阅读说明：本技术 疼痛缓解制剂以及治疗方法 (Pain relief formulations and methods of treatment ) 是由 M·莱格 于 2014-10-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种可局部施用的疼痛缓解制剂,其包含：白昆士亚提取物或其一种或多种成分或衍生物；薄荷醇；辣椒素；和贯叶连翘提取物或其一种或多种成分或衍生物。该制剂还可以包含水杨酸甲酯、黑胡椒和/或抗炎剂。该制剂可用于治疗或预防疼痛诸如关节炎、颈部疼痛、肩部疼痛、背部疼痛、术前和/或术后疼痛及与轻度或创伤性损伤或其他疾病或病症相关的疼痛。(A topically administrable pain-relieving formulation comprising: a white kunzia extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof; menthol; capsaicin; and Hypericum perforatum extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof. The formulation may also contain methyl salicylate, black pepper and/or an anti-inflammatory agent. The formulation can be used for treating or preventing pain such as arthritis, neck pain, shoulder pain, back pain, preoperative and/or postoperative pain, and pain associated with mild or traumatic injury or other disease or condition.)

1. A topically administrable pain-relieving formulation comprising:

(i) an extract of Kunzea (Kunzea ambigua) or one or more components or derivatives thereof;

(ii) menthol;

(iii) capsaicin; and

(iv) hypericum perforatum (Hypericum perforatum) extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof.

2. The pain relief formulation of claim 1, wherein the formulation comprises from about 0.01% to about 75% of the extract of Queensland or one or more components or derivatives thereof.

3. The pain relief formulation of claim 1 or 2, wherein the formulation comprises from about 5% to about 25-50% of the extract of leuconychia or one or more components or derivatives thereof.

4. The pain relief formulation of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the extract of Quassia alba or one or more components or derivatives thereof is Quassia alba oil.

5. The pain relief formulation of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the formulation comprises from about 0.01% to about 10% menthol.

6. The pain relief formulation of any one of claims 1-5 wherein the formulation comprises about 5% menthol.

7. The pain relief formulation of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the formulation comprises from about 0.01% to about 10% capsaicin.

8. The pain relief formulation of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the formulation comprises about 0.035% or about 2.5% capsaicin.

9. The pain relief formulation of any one of claims 1-8 wherein the formulation comprises from about 0.01% to about 20% hypericum perforatum extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof.

10. The pain relief formulation of any one of claims 1-9 wherein the formulation comprises about 0.25% or about 10% hypericum perforatum extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof.

11. The pain relief formulation of any one of claims 1-10 wherein the Hypericum perforatum extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof is Hypericum perforatum essential oil.

12. The pain relief formulation of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the formulation further comprises methyl salicylate.

13. The pain relief formulation of claim 12, wherein the formulation comprises from about 0% to about 20% methyl salicylate.

14. The pain relief formulation of claim 12 or 13, wherein the formulation comprises about 5% or about 10% methyl salicylate.

15. The pain relief formulation of any one of claims 1-14, further comprising at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, and/or excipient.

16. The pain relief formulation of claim 15 wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is an oil.

17. The pain relief formulation of any one of claims 1-16, further comprising at least one additional terpene.

18. The pain relief formulation of claim 17, wherein the terpene is black pepper extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof.

19. The pain relief formulation of claim 18 wherein the black pepper extract or one or more ingredients or derivatives thereof is black pepper essential oil.

20. The pain relief formulation of any one of claims 1-20, further comprising a penetration enhancer.

21. The pain relief formulation of claim 20 wherein the penetration enhancer is oleic acid.

22. The pain relief formulation of any one of claims 1-21, further comprising an anti-inflammatory agent.

23. The pain relief formulation of any one of claims 1-22, wherein the formulation is an oil, mousse, gel, cream, lotion, lubricant, foam, liquid, or aerosol.

24. A method of producing a topically administrable pain relief formulation according to any one of claims 1-23, comprising the steps of: micronizing capsaicin and then combining the micronized capsaicin with other ingredients to thereby produce a topical pain relief formulation.

25. Use of an effective amount of a topical pain relief formulation of any one of claims 1-23 in the manufacture of a medicament for treating pain or preventing pain in a subject.

26. The use of claim 25, wherein the pain is selected from the group consisting of: arthritic pain, neck pain, shoulder pain, back pain, surgical pain, preoperative and/or postoperative pain, bone injury pain, muscle pain; pain associated with muscle tension, fatigue, spinal curvature, mild and severe disc compression, nerve compression, muscle strain or sprain, nerve tension and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS); pain associated with traumatic injury, hematoma, myositis, lumbar syndrome, spinal stenosis, joint pain, cancer-induced bone pain and bone fractures; pain associated with osteoporotic fractures of the lumbar spine and other areas; traumatic fractures; pain associated with pre-and post-orthopedic procedures; pain caused by intervertebral disc prolapse, musculoskeletal pain, dislocation, herniated disc, prolapsed disc, ruptured disc, cervical sprain, fibromyositis, intercostal rib pain, muscle tear, tendonitis, bursitis, meniscus tear, tendon tear, and bony spur; pain associated with muscle spasm, pain caused by exercise-related injury, hematoma, bruise, sprain, muscle spasm, partial tendon laceration, tendonitis, bursitis, myositis, traumatic arthritis, and joint dislocation insertion; neuralgia; and pain caused by other diseases, disorders, or conditions.

27. The use of claim 25 or 26, wherein the subject is a human.

28. A kit comprising a pain relief formulation according to any one of claims 1-23 or produced according to the method of claim 24, an administration device, and instructions for using the formulation to provide pain relief to a subject in need thereof.

29. The kit of claim 28, wherein the applicator is a roll-on device.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to topical pain relief formulations and methods of treatment. The formulation can be used in a variety of pain relief applications, such as the treatment of joint pain.

Background

The development of safer and more effective methods of reducing or eliminating pain using topical formulations is a continuing process. Over time, a variety of topical formulations have been developed. These formulations include lotions, gels and ointments, which contain various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as aspirin.

However, many current topical analgesics are not entirely satisfactory and may have side effects. For example, opioids may cause tolerance, dependence, constipation, respiratory depression and sedation. NSAIDS have gastrointestinal side effects that can lead to kidney damage and can increase bleeding time and are not effective in treating severe pain, while non-selective sodium channel blockers can cause Central Nervous System (CNS) side effects, cardiovascular side effects, and corneal injury after use.

Although many of the currently available topical formulations for pain relief reduce pain to some extent, there is always interest in identifying new formulations that provide more sustained pain relief over time without adverse side effects.

Therefore, there is a continuing interest in developing new local pain relief agents.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention relates to formulations and methods for treating pain in a subject.

The present invention relates broadly to pain relief preparations, such as for use in alleviating, relieving and/or preventing pain, for example pain associated with arthritis, joint pain, rheumatism, infections, myalgia, muscle injuries and neuralgia.

In a first aspect, the present invention provides a topically administrable pain relief formulation comprising:

(i) an extract of Kunzea (Kunzea ambigua) or one or more components or derivatives thereof;

(ii) menthol;

(iii) capsaicin; and

(iv) hypericum perforatum (Hypericum perforatum) extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof.

In one embodiment, the pain relief formulation comprises from about 0.01% to about 75% of the extract of quebracho or one or more components or derivatives thereof.

Preferably, the pain relief formulation comprises about 5% of the extract of quebracho or one or more components or derivatives thereof or about 25% to about 75% of the extract of quebracho or one or more components or derivatives thereof. Suitably, the extract of leucotrichia is leucotrichia oil.

In one embodiment, the pain relief formulation comprises from about 0.01% to about 10% menthol. Preferably, the pain relief formulation comprises about 5% menthol.

In one embodiment, the pain relief formulation comprises from about 0.01% to about 10% capsaicin. Preferably, the pain relief formulation comprises about 0.035% capsaicin or about 2.5% capsaicin.

In one embodiment, the pain relief formulation comprises from about 0.01% to about 20% hypericum perforatum extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof. Preferably, the pain relief formulation comprises about 0.25% hypericum perforatum extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof or about 10% hypericum perforatum extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof. Suitably, the Hypericum perforatum extract is Hypericum perforatum essential oil or soaking oil.

The topical formulation may also comprise methyl salicylate.

In one embodiment, the pain relief formulation comprises from about 0% to about 20% methyl salicylate. Preferably, the pain relief formulation comprises about 5% methyl salicylate or about 10% methyl salicylate.

In one embodiment, the topically administrable formulation further comprises at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent and/or excipient. Preferably, the at least one other pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent and/or excipient may comprise one or more of: solubilizers, emollients, humectants, thickeners, skin conditioning agents, preservatives and/or stabilizers as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

In one embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is an oil. Preferably, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is selected from the group consisting of: grape seed (Vitis vinifera) oil, olive (olea europaea) oil, jojoba (jojoba seed) oil, rose hip (Rosa canina, Rosa multiflora (Rosa Mosqueta) or Rosa rustica) oil.

The formulation may further comprise at least one additional terpene. Preferably, the terpene is black pepper (pepper) extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof. More preferably, the black pepper extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof is black pepper essential oil.

In one embodiment, the pain relief formulation comprises from about 0.01% to about 10% black pepper extract or one or more ingredients or derivatives thereof. Preferably, the pain relief formulation comprises about 0.25% black pepper extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof or about 2.5% black pepper extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof.

In another embodiment, the formulation further comprises a penetration enhancer. Preferably the penetration enhancer is oleic acid.

In one embodiment, the formulation further comprises 0.01% to 99% horse chestnut extract or one or more ingredients or derivatives thereof. Suitably, the formulation comprises horse chestnut extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof at a concentration of 1%.

In one embodiment, the formulation further comprises an anti-inflammatory agent. Suitably, the at least one anti-inflammatory agent is selected from the following non-limiting examples: steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, herbal and health supplements, dietary anti-inflammatory agents, anti-inflammatory oils, and any other known source of anti-inflammatory agents.

In one embodiment, the topical formulation is provided as an oil, mousse, gel, cream, lotion, foam, ointment, liniment, liquid, aerosol, and the like.

Preferably, the topical formulation is an oil, cream or lotion.

In one embodiment, the present invention provides formulations in the form of topical pain relief applications. The preparation comprises: 0.01-75% of extract of Quassia alba or one or more components or derivatives thereof, 0.01-10% of menthol, 0.01-10% of capsaicin, 0.01-20% of extract of Hypericum perforatum or one or more components or derivatives thereof; 0.01-10% of terpenes such as black pepper essential oil; at least one carrier such as 0.01-99% grape seed oil, 0.01-99% olive oil, 0.01-99% jojoba oil, and 0.01-99% rosehip oil; and optionally, 0-20% methyl salicylate.

In another embodiment, the formulation comprises: 0.01-75% of extract of Quassia alba or one or more components or derivatives thereof, 0.01-10% of menthol, 0.01-10% of capsaicin, 0.01-20% of extract of Hypericum perforatum or one or more components or derivatives thereof; 0.01-10% of terpenes such as black pepper essential oil; carrier such as 0.01-99% grape seed oil, 0.01-99% olive oil, 0.01-99% jojoba oil, and 0.01-99% rosehip oil; 0.01-75% of 1% of horse chestnut 1:1 fluid extract; and optionally, 0-20% methyl salicylate.

In another embodiment, the formulation comprises: 0.01-75% of extract of Quassia alba or one or more components or derivatives thereof, 0.01-10% of menthol, 0.01-10% of capsaicin, 0.01-20% of extract of Hypericum perforatum or one or more components or derivatives thereof; 0.01-10% of terpenes such as black pepper essential oil; a carrier such as 0.01-99% grape seed oil; and optionally, 0-20% methyl salicylate.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of producing a topical formulation according to the first aspect, comprising the steps of: micronizing capsaicin, and then combining the micronized capsaicin with other ingredients to produce a topical pain relief formulation.

In one embodiment, micronization of the dry ingredients is achieved by milling, mashing, macerating and/or grinding.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method of treating or preventing pain in a subject, the method comprising: topically administering to the subject an effective amount of a topical pain relief formulation according to the first aspect or produced according to the second aspect, to treat pain or prevent pain in the subject.

In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a topically administrable pain relieving formulation produced according to the first aspect or according to the method of the second aspect for use in the therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of pain.

In one embodiment, the pain relieving formulation is administered locally to the subject at a location proximal to the pain.

In one embodiment, the subject being treated suffers from pain selected from the group consisting of: arthritic pain, neck pain, shoulder pain, back pain, surgical pain, preoperative and/or postoperative pain, bone injury pain, muscle pain; pain associated with muscle tension, fatigue, spinal curvature, mild and severe disc compression, nerve compression, muscle strain or sprain, nerve tension and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS); pain associated with traumatic injury, hematoma, myositis, lumbar syndrome, spinal stenosis, joint pain, cancer-induced bone pain and bone fractures; pain associated with osteoporotic fractures of the lumbar spine and other areas; traumatic fractures; pain associated with pre-and post-orthopedic procedures; pain caused by intervertebral disc prolapse, musculoskeletal pain, dislocation, herniated disc, prolapsed disc, ruptured disc, cervical sprain, fibromyositis, intercostal rib pain, muscle tear, tendonitis, bursitis, meniscus tear, tendon tear, and bony spur; pain associated with muscle spasm, pain caused by exercise-related injury, hematoma, bruise, sprain, muscle spasm, partial tendon laceration, tendonitis, bursitis, myositis, traumatic arthritis, and joint dislocation insertion; neuralgia; and pain caused by a disease, disorder, or condition.

In one embodiment, the subject is a mammal. Preferably the subject is a human.

Alternatively, the subject is a non-human mammal, non-limiting examples of which include horses, dogs, cats, rabbits, and the like.

In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a kit comprising: a topically administrable pain relief formulation according to the first aspect or produced according to the method of the second aspect, an administration device, and instructions for using the formulation to provide pain relief to a subject in need thereof.

In one embodiment, the applicator is a roll-on device.

Throughout this specification, unless otherwise indicated, "comprise", "comprises", and "comprising" are used inclusively rather than exclusively, such that a stated integer or group of integers may include one or more other unstated integers or groups of integers.

As used in this specification, the indefinite articles "a" or "an" may refer to one entity or to multiple entities and are not to be considered or understood as limited to a single entity.

Detailed Description

The present invention relates to formulations and methods for treating pain in a subject, examples of which include arthritic pain, muscle pain or neuropathic pain.

The present inventors have created improved formulations that can help treat pain when applied topically to the skin. The present invention provides formulations and methods for treating pain, such as arthritic pain.

Topical formulations for pain relief

In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a topical formulation for the treatment of pain comprising:

(i) a white kunzia extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof;

(ii) menthol;

(iii) capsaicin; and

(iv) hypericum perforatum extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof.

The term "extract" as used herein refers to a composition or formulation comprising one or more active ingredients, compounds or substances obtained, isolated or extracted from a particular source. The active ingredient, compound or substance in the extract may be in a more concentrated or enriched form compared to its source. In particular, the extract may be obtained from a plant or any part thereof, including for example the natural australian plant white kunzia (myrtaceae) and the perennial herbs hypericum perforatum or st.

The term "derivative" refers to a modified form of a particular compound or substance. The derivative may be, for example, as a component of or a compound or modified form of a substance present in or obtainable from the extract of white kunia and/or the extract of hypericum perforatum. Other examples include menthol and/or capsaicin and derivatives of horse chestnut extract. Typically, the derivative is a chemically modified or related form of a particular compound or substance.

In one embodiment, the formulation comprises a white kunia extract from the white kunia natural plant of australia, or one or more components or derivatives thereof, at a concentration of about 0.01, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 to 50% by weight. Preferably, the extract of quebracho is quebracho olein.

Suitably, the pain relief formulation may be provided in diluted or concentrated form. Preferably, the diluted formulation comprises about 5% of the extract of quebracho, and the concentrated formulation comprises about 25% to 75% of the extract of quebracho. Preferably, the extract of quebracho is quebracho olein.

Suitably, the white Kunzhi sub-oil comprises the following ingredients: 52% of alpha-pinene; 12% of 1, 8-cineole; 2% of alpha-terpineol; 4.4% of bicyclic germacrene; 7.6% eudesmol; 6.8% of melaleuca alcohol; < 1% linalool; terpinen-4-ol; citronellol; -allojunthene; caryophyllene; trumpet tea alcohol and babassu alcohol.

White Kunststol is a safe, non-toxic essential oil that is well tolerated on the skin, even when used undiluted.

Alternative names and/or synonyms of whitetia may include, for example: leptospermum ambiguam, Kunzea brasilelate, Kunzea calida, tea Tree (Kunzea ericoides) (Kanuka) (synonym K.pedunculata), Pentium carbonarium (Kunzea granticicola), Kunzea opposite, Kunzea acaciaria, Kunzea acuminata, Kunzea affinalis, Kunzea baxteri, Kunzea brasilelate, Kunzea cambogeii, Kunzea capitata, Kunzea ericaria, Kunzea ericella, Kunzea microbacterifolia, Kunzea Kunzea kunzeuma Kunzea, Kunzea zezea, Kunzea zezeamerina, Kunzea berbernarea, Kunzea Kunzea, Kunzea berba, Kunzea myra, Kunzea myrtle, Kunzea Kunzea kunzeau, Kunzea berba, Kunzea myra, Kunzea Kunzea kunzeau, Kunzea berba, Kunzea ber.

In one embodiment, the formulation comprises menthol at a concentration of about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, 0.75, 1,0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5 to 10%. Preferably, the concentration of menthol is about 5%.

In one embodiment, the formulation comprises capsaicin at a concentration of about 0.01, 0.015, 0.02, 0.025, 0.03, 0.035, 0.04, 0.045, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5 to 10%. Preferably, the concentration of capsaicin in the diluted formulation is about 0.035%, and the concentration in the concentrated formulation is about 2.5%.

In one embodiment, the formulation comprises the forsythia suspensa component or extract or one or more derivatives thereof at a concentration of about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.10, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55, 0.60, 0.65, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 to 20%. Preferably, the concentration of Hypericum perforatum extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof is about 0.25% in a diluted formulation and about 10% in a concentrated formulation. Preferably, the Hypericum perforatum extract is Hypericum perforatum essential oil.

In one embodiment, the topical formulation further comprises methyl salicylate.

In one embodiment, the formulation comprises methyl salicylate at a concentration of about 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.10, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55, 0.60, 0.65, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, 1,0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0, 9.5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 to 20%. Preferably, the concentration of methyl salicylate in the diluted formulation is about 5%, and the concentration in the concentrated formulation is about 10%.

The topical formulations of the present invention may further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient. These include, but are not limited to, effective amounts of moisturizing, solubilizing, and/or substantive ingredients. A useful document describing pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents and excipients is the remington pharmaceutical sciences (Mack publishing company, NJ USA, 1991).

In one embodiment, the carrier is an oil, examples of which include, but are not limited to: grape (vitis vinifera) seed oil, olive (olea europaea) oil, jojoba (jojoba seed) oil, rose hip (rosa canina, rosa multiflora or rosa rustica) oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, avocado oil, peanut oil, corn oil, truffle oil, coconut oil, sesame oil, palm oil, linseed oil, hazelnut oil, pumpkin seed oil, almond oil, moroccan (Maroccan) oil, malus micromalus oil, clove oil, basil oil, nutmeg oil, rosemary oil or lavender oil.

Preferably, the carrier is selected from the group consisting of: grape seed (wine grape) oil, olive (olea europaea) oil, jojoba (jojoba seed) oil, and rose hip (Rosa canina, Rosa multiflora, or Rosa rubifolia) oil.

