阅读说明：本技术 一种离在体通用的脑肿瘤活检和边界确定装置 (Off-body universal brain tumor biopsy and boundary determining device ) 是由 王茜蒨 腾格尔 相里文婷 于 2020-03-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种离在体通用的脑肿瘤活检和边界确定装置,属于医疗领域,解决了快速进行术中肿瘤活检和胶质瘤边界确定的难题,为推广激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)技术落地服务于脑肿瘤检测提供了基础。该离在体通用的脑肿瘤活检和边界确定装置包括激光器准直和激发模块、载物台和夹持器模块、LIBS探针模块、光谱仪延迟收集模块和计算机处理分析模块共5个模块。所述LIBS探针模块可在载物台和夹持器模块上固定或取下,固定时为台式设备,可以实现离体组织的稳定诊断检测,取下时是手持式设备,可以实现在体胶质瘤浸润边界判定。该装置可以在临床术中完成对离体切除组织的病理检测和在体胶质瘤浸润边界的实施判定,不必变换操作区域,不必更换设备。(The invention relates to an off-body universal brain tumor biopsy and boundary determination device, belongs to the field of medical treatment, solves the problem of rapid intraoperative tumor biopsy and glioma boundary determination, and provides a basis for popularizing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology for landing service for brain tumor detection. The on-body universal brain tumor biopsy and boundary determination device comprises 5 modules including a laser alignment and excitation module, a stage and holder module, a LIBS probe module, a spectrometer delay collection module and a computer processing and analysis module. The LIBS probe module can be fixed or taken down on the objective table and the clamp module, when the LIBS probe module is fixed, the LIBS probe module is a table type device, stable diagnosis and detection of isolated tissues can be achieved, when the LIBS probe module is taken down, the LIBS probe module is a handheld type device, and judgment of an infiltration boundary of a body glioma can be achieved. The device can complete the pathological detection of excised tissues in vitro and the implementation judgment of the infiltration boundary of the glioma in vivo in clinical operation without changing an operation area and replacing equipment.)

1. An off-body universal brain tumor biopsy and boundary determination device, characterized by: the brain tumor biopsy and boundary determination apparatus includes:

1) the laser device comprises a laser device collimation and excitation module, a laser device excitation and collimation module and a laser device control module, wherein the laser device excitation and collimation module comprises a collimation laser device, an excitation laser device and an optical fiber coupler;

2) a stage and gripper module comprising a three-dimensional stage translation stage and a Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) probe-mount gripper;

3) the LIBS probe module comprises a probe handheld shell, a probe end laser control key, an excitation laser and collimation laser conducting optical fiber, a plasma light-emitting and collecting optical fiber, a display screen, a microprocessor, an optical filter and a focusing lens or an objective lens;

4) a spectrometer delayed collection module comprising a delayer and a spectrometer;

5) a computer processing and analysis module comprising a computer and associated data processing software.

2. An off-body-generic brain tumor biopsy and boundary determination device according to claim 1, wherein: the LIBS probe module can be fixed or taken down on an object stage and a clamp module, when the LIBS probe module is fixed, the LIBS probe module is a table type device, stable diagnosis and detection of isolated tissues can be achieved, when the LIBS probe module is taken down, a handheld type device is used, and judgment of an infiltration boundary of a glioma in vivo can be achieved. The probe end is provided with a laser control key to control the output or stop of the excited laser. After the plasma is excited, the spectrometer starts to collect and emit light under the control of the time delay device, the plasma light emits through the optical filter, laser and stray light are filtered out, and the plasma light enters the collection optical fiber and enters the spectrometer through the collection optical fiber.

