransmission for semi-persistent scheduling ) 是由 邹振华 阿里·贝拉万 丹尼尔·陈拉松 于 2018-11-16 设计创作,主要内容包括:公开了一种方法、无线设备和网络节点。根据一方面,无线设备包括无线电接口,所述无线电接口被配置为:获取用于测量从半永久调度SPS上行链路UL数据传输的开始起所经过的时间的计时器值T。所述无线设备包括:处理电路5,被配置为:执行与混合自动重传请求HARQ进程标识ID相关联的SPS UL数据传输,其中,所述HARQ进程ID是多个HARQ进程ID之一。所述处理电路被配置为:在10所经过的时间T之后,在所述HARQ进程ID的下一可用时间处,执行具有所述HARQ进程ID的新数据传输或自主重传。(A method, a wireless device and a network node are disclosed. According to an aspect, a wireless device includes a radio interface configured to: a timer value T for measuring the time elapsed from the start of a semi-persistently scheduled SPS uplink, UL, data transmission is obtained. The wireless device includes: a processing circuit 5 configured to: performing an SPS UL data transmission associated with a hybrid automatic repeat request, HARQ, process identification, ID, wherein the HARQ process ID is one of a plurality of HARQ process IDs. The processing circuitry is configured to: after the time T elapsed 10, new data transmission or autonomous retransmission with the HARQ process ID is performed at the next available time of the HARQ process ID.)

1. A wireless device (22), comprising:

a radio interface (82) configured to: obtaining a timer value T for measuring an elapsed time from a start of a semi-persistent scheduling SPS uplink, UL, data transmission; and

processing circuitry (84) configured to:

performing an SPS UL data transmission associated with a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process Identification (ID), wherein the HARQ process ID is one of a plurality of HARQ process IDs; and

after the elapsed time T, new data transmission or autonomous retransmission with the HARQ process ID is performed at the next available time of the HARQ process ID.

2. The wireless device (22) of claim 2, wherein the processing circuit (84) is further configured to: after the elapsed time T, one of an acknowledgement ACK and a negative acknowledgement NACK is assumed for an SPS UL data transmission having the HARQ process ID at a next available time of the HARQ process ID.

3. The wireless device (22) of claims 1 and 2, wherein the next available time after the elapsed time T occurs after the greater of the acquired timer value T and the total time τ to cycle through the plurality of HARQ process IDs for SPS UL data transmissions.

4. The wireless device (22) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the processing circuit (84) is further configured to: at the next available time of the HARQ process ID after the elapsed time T, an ACK is assumed and a new data transmission with the HARQ process ID is performed.

5. The wireless device (22) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the processing circuit (84) is further configured to: measuring an elapsed time from a start of the SPS UL data transmission until the elapsed time is equal to the obtained value T and one of a total time τ of cyclic traversal of the plurality of HARQ process IDs for SPS UL data transmission.

6. The wireless device (22) of claim 3, wherein:

if T is less than τ, the next available time for the HARQ process ID occurs after time τ; and

if T is greater than τ, the next available time for the HARQ process ID occurs after the elapsed time T and at the latest to T + τ.

7. The wireless device (22) of claim 3, wherein the feedback timer is set to the lesser of T and τ, and:

when T is less than τ, then after the elapsed time T, the wireless device (22) assumes an ACK and uses the corresponding HARQ process ID for one of transmission of a new data packet and retransmission of the same data packet at time τ.

8. A method implemented by a wireless device (22) for performing uplink transmissions, the method comprising:

obtaining (S120) a timer value T for measuring an elapsed time from a start of a semi-persistent scheduling SPS uplink, UL, data transmission;

performing (S122) an SPS UL data transmission associated with a hybrid automatic repeat request, HARQ, process identification, ID, wherein the HARQ process ID is one of a plurality of HARQ process IDs; and

after the elapsed time T, new data transmission or autonomous retransmission with the HARQ process ID is performed (S124) at the next available time of the HARQ process ID.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: after the elapsed time T, one of an acknowledgement ACK and a negative acknowledgement NACK is assumed for an SPS UL data transmission having the HARQ process ID at a next available time of the HARQ process ID.

10. The method of any of claims 8 and 9, wherein a next available time after the elapsed time T occurs after the greater of the acquired timer value T and a total time τ of the round-robin traversal of the plurality of HARQ process IDs for SPS UL data transmission.

11. The method according to any one of claims 8-10, further comprising: at the next available time of the HARQ process ID after the elapsed time T, an ACK is assumed and a new data transmission with the HARQ process ID is performed.

12. The method according to any one of claims 8-11, further comprising: measuring an elapsed time from a start of the SPS UL data transmission until the elapsed time is equal to the obtained value T and one of a total time τ to cycle through the plurality of HARQ process IDs for SPS UL data transmission.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein:

if T is less than τ, then the next available time for the HARQ process ID occurs after τ; and

if T is greater than τ, the next available time for the HARQ process ID occurs after the elapsed time T and at the latest to T + τ.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein a feedback timer is set to the lesser of T and τ, and:

when T is less than τ, then after the elapsed time T, the wireless device (22) assumes an ACK and uses the corresponding HARQ process ID for one of transmission of a new data packet and retransmission of the same data packet at time τ.

15. A network node (16) comprising:

a radio interface (62) configured to receive a semi-persistent scheduling, SPS, uplink, UL, data transmission from a wireless device (22) associated with a hybrid automatic repeat request, HARQ, process identification, ID, wherein the HARQ process ID is one of a plurality of HARQ process IDs; and

a processing circuit (68) configured to:

measuring a time T after receiving the SPS UL data transmission;

attempting to decode the SPS UL data transmission; and

after the elapsed time T, one of a new SPS UL data transmission and a retransmission of a previously received SPS UL data transmission is received for the HARQ process ID.

16. The network node (16) of claim 15, wherein the processing circuit (68) is further configured to: not transmitting an Ack to the wireless device (22) for the received SPS UL data transmission when the attempted decoding is successful, and receiving a new SPS UL data transmission for the HARQ process ID after an elapsed time T.

17. The network node (16) of any of claims 15 and 16, wherein the received new SPS UL data transmission for the HARQ process occurs after an elapsed time greater than time T, wherein the elapsed time corresponds to a time τ during which the wireless device (22) cycles through the plurality of HARQ process IDs for SPS UL data transmissions.

18. The network node (16) of any of claims 15 and 16, wherein the received new SPS UL data transmission for the HARQ process occurs after an elapsed time greater than time T, wherein the elapsed time corresponds to time T and a next available time for the HARQ process ID.

19. A method implemented by a network node (16), the method comprising:

receiving a semi-persistent scheduling, SPS, uplink, UL data transmission from a wireless device (22) associated with a hybrid automatic repeat request, HARQ, process identification, ID, wherein the HARQ process ID is one of a plurality of HARQ process IDs;

measuring (S111) a time T after receiving the SPS UL data transmission;

attempting (S112) to decode the SPS UL data transmission;

after said time T, receiving (S114) one of a new SPS UL data transmission and a retransmission of a previously received SPS UL data transmission for said HARQ process ID.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising: not transmitting an Ack to the wireless device (22) for the received SPS UL data transmission when the attempted decoding is successful, and receiving a new SPS UL data transmission for the HARQ process ID after the time T.

21. The method of any of claims 19 and 20, wherein receiving a new SPS UL data transmission for the HARQ process occurs after an elapsed time greater than time T, wherein the elapsed time corresponds to time τ during which the wireless device (22) cycles through the plurality of HARQ process IDs for SPS UL data transmissions.

22. The method of any of claims 19 and 20, wherein the received new SPS UL data transmission for the HARQ process occurs after an elapsed time greater than time T, wherein the elapsed time corresponds to time T and a next available time for the HARQ process ID.

23. A computer program for a wireless device comprising instructions that, when executed on a processor, cause the wireless device to perform the method of any of claims 8-14.

24. A computer program for a network node comprising instructions which, when executed on a processor, cause the network node to perform the method of any of claims 19-22.

25. A computer program product or storage medium comprising a memory (72, 88), the memory (72, 88) comprising instructions that, when executed on a processor (70, 86), cause the processor (70, 86) to perform the method of any of claims 8-14 or 19-22.

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and in particular to HARQ transmissions in uplink semi-persistent scheduling transmission operations.

Background

In cellular wireless systems, such as the Long Term Evolution (LTE) and New Radio (NR) standards in the third generation partnership project (3GPP), resources for Uplink (UL) transmissions are typically scheduled by a network node (eNB or gNB). This may be done dynamically, i.e. the eNB schedules UL transmissions at each Transmission Time Interval (TTI). Alternatively, this may be done using a semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) framework such that multiple TTIs are granted simultaneously (i.e., prior to data transmission), where UL transmissions are scheduled without dynamic grants. The configuration of the SPS includes periodicity, allocation, and Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) of grants in subsequent SPS opportunities.

Another related concept in wireless transmission is data retransmission. When data transmission fails due to some error that cannot be resolved in decoding, the receiver may ask the transmitter for data retransmission. The retransmission method may simply send the same data or better encoded data at a lower rate, etc. On the receiver side, the receiver can simply use the new, retransmitted data instead of the old data, or combine them for more reliable detection. This is the basis for hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ).

LTE uses a synchronous HARQ concept, where the data receiver must send an acknowledgement of correctly received data or an acknowledgement of error detection (ACK/NACK) in the physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH) at a certain time. In LTE, the wireless device (wireless device) uses the same HARQ process number every 8 TTIs. If needed, data retransmission with the same HARQ occurs every 8 TTIs. Since the wireless device uses a specific HARQ process Identification (ID) at a specific subframe, the eNB knows exactly which HARQ was received and when.

The NR standard specified in 3GPP is based on asynchronous HARQ transmission, which means that no specific time is expected for ACK/NACK, i.e. no PHICH will be introduced. Further, in LTE sTTI and in reduced processing time (n +3), PHICH is not introduced and thus ACK/NACK is not transmitted.

SPS (term in LTE) is the same as "UL transmission without UL grant-type 2" being discussed in 3 GPP. Another "UL transmission without UL grant-type 1" only differs in resource configuration. Since the final terminology has not been determined, in this disclosure, SPS is used to refer to both LTE SPS and NR "UL transmissions without UL grant" type 1 and type 2, or "configured grant" corresponding to uplink transmissions without dynamic grant.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present application to provide a solution for HARQ feedback for semi-persistent scheduling. Some embodiments advantageously provide a method, a wireless device and a network node for handling HARQ transmissions. In particular, for asynchronous HARQ transmission, a solution is provided which determines whether new data transmission or retransmission should be performed, and at what point in time retransmission or new data transmission should occur. In the present disclosure, an arrangement is proposed for handling the offset (mismatch) between the retransmission (feedback) timer T and the time τ of the cyclic traversal of multiple HARQ processes (where "τ" is the greek letter tau). The advantage is that multiple semi-persistent HARQ processes can be handled asynchronously (i.e. without explicit dedicated signalling) and the transmission node can autonomously determine the feedback. This provides for a more efficient use of transmission resources.

According to one method, retransmission or new data transmission is performed at a time determined by min (T, τ). This means that, for example, the retransmission rule is applied after the timer with time min (T, τ) is terminated.

According to another approach, if the timer value T is less than or equal to τ, the timer value T is not needed and after time τ, the wireless device assumes an ACK (or NACK) and proceeds with the next transmission (or retransmits the same packet).

If the timer value T is greater than τ, after time τ, the wireless device assumes that the UL transmission was unsuccessful and retransmits at the next time. The proposed method avoids ambiguity when the timer is longer than the HARQ period.

Thus, according to one embodiment, a wireless device includes a radio interface configured to: a timer value T for measuring the time elapsed from the start of a semi-persistently scheduled SPS uplink, UL, data transmission is obtained. WD further comprises a processing circuit configured to: performing an SPS UL data transmission associated with a hybrid automatic repeat request, HARQ, process identification, ID, wherein the HARQ process ID is one of a plurality of HARQ process IDs, and after an elapsed time, T, performing a new data transmission or autonomous retransmission with the HARQ process ID at a next available time of the HARQ process ID.

According to this aspect, in some embodiments, the processing circuitry is further configured to: after the elapsed time T, one of an acknowledgement ACK and a negative acknowledgement NACK is assumed for an SPS UL data transmission with the HARQ process ID at a next available time of the HARQ process ID. In some embodiments, the next available time after the elapsed time T occurs after the greater of the acquired timer value T and the total time τ to cycle through the plurality of HARQ process IDs for SPS UL data transmission. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry is further configured to: at the next available time of the HARQ process ID after the elapsed time T, an ACK is assumed and a new data transmission with the HARQ process ID is performed. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry is further configured to: measuring an elapsed time from a start of the SPS UL data transmission until the elapsed time is equal to the obtained value T and one of a total time τ to cycle through the plurality of HARQ process IDs for SPS UL data transmission. In some embodiments, if T is less than τ, then the next available time for the HARQ process ID occurs after time τ; and if T is greater than τ, the next available time for the HARQ process ID occurs after the elapsed time T and at the latest to T + τ. In some embodiments, the feedback timer is set to the lesser of T and τ, and when T is less than τ, then after the elapsed time T, the wireless device assumes an ACK and uses the corresponding HARQ process ID for one of transmission of a new data packet and retransmission of the same data packet at time τ.

According to another aspect, a method implemented by a wireless device for performing uplink transmissions is provided. The method comprises the following steps: a timer value T for measuring the time elapsed from the start of a semi-persistently scheduled SPS uplink, UL, data transmission is obtained. The method comprises the following steps: performing an SPS UL data transmission associated with a hybrid automatic repeat request, HARQ, process identification, ID, wherein the HARQ process ID is one of a plurality of HARQ process IDs. The method further comprises the following steps: after the elapsed time T, new data transmission or autonomous retransmission with the HARQ process ID is performed at the next available time of the HARQ process ID. In some embodiments, the method further comprises: after the elapsed time T, one of an acknowledgement ACK and a negative acknowledgement NACK is assumed for an SPS UL data transmission with the HARQ process ID at a next available time of the HARQ process ID. In some embodiments, the next available time after the elapsed time T occurs after the greater of the acquired timer value T and the total time τ to cycle through the plurality of HARQ process IDs for SPS UL data transmission. In some embodiments, the method further comprises: at the next available time of the HARQ process ID after the elapsed time T, an ACK is assumed and a new data transmission with the HARQ process ID is performed. In some embodiments, the method further comprises: measuring an elapsed time from a start of the SPS UL data transmission until the elapsed time is equal to the obtained value T and one of a total time τ to cycle through the plurality of HARQ process IDs for SPS UL data transmission. In some embodiments, if T is less than τ, then the next available time for the HARQ process ID occurs after τ; and if T is greater than τ, the next available time for the HARQ process ID occurs after the elapsed time T and at the latest to T + τ. In some embodiments, the feedback timer is set to the lesser of T and τ, and when T is less than τ, then after the elapsed time T, the wireless device assumes an ACK and uses the corresponding HARQ process ID for one of transmission of a new data packet and retransmission of the same data packet at time τ.

According to another aspect, a network node comprises a radio interface configured to: receiving a semi-persistent scheduling, SPS, uplink, UL, data transmission from a wireless device associated with a hybrid automatic repeat request, HARQ, process identification, ID, wherein the HARQ process ID is one of a plurality of HARQ process IDs. The network node further comprises processing circuitry configured to: measuring a time T after receiving the SPS UL data transmission; attempting to decode the SPS UL data transmission; and receiving, after the elapsed time T, one of a new SPS UL data transmission and a retransmission of a previously received SPS UL data transmission for the HARQ process ID.