In one embodiment, the grape seed oil (vitis vinifera) comprises the fatty acids linoleic, linolenic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids.

In one embodiment, the formulation comprises grape seed oil at a concentration of about 0.0.1 to about 99%.

In one embodiment, olive (olea europaea) oil comprises the fatty acid components palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidic acid, gadoleic acid; hydrocarbons, examples of which include squalene and β -carotene; tocopherols, including for example vitamin E; and fatty alcohols and waxes.

Suitably, the formulation comprises olive oil at a concentration of about 0.01% to about 99%. Preferably, the concentration of olive oil is about 15%.

In one embodiment, jojoba (jojoba seed) oil comprises the fatty acid components palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidic, eicosenoic, behenic, erucic, lignoceric; and iodine.

In one embodiment, the formulation comprises jojoba oil at a concentration of about 0.01% to about 99%. Preferably, the concentration of jojoba oil is about 5%.

Jojoba oil is highly stable and does not oxidize, volatilize or deteriorate and foul after standing for a long time. Repeated heating to temperatures above 285 ℃ for a period of 4 days and exposure to high pressure did not change its properties.

In another embodiment, the rosehip oil comprises the fatty acids oleic acid (20%), linoleic acid (41%) and linolenic acid (39%), trans-retinoic acid; red and yellow pigments including, for example, the carotenoids beta-carotene, lycopene, rubixanthin, pravastatin, beta-cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin, as well as other secondary carotenoids (violaxanthin, antherin, and gamma-carotene); and essential fats. The rose hip enhances transdermal absorption of the active agent.

In one embodiment, the formulation comprises rosehip oil at a concentration of about 0.025% to about 99%. Preferably, the concentration of rosehip oil is about 1%.

In addition to the above carriers, the formulations may also contain terpenes (Aqi, M et al, 2007, Drug discovery today, Vol.12, pp.23-24, 1061-1067; and Williams, A.C and Barry, B.W.,1991, Pharmaceutical Research, Vol.8, p.1, pp.17-24).

In one embodiment, terpenes include, but are not limited to, the following examples: hemiterpene, monoterpene, sesquiterpene, diterpene, sesterterpene, triterpene, tetraterpene, and polyterpene. Alternatives may include: geraniol, citronellol, camphor, pinene (a and β) -pinus; borneol, rutaceae; myrtaceae; umbelliferae; labiatae family; compositae; oils of the Pinaceae family; bergamot, citronella, bay, vetiver, ginger, sandalwood, cinnamon, nutmeg, hemp, peppermint (Mentha x piperita), north american mint, spearmint (m.yiridis lin.) and hearty mint (Mentha x cardiac), Mentha arvensis, oils derived from eucalyptus multiceps, eucalyptus smith, eucalyptus australis and eucalyptus globulus.

Preferably, the terpenes in the formulation comprise black pepper extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof and menthol. More preferably, the black pepper extract is black pepper essential oil.

Suitably, the black pepper essential oil contains limonene, pinene, myrcene, phellandrene, beta-caryophyllene, beta-bisabolene, sabinene, linalool, abietyl alcohol, alpha-terpineol, camphene and alpha-abietyl (terpenene).

In one embodiment, the formulation comprises black pepper essential oil at a concentration of about 0.01% to about 10%. Preferably, the concentration of the black pepper essential oil is about 0.25%.

Terpenes are included in the Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) list of substances and have low irritation potential. Its mechanism of enhancing transdermal penetration involves increasing the solubility of the drug in skin lipids, disruption of lipid/protein organization, and/or extraction of skin micro-ingredients responsible for the maintenance of barrier status.

Terpenes are compounds that occur naturally in many essential oils, including those from black pepper. Terpenes can enhance the penetration of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. When black pepper essential oil is applied to the skin, it causes a warming sensation due to local expansion of microcirculation to the skin, which can promote transdermal absorption of active ingredients.

In one embodiment, an effective amount of a penetration enhancer may be added to the pain relief formulation to aid in penetration of the active ingredient. Suitably, penetration enhancers include, but are not limited to: oleic acid, 2N-nonyl-1, 3-dioxolanes, N-acetyl-proline esters (such as pentyl-and octyl-N-acetyl proline esters), alkyldisiloxanes (e.g., 1-alkyl-3-b-D-glucopyranosyl-1, 1,3, 3-tetramethyldisiloxane), transcarbam (such as 5- (dodecyloxycarbonyl) pentanamine-5- (dodecyloxycarbonyl) pentylcarbamate), iminothiolane (e.g., N-hexyl, N-benzoyl-S, S-dimethylimino-sulfanes), capsaicin derivatives (e.g., vanillylnonanamide), cinnamyl compounds (e.g., cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde, etc.), terpenes; penetration enhancers including fatty acids, terpenes, fatty alcohols, pyrrolidones, sulfoxides, laurocapram, surfactants, amides, amines, lecithins, polyols, quaternary ammonium compounds, silicones, alkanoates, and cardamom seeds have been discussed.

Preferably, the penetration enhancer comprises oleic acid (Louk, A et al, 1995, Journal of controlledRelease, Vol.37, p.3, 299-306).

Oleic acid may be derived from any of the following oils, including but not limited to: olive oil, grape seed oil, pecan oil, canola oil, peanut oil, macadamia nut oil, sunflower seed oil, sea buckthorn oil, sesame oil and poppy seed oil. Preferably, the oleic acid is derived from olive oil and/or grape seed oil.

In one embodiment, the formulation further comprises horse chestnut extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof. Suitably, the formulation comprises horse chestnut extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof at a concentration of 1%.

In one embodiment, the formulation further comprises an anti-inflammatory agent. Suitably, the at least one anti-inflammatory agent is selected from the following non-limiting examples: steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, herbal and health supplements, dietary anti-inflammatory agents, anti-inflammatory oils, and any other known source of anti-inflammatory agents.

The steroidal anti-inflammatory agents may include: such as, for example, amcinonide, betamethasone dipropionate, clobetasol, clocortolone, dexamethasone, diflunisal, dutasteride, flumethasone pivalate, flunisolide, fluocinonide acetate, fluorometholone, fluticasone propionate, fludroxolone acetonide, and hydrofluoromethine.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents may include: such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac, celecoxib, and meloxicam.

Anti-inflammatory herbs and health supplements may include: such as devil's claw (coprinus japonicus), hyssop, hop (hops (humulus opulus), glycyrrhiza glabra (glycyrrhiza glabra), galangal, ginger (ginger), turmeric (Curcuma longa), nutmeg, chickweed, lithospermaceae, ginseng, salvia, sage, rosemary, thyme, coriander, fenugreek, primrose, saffron, calendula, bilberry, elderberry, arnica (containing camomile lactone), rehmannia, willow bark (containing salicylic acid), and mucopolysaccharides (glucosamine, chondroitin, and MSM).

Dietary anti-inflammatory agents may include: such as pomegranate (pomegranate), green tea (camellia sinensis), ternate buttercup (uncaria rhynchophylla) and uncaria guianensis), mastic indica (boswellia serrata), flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, hesperidin, luteolin), green bonese mussel, acai berry (acia), olive leaf, sago sorghum, red yeast rice, cocoa, papaw/papaya (papain) and bromelain (pineapple).

Anti-inflammatory oils may include: for example, omega-3, 6,7 and 9 Coupled Linoleic Acid (CLA) can be obtained from a variety of sources.

Examples of other anti-inflammatory agents include: such as the triamino acid peptide phenylalanine-glutamine-glycine (PEG) and its D-isomer forms, cannabichromene (cannabinoid), honokiol, black seed extract or a component or derivative thereof (nigella sativa) and hyperforin (st. john's grass main component).

The pain relief formulation preferably has an oily consistency.

In some embodiments, the pain relief formulation has a semi-solid consistency of a mousse, gel, cream, or lotion for ease of storage and application.

In one embodiment, an effective amount of a thickening agent may be added to the formulation to achieve a desired product viscosity and consistency, such as for use as a cream, lotion, or ointment. Suitable thickeners include: polyacrylate polymers and copolymers between: polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polymethylmethacrylate, polyacrylamide and their cross-linked derivatives, cellulose derivatives (such as methylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and hydroxypropylcellulose), sorbitol (glucitol), naturally derived gums (such as xanthan gum, acacia gum, carob gum), alginate derivatives, pectin, carbomers, triethanolamine, glycerol and polysorbate.

The thickener is added in an amount suitable to obtain the desired thickening effect.

In addition, other ingredients such as, but not limited to, antioxidants, pH adjusters, flavors, preservatives, and colors may be included in the formulation.

In one embodiment, the pain relief formulation may be delivered using the following non-limiting examples: carbomer gels, creams, sprays, bath oils, massage oils, patches, nanoplatelets, nanopeslivery systems, compresses, medicated pastes, tapes, bandages, athletic bands, dosage delivery devices, sustained release devices, epidermal injections, subcutaneous injections, dropper tubes, garments, dressings, gauze, and/or intra-articular injections.

Production method

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of producing a topical formulation according to the first aspect, comprising the steps of micronizing capsaicin and then combining the micronized capsaicin with other ingredients to produce an external topical pain relief formulation.

In one embodiment, micronization of the dry ingredients is achieved by the following non-limiting examples: milling, mashing, macerating and/or grinding, mechanical impact mills (such as hammer mills and pin mills), fluid energy mills (such as screw jet mills, disk mills, ring jet mills or fluidized bed jet mills), RESS (rapid expansion of supercritical solution) process, SAS (supercritical antisolvent) process and PGSS (gas saturated solution microparticle process) process and nanoparticulate.

The micronized capsaicin can be combined with other ingredients in any order to form a pain relief formulation. Preferably, the micronized capsaicin is combined with the white kunzhi extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof, menthol, capsaicin, and hypericum perforatum extract or one or more components or derivatives thereof, prior to the addition of any optional ingredients.