3. An off-body-generic brain tumor biopsy and boundary determination device according to claim 1, wherein: the in-vitro working sequence among the modules is that laser is emitted from a laser collimation and excitation module, the laser is focused on the surface of a tissue on an objective table through a LIBS probe module to excite and generate plasma, the LIBS probe module collects plasma cooling luminescence signals, the plasma cooling luminescence signals are transmitted to a spectrometer delay collection module to be subjected to light splitting and photoelectric conversion processing, and then the signals are transmitted to a computer processing and analysis module to be analyzed and diagnosed; the in-vivo working sequence is that laser is emitted from a laser collimation and excitation module, the laser is focused on the surface of a body tissue through a LIBS probe module to be excited to generate plasma, the LIBS probe module collects plasma cooling luminous signals, the plasma cooling luminous signals are transmitted to a spectrometer delay collection module to be subjected to light splitting and photoelectric conversion processing, and then the plasma cooling luminous signals are transmitted to a LIBS probe module display screen and a microprocessor for analysis and diagnosis, or the results are transmitted back to the LIBS probe module display screen for display after the analysis and diagnosis of a computer processing analysis module.

4. An off-body-generic brain tumor biopsy and boundary determination device according to claim 1, wherein: in the laser collimation and excitation module, the light paths of a collimation laser and an excitation laser are coaxial, the emitted lasers are coaxial, the collimation laser adopts a low-power continuous laser, the excitation laser adopts a higher-energy pulse laser, and the lasers emitted by the collimation laser and the excitation laser coaxially pass through an optical fiber coupler, enter an optical fiber and are transmitted to the LIBS probe.

5. An off-body-generic brain tumor biopsy and boundary determination device according to claim 1, wherein: the three-dimensional object carrying translation table in the object carrying table and the clamp module is used for carrying a tumor to be biopsied, two shafts of the middle plane are used for adjusting the local biopsy position of the tumor, and the vertical longitudinal shaft is used for adjusting the focusing distance from the probe to the tissue to be detected. The LIBS probe fixing clamp is used for fixing the probe above the objective table, so that stable detection of the in-vitro table type equipment is realized.

6. An off-body-generic brain tumor biopsy and boundary determination device according to claim 1, wherein: in the spectrometer delay collection module, a time delay device controls a spectrometer to perform plasma cooling luminescence collection, the spectrometer collects optical signals transmitted by a probe collection optical fiber, performs light splitting treatment, and is provided with a built-in CCD camera and the like to convert the optical signals into electric signals which are transmitted to a computer processing and analyzing module.

7. An off-body-generic brain tumor biopsy and boundary determination device according to claim 1, wherein: the computer processing and analyzing module comprises a computer and related data processing software, processes the obtained spectrum signals, and simultaneously displays the processing and diagnosing results on a computer screen. Under the application condition of volume probe type operation, the diagnosis glioma infiltration boundary is judged, a program processing model can be integrated on a probe end display screen and a microprocessor for direct processing, and can also be processed by the module and then transmitted back to the probe end display screen, so that the intraoperative in-vivo application is facilitated, and a doctor can observe conveniently in real time.

Technical Field

The invention relates to an off-body universal brain tumor biopsy and boundary determining device, and belongs to the field of medical treatment.

Background

The incidence of the malignant tumor is increased year by year at present, according to the national cancer report of China family, China cancer big data authority report, troubled by cancer published by the China national cancer center for 2019, the ratio of the malignant tumor accounts for 26% of the main causes of death of Chinese urban residents. The average relative survival rate of 5 years is only 40.5 percent and is far lower than the level of developed countries. The primary treatment for malignant tumors is still surgical resection. The postoperative survival time and quality of life of the patient are affected by the surgical resection. Because the preoperative imaging diagnosis can not be highly consistent with the intraoperative condition, pathological biopsy needs to be performed in the operation, a frozen section biopsy mode is usually adopted, although the speed of the mode is faster than that of the traditional pathological detection, the time is still 10 to 30 minutes, and the freezing causes the liquid in cells and among cells to form pricks, damages partial tissue morphological structures, influences judgment of doctors and has low pathological biopsy diagnosis accuracy. An auxiliary technical means capable of carrying out pathological diagnosis in real time and rapidly is urgently needed in clinical application occasions, and auxiliary opinions are provided for pathologists.

Meanwhile, in brain tumors, glioma with a high proportion has invasiveness, infiltrates from a primary tumor area to peripheral healthy tissues, and is very difficult to distinguish through physician observation in the operation, and the infiltration area is similar to the shape of the healthy tissues. