阅读说明：本技术 一种基于土壤种子库改良修复硬质驳岸植被的方法 (Method for improving and repairing hard revetment vegetation based on soil seed bank ) 是由 任琼 朱仔伟 周莉荫 梅雅茹 缪泸君 袁继红 唐山 万方 于 2020-07-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种基于土壤种子库改良修复硬质驳岸植被的方法,可以改善硬质驳岸不能生长植物并危及鸟类、鱼类的生存的问题,提高硬质驳岸的生态效益,具体因地制宜原则,从乡土自然湿地的种子库中选取优势土壤种子,可以控制外来物种入侵,同时具有材料易得、成本低、操作简单易行的特点。为了进一步恢复硬质驳岸的生态环境,本发明还对土壤中的优势微生物进行驯化,然后将驯化后得到生物菌剂加入到已撒种的土壤中,对驳岸土壤进行改性,使得其更适合硬质驳岸植被的生长。(The invention provides a method for improving and repairing vegetation on a hard revetment based on a soil seed bank, which can solve the problems that the hard revetment cannot grow plants and endangers the survival of birds and fishes, improves the ecological benefit of the hard revetment, selects dominant soil seeds from the seed bank of a native natural wetland according to the principle of local conditions, can control the invasion of foreign species, and has the characteristics of easily available materials, low cost and simple and easy operation. In order to further restore the ecological environment of the hard revetment, the invention also domesticates dominant microorganisms in the soil, and then adds a biological agent obtained after domestication into the sown soil to modify the revetment soil, so that the revetment soil is more suitable for the growth of hard revetment vegetation.)

1. A method for improving and repairing hard revetment vegetation based on a soil seed bank is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting dominant soil seeds from a healthy wetland seed bank, wherein the density of the seeds in the soil bank is not less than 3000 seeds/m²，

(2) Mixing soil seed banks of different sources or adding naturally harvested seeds to prepare a mixed soil seed bank, wherein the mixed soil seed bank comprises grasses, emergent aquatic plants, submerged plants and floating plants;

(3) adding a chemical modifier into the mixed soil seed bank obtained in the step (2), wherein the adding amount is 0.5-0.9kg/m²Preparing an improved soil seed bank, wherein the chemical modifier comprises 3-6 parts of gibberellin, 2-5 parts of abscisic acid and 2-5 parts of β -cyclodextrin;

(4) screening out dominant microbes from soil in a seed bank in the step (1) to prepare a microbial agent;

(5) scattering the improved soil seed bank obtained in the step (3) into the soil of the hard revetment to be repaired, and adding the microbial agent prepared in the step (4) with the addition amount of 0.2-0.4kg/m²Obtaining improved seed bank soil;

(6) the improved seed bank soil is filled in the gaps of the hard revetment by adopting a soil dressing method, so that the improved seed bank soil grows and forms, and the ecological function of the hard revetment is improved.

2. The method for improving and repairing hard revetment vegetation based on a soil seed bank according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the healthy wetland is one selected from a water-wet-resistant plant distribution area, a marsh plant area, a lake hydro-fluctuation belt, a lake sediment area and a shoal wetland.

3. The method for improving and repairing hard revetment vegetation based on a soil seed bank according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein: the density of the seeds in the soil reservoir is 3000-6000 granules/m²。

4. The method for improving and repairing hard revetment vegetation based on a soil seed bank according to claim 3, wherein: the density of the seeds in the soil reservoir is 4000-²。

5. The method for improving and repairing hard revetment vegetation based on a soil seed bank according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the addition amount of the naturally harvested seeds is 1000-²。

6. The method for improving and repairing hard revetment vegetation based on a soil seed bank according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the weight ratio of the seeds of the grass, the emergent aquatic plant, the submerged plant and the floating plant is 1:1-2:2-3:1-2, and a plant ecological community with various species can be formed.

7. The method for improving and repairing hard revetment vegetation based on a soil seed bank according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the method for domesticating dominant microorganisms in soil in the step (4) comprises the following steps:

(1) screening dominant microorganisms from soil in a seed bank;

(2) carrying out shake culture on the microorganisms screened in the step (1) in a domesticated liquid culture medium for 2-3d, and then transferring the microorganisms to a domesticated solid culture medium for culture to obtain bacterial colonies;

(3) and (3) selecting the bacterial colony, continuously domesticating for 3-5 times according to the method in the step (2), and finally inoculating the bacterial colony into an enrichment culture medium to obtain the biological agent.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of ecological restoration of degraded hard revetments, and particularly relates to a method for improving and restoring vegetation of hard revetments based on a soil seed bank.

Background

The revetment is built at the edge of a water body and at the junction of land, and is stabilized by engineering measures so as to avoid being damaged by various natural factors and human factors, and protects facilities along the land while protecting the water body. From the perspective of environmental engineering, revetments can be divided into two major categories, hard revetments and ecological revetments. The hard revetment is a water-impermeable or semi-permeable facility which is formed by fixing a slope with cement mortar by using rock blocks or overlapped rocks and completely or partially hardening the water-facing part of the river and the lake to prevent plants from growing on the revetment. The ecological revetment is a revetment type with little or no stone block to fix the revetment and a large amount or full vegetation revetment.