Methods of treatment and use of topical formulations

The topical formulations of the invention have use in methods for treating pain in a subject, wherein the subject is known to suffer from pain and the topical formulation is employed to treat the pain.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of treating or preventing pain in a subject, the method comprising: topically administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a topical pain relief formulation disclosed herein and/or produced according to the methods disclosed herein to treat pain in the subject or prevent pain in the subject.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a topically administrable pain relief formulation disclosed herein and/or produced according to the methods disclosed herein for the therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of pain.

The terms "administering" or "administering" describe the introduction of a topical pain relief formulation to the skin of a subject.

The term "therapeutically effective amount" describes the amount of the formulation of the first aspect to achieve a desired effect in a subject treated with the formulation. For example, this may be the amount of the formulation required to reduce, alleviate and/or prevent pain in the subject. In some embodiments, a "therapeutically effective amount" is sufficient to reduce or eliminate pain. In other embodiments, a "therapeutically effective amount" is an amount sufficient to achieve a reduction or decrease in pain.

Suitably, a therapeutically effective amount of a pain relieving formulation is an amount sufficient to elicit the desired result without causing a substantial cytotoxic effect in the subject. The effective amount of the formulation of the first aspect or produced according to the method of the second aspect useful for eliminating, reducing, alleviating and/or preventing pain will depend on the subject being treated, the type and severity of any associated disease, disorder and/or condition, and the mode of administration of the pain relieving formulation.

"reduction" in reducing pain in a subject refers to a reduction or shortening of the length of time that the pain or subject experiences pain. Such relief need not be absolutely beneficial to the subject. "relief" of pain in a subject refers to a reduction in the severity or severity of the pain. Such relief need not be absolutely beneficial to the subject. Reduction and/or relief of pain in a subject can be determined using any method or criteria known to those skilled in the art, including qualitative and quantitative methods and criteria.

In some embodiments, the subject is experiencing pain.

In other embodiments, "prophylactic" treatment is administered to a subject who does not exhibit signs of pain or exhibits only early signs for the purpose of reducing the risk of developing pain.

In practicing the methods of the invention, the topical formulation can be applied to any local site of the subject. Target local sites include, but are not limited to: arms, legs, torso, head, etc. The surface area covered by the topical formulation after application must be sufficient to provide the desired amount of the formulation to relieve pain.

In one embodiment, the time that the topical pain relief formulation remains at the site of application is about 48 hours. In a further embodiment, the local pain relief formulation remains at the site of administration for a period of about 24 hours.

Suitably, the topical formulation remains at the site of application for a period of time of at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 50 minutes, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6,7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, 48, or 72 hours.

In one embodiment, a given dose of a local pain relieving formulation may be administered in a single administration or multiple administrations over a given period of time, e.g. as long as the subject feels pain, wherein in the case of administration on a dosing schedule over a given period of time, examples thereof include hourly, daily, weekly, bi-weekly or monthly dosing schedules.

In one embodiment, the topical formulation is applied to a site of pain in a subject, wherein the phrase "site of pain" is defined hereinafter to refer to the location of pain experienced by the subject.

In one embodiment, the site of pain may be present at multiple locations in the subject. The site of pain or the site of application where the topical formulation is applied will be sufficiently close to the pain experienced by the subject that, upon application of the formulation, the components of the formulation can readily reach the site of pain and actively act to treat such pain.

Suitably, the topical pain relief formulation is typically applied to the site of pain for a sufficient period of time to achieve the desired amount of pain relief.

If pain recurs after removal or without the use of a local pain relief formulation, the topical formulation may be reapplied. This process can be repeated as and when the subject needs to achieve pain relief.

In some embodiments, the patient may experience relief of pain immediately or shortly after administration. Suitably, the patient will experience at least some degree of pain relief about 1-60 seconds, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 minutes, or 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6,7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25 hours or days after administration of the topical formulation.

The amount of topical pain relief formulation applied is generally sufficient to cover the area of skin at the site of pain such that the subject experiences pain relief. For solutions, liquids, gels, lotions, creams, ointments, etc., the topical formulation may be applied to the site of pain and optionally a cover applied to the site. Such coverings may include, for example, patches, bandages, plasters and dressings. A suitably sized cover can be placed over the applied topical pain relief formulation. Conveniently, the topical formulation may be provided in a unit dose dispenser, such as a pump bottle, a spray, a dropper or a roll-on device, examples of which are well known in the art.

After application of the topical formulation, the ingredients of the formulation penetrate the skin surface and the subject experiences relief from pain. Suitably, the subject experiences at least a partial reduction in pain intensity. Preferably, the subject experiences nearly complete pain relief, and in some cases, complete cessation of pain may occur. Thus, topical formulation administration according to the methods of the invention results in treatment of a subject suffering from pain.

The topical formulations of the present invention can be used in a variety of subjects. The term "subject" is used in its broadest sense. In a preferred embodiment, the subject is a mammal. More preferably, the subject is a human. Non-limiting examples of mammals include humans, dogs, cats, horses, cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. Preferably, the subject includes any human or non-human mammal that can be used for pain relief treatment, including, for example, primates, cows, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, or rodents.