According to this aspect, in some embodiments, the processing circuitry is further configured to: not transmitting an Ack to the wireless device for the received SPS UL data transmission when the attempted decoding is successful, and receiving a new SPS UL data transmission for the HARQ process ID after an elapsed time T. In some embodiments, the received new SPS UL data transmission for the HARQ process occurs after an elapsed time greater than time T, wherein the elapsed time corresponds to time τ during which the wireless device cycles through the plurality of HARQ process IDs for SPS UL data transmissions. In some embodiments, the received new SPS UL data transmission for the HARQ process occurs after an elapsed time greater than time T, wherein the elapsed time corresponds to time T and a next available time for the HARQ process ID.

According to another aspect, a method implemented by a network node is provided. The method comprises the following steps: receiving a semi-persistent scheduling, SPS, uplink, UL, data transmission from a wireless device associated with a hybrid automatic repeat request, HARQ, process identification, ID, wherein the HARQ process ID is one of a plurality of HARQ process IDs. The method further comprises the following steps: after receiving the SPS UL data transmission, time T is measured. The method further comprises the following steps: an attempt is made to decode the SPS UL data transmission. The method further comprises the following steps: after the time T, receiving one of a new SPS UL data transmission and a retransmission of a previously received SPS UL data transmission for the HARQ process ID.

According to this aspect, in some embodiments, the method comprises: when the attempted decoding is successful, not transmitting an Ack to the wireless device for the received SPS UL data transmission, and after a time T, receiving a new SPS UL data transmission for the HARQ process ID. In some embodiments, receiving a new SPS UL data transmission for the HARQ process occurs after an elapsed time greater than time T, wherein the elapsed time corresponds to time τ during which the wireless device cycles through the plurality of HARQ process IDs for SPS UL data transmissions. In some embodiments, the received new SPS UL data transmission for the HARQ process occurs after an elapsed time greater than time T, wherein the elapsed time corresponds to time T and a next available time for the HARQ process ID.

According to another aspect, a wireless device comprises instructions which, when executed on a processor, cause the wireless device to perform any of the above methods. According to another aspect, a network node comprises instructions which, when executed on a processor, cause the network node to perform any of the above methods. According to another aspect, a computer program product or storage medium comprises a memory, the memory comprising instructions, which when executed on a processor, cause the processor to perform any of the above-described methods.

Drawings

A more complete understanding of the present embodiments, and the attendant advantages and features thereof, will be more readily understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:

fig. 1 is a diagram showing ambiguous consecutive HARQ IDs after time τ;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary network architecture of a communication system connected to a host computer via an intermediate network according to the principles of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a host computer communicating with a wireless device via a network node over at least a partial wireless connection according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 4 is a block diagram of an alternative embodiment of a network node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 5 is a block diagram of an alternative embodiment of a wireless device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an alternative embodiment of a host computer according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

7-10 are flowcharts illustrating example methods implemented in a communication system including a host, a network node, and a wireless device, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 11 is a flow diagram of an example process in a network node for handling HARQ transmissions, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 12 is another flow diagram of an exemplary process in a network node for processing HARQ transmissions, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 13 is a flow diagram of an example process in a wireless device for processing HARQ transmissions, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

fig. 14 is another flow diagram of an example process in a wireless device for processing HARQ transmissions, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 15 is a diagram of consecutive HARQ IDs for T > τ; and

fig. 16 is a diagram of consecutive HARQ IDs, and shows retransmission after a time interval τ.

Detailed Description

Before describing the exemplary embodiments in detail, it should be observed that the embodiments reside primarily in combinations of apparatus components and processing steps related to processing HARQ transmissions. Accordingly, the components have been represented where appropriate by conventional symbols in the drawings, showing only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments so as not to obscure the disclosure with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the description herein. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout the specification.

Relational terms such as "first" and "second," "top" and "bottom," and the like, as used herein, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or element from another entity or element without necessarily requiring or implying any physical or logical relationship or order between such entities or elements. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the concepts described herein. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes" and/or "including," when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

In the embodiments described herein, the connecting terms "in communication with … …," etc. may be used to indicate electrical or data communication, which may be accomplished through physical contact, induction, electromagnetic radiation, radio signaling, infrared signaling, or optical signaling, for example. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various components may interoperate and that modifications and variations may be implemented for electrical and data communications.

In some embodiments described herein, the terms "coupled," "connected," and the like may be used herein to indicate a connection (although not necessarily directly), and may include wired and/or wireless connections.

The term "network node" as used herein may be any type of network node comprised in a radio network, which may also comprise any of the following: a Base Station (BS), a radio base station, a Base Transceiver Station (BTS), a Base Station Controller (BSC), a Radio Network Controller (RNC), a gbob (gnb), an evolved nodeb (eNB or eNodeB), a nodeb, a multi-standard radio (MSR) radio node (e.g., MSR BS), a multi-cell/Multicast Coordination Entity (MCE), a relay node, a donor node controlling a relay, a radio Access Point (AP), a transmission point, a transmission node, a Remote Radio Unit (RRU), a Remote Radio Head (RRH), a core network node (e.g., a Mobile Management Entity (MME), a self-organizing network (SON) node, a coordination node, a positioning node, an MDT node, etc.), an external node (e.g., a third party node, a node external to the current network), a node in a Distributed Antenna System (DAS), a Spectrum Access System (SAS) node, a network node, a radio network controller, An Element Management System (EMS), etc. The network node may further comprise a test device. The term "radio node" as used herein may also be used to denote a wireless device (e.g., a wireless device) or a radio network node.

In some embodiments, the non-limiting terms wireless device or User Equipment (UE) are used interchangeably. The wireless device herein may be any type of wireless device, e.g. a wireless device, capable of communicating with a network node or another wireless device by radio signals. The wireless device may also be a radio communication device, a target device, a device-to-device (D2D) wireless device, a machine type wireless device, or a machine-to-machine communication (M2M) enabled wireless device, a low cost and/or low complexity wireless device, a wireless device equipped sensor, a tablet, a mobile terminal, a smartphone, a laptop embedded device (LEE), a laptop installation device (LME), a USB dongle, a Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), an internet of things (IoT) device, or a narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) device, among others.

Furthermore, in some embodiments, the generic term "radio network node" is used. It may be any type of radio network node, and may include any of the following: a base station, a radio base station, a base transceiver station, a base station controller, a network controller, an RNC, an evolved node b (enb), a node B, gNB, a multi-cell/Multicast Coordination Entity (MCE), a relay node, an access point, a radio access point, a Remote Radio Unit (RRU), a Remote Radio Head (RRH).

Note that although terminology from one particular wireless system (e.g., 3GPP LTE or NR) may be used in this disclosure, this should not be taken as limiting the scope of this disclosure to only the aforementioned systems. Other wireless systems, including but not limited to Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMax), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), and global system for mobile communications (GSM), may also benefit from exploiting the concepts covered by this disclosure.

It should also be noted that the functions described herein as being performed by a wireless device or a network node may be distributed across multiple wireless devices and/or network nodes. In other words, it is contemplated that the functionality of the network node and the wireless device described herein is not limited to being performed by a single physical device, and may in fact be distributed among several physical devices.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It will be understood that terms used herein should be interpreted as consistent with their meaning in the context of this specification and the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

38页详细技术资料下载
上一篇:一种医用注射器针头装配设备
下一篇:无线通信系统中的用户装置

网友询问留言

已有0条留言

还没有人留言评论。精彩留言会获得点赞!

精彩留言,会给你点赞!

技术分类