The hard revetment river course is often simple in habitat and lacks places suitable for aquatic animals and plants to inhabit and multiply, so that the biological diversity of the water body is reduced, and the original vitality of the natural river course is lacked in the river course; on the other hand, the smooth rigid revetment prevents the grass on the riverbed from growing, the material circulation and energy flow among water, soil and organisms are blocked and damaged, the self-cleaning capability of the water body is lost, and the water pollution problem is severe. With the increasing desire of people for ecological service functions and living environments of river water systems, the concept of urban river regulation is gradually transformed from general water conservancy construction to comprehensive treatment ecological engineering of comfort, beauty, leisure, culture and the like, wherein the problems of water landscape and water ecology of hard revetment urban artificial river are widely concerned.

The soil seed bank is the sum of all surviving seeds existing in the upper litters of the soil and the soil, wherein a large number of potential ungerminated plant seeds are stored, the seeds not only comprise seeds of existing species on the ground, but also comprise seeds of nearby plant communities diffused into the soil seed bank through various ways, the individual number of the seeds can far exceed the number of plants on the ground, and the seeds have stronger tolerance and resilience than the plants. In addition, seeds buried in surface soil in the form of seed banks can escape from damage such as disturbance, disease and animal predation, and therefore the period of the soil seed bank is also referred to as "the sub-population stage" and is considered to have potential vegetation renewal and restoration ability.

At present, the research and development of wetland vegetation restoration through a wetland soil seed bank are paid attention, but most research and development are carried out by comparing the compositions of the soil seed bank and ground vegetation species, and reports on the aspect of restoring hard revetment vegetation by utilizing the wetland soil seed bank are not found.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving and repairing hard revetment vegetation based on a soil seed bank, which can solve the problems that the hard revetment cannot grow plants and endangers the survival of birds and fishes, improves the ecological benefit of the hard revetment, selects dominant soil seeds from the seed bank of a native natural wetland according to the principle of local conditions, can control the invasion of foreign species, and has the characteristics of easily available materials, low cost and simple and easy operation. In order to further restore the ecological environment of the hard revetment, the invention also domesticates dominant microorganisms in the soil, and then adds a biological agent obtained after domestication into the sown soil to modify the revetment soil, so that the revetment soil is more suitable for the growth of hard revetment vegetation.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the method for improving and repairing the hard revetment vegetation based on the soil seed bank comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting dominant soil seeds from a healthy wetland seed bank, wherein the density of the seeds in the soil bank is not less than 3000 seeds/m²，

(2) Mixing soil seed banks of different sources or adding naturally harvested seeds to prepare a mixed soil seed bank, wherein the mixed soil seed bank comprises grasses, emergent aquatic plants, submerged plants and floating plants;

(3) adding a chemical modifier into the mixed soil seed bank obtained in the step (2), wherein the adding amount is 0.5-0.9kg/m²Preparing an improved soil seed bank, wherein the chemical modifier comprises 3-6 parts of gibberellin, 2-5 parts of abscisic acid and 2-5 parts of β -cyclodextrin;

(4) screening out dominant microbes from soil in a seed bank in the step (1) to prepare a microbial agent;

(5) scattering the improved soil seed bank obtained in the step (3) into the soil of the hard revetment to be repaired, and adding the microbial agent prepared in the step (4) with the addition amount of 0.2-0.4kg/m²Obtaining improved seed bank soil;

(6) the improved seed bank soil is filled in the gaps of the hard revetment by adopting a soil dressing method, so that the improved seed bank soil grows and forms, and the ecological function of the hard revetment is improved.

Further, the healthy wetland is selected from one of a water-wet-resistant plant distribution area, a marsh plant area, a lake hydro-fluctuation belt, a lake sediment area and a shoal wetland; the density of the seeds in the soil reservoir is 3000-6000 grains/m²Preferably 4000-²。

Further, the addition amount of the naturally harvested seeds is 1000-²。

Furthermore, the weight ratio of the seeds of the grass, the emergent aquatic plant, the submerged plant and the floating plant is 1:1-2:2-3:1-2, and a plant ecological community with various species can be formed.

Further, the method for domesticating dominant microorganisms in soil comprises the following steps:

(1) screening dominant microorganisms from soil in a seed bank;

(2) carrying out shake culture on the microorganisms screened in the step (1) in a domesticated liquid culture medium for 2-3d, and then transferring the microorganisms to a domesticated solid culture medium for culture to obtain bacterial colonies;

(3) and (3) selecting the bacterial colony, continuously domesticating for 3-5 times according to the method in the step (2), and finally inoculating the bacterial colony into an enrichment culture medium to obtain the biological agent.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the material is easy to obtain, the cost is low, and the operation is simple and easy;

(2) the invention can solve the problems that the hard revetment can not grow plants and endangers the survival of birds and fishes, and improve the ecological benefit of the hard revetment;

(3) the adoption of the native wetland vegetation seeds can control the invasion of foreign species;

(4) multiple species coexist, the structure is stable, the self-renewal can be realized, and the ecological landscape is rich.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a long-range view and a short-range view of a hard revetment repaired by the method described in embodiment 1 of the present invention

Detailed Description

For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the present invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims which follow. All of the starting materials of the present invention, without particular limitation as to their source, may be purchased commercially or prepared according to conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.