"treatment" refers to a subject experiencing at least an improvement in pain, wherein improvement is used broadly to refer to a reduction in the size of at least a parameter (e.g., pain rating) associated with the condition, disorder or disease being treated. Thus, treatment also includes situations where pain is completely suppressed, e.g., prevented from occurring or stopped, e.g., terminated, such that the host is no longer suffering from pain. The beneficial effects of the pain relieving formulation can be determined using any method or criteria known to those skilled in the art.

As described in the above embodiments, the local pain relief formulation of the present invention may be used to treat pain associated with a number of conditions by topically applying the formulation to the site of pain. In particular, the topical formulations can be used to treat pain, including, but not limited to, arthritis, neck pain, shoulder pain, back pain, surgical pain, pre-and post-surgical pain, and bone injury pain.

In some embodiments, the topical formulation may also be used to treat pain associated with: osteoarthritis, autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, gout, pseudogout, ankylosing spondylitis, juvenile arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, arthritis, and neuralgia associated with infections with scleroderma and fibromyalgia.

In other embodiments, the topical formulations can be used to treat muscle pain, pain associated with muscle tension, fatigue, spinal curvature, mild and severe disc compression, nerve compression, muscle strain or sprain, nerve tension, and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS). In addition, the topical formulations can be used to treat pain associated with traumatic injuries, hematomas, myositis, lumbar syndromes, spinal stenosis, joint pain, bone pain caused by metastatic cancer (e.g., breast or lung cancer), and bone fractures. Suitably, the topical formulation may also be used to treat muscle, bone and joint pain commonly associated with cancer. The formulations of the present invention are useful for treating pain associated with osteoporotic and traumatic fractures of the lumbar spine and other areas, including pelvic fractures. For joint pain, topical formulations may also be used to reduce overall joint stiffness and increase joint mobility.

In one embodiment, the topical formulation may also be used to treat pain associated with pre-and post-orthopedic procedures. For example, the formulations of the invention may be administered to treat such pain before or after arthroscopy (particularly in the shoulder or knee). In addition, the formulations of the present invention are useful in the treatment of pain associated with post-orthopedic recovery, such as tendon, muscle and bone repair, and joint replacement, including hip or knee replacement. For example, bone fractures require the use of plates, screws, or other attachment means to maintain the bones together. The placement of these devices requires surgery and the post-operative pain caused thereby can be treated with the topical formulations of the present invention.

In one embodiment, the topical formulation may be used to treat pain caused by intervertebral disc prolapse, musculoskeletal pain, dislocation, disc herniation, disc prolapse (including lumbar and cervical), disc rupture, neck sprain, fibromyositis, intercostal rib pain, muscle tear, tendonitis, bursitis, meniscal tear, tendon tear, and bony spur. Topical formulations may also be used to treat pain associated with muscle spasms.

The preparation can be used for treating pain caused by exercise-related injuries including, but not limited to, hematoma, bruise, sprain, muscle spasm, partial tendon laceration, tendonitis, bursitis, myositis, traumatic arthritis, and post-joint dislocation insertion.

The topical formulation may also be used in combination with other analgesics such as lidocaine, for topical or other injection.

In addition, the topical pain relief formulation may be used in combination with an oral analgesic or anti-inflammatory agent (e.g., NSAIDS) to relieve pain.

The topical formulations of the present invention can also be used in combination with a thermal treatment device, including, but not limited to, a heat pack such as a heating pad or a hot towel, to provide enhanced and/or additional pain relief.

In addition, the pain relief formulations of the present invention may be used in combination with morphine-like agents, such as codeine, opioids, oxy-cotctonin, paracetamol, dolantin, and vicidin.

The pain relief formulation of the present invention may also be used in combination with acupuncture. The topical formulations herein may provide enhanced and/or additional relief when used in conjunction with needle sticks.

Reagent kit

According to a fifth aspect, the present invention relates to a kit comprising a pain relieving formulation according to the first aspect or produced according to the method of the second aspect, an administration device and instructions for using the formulation to provide pain relief to a subject in need thereof.

The administration device may be any device that ensures proper and targeted delivery of the pain relieving formulation of the first aspect. Examples of suitable devices include an applicator, a tube, a roll-on device or a dropper connected to a single-dose or multi-dose container of the formulation.

Preferably, the applicator is a roll-on device.

The kit may also include instructions on how to use the formulation, where the instructions typically include information on how to administer the formulation, a dosing schedule, and the like. The instructions are typically recorded on a suitable recording medium. For example, the instructions may be printed on a substrate such as paper or plastic, etc. Thus, the instructions may be present in the kit as a package insert, in a label for the container of the kit or parts thereof (i.e., associated with a package or sub-package), and the like. In other embodiments, the instructions exist as an electronically stored data file.

Examples

The topical formulations of the present invention may be provided as oils, mousses, gels, creams, lotions, foams, liquids, aerosols, and the like.

The following examples and accompanying tables provide embodiments of the pain relieving formulations of the present invention, methods of making the same, and methods of administering to a subject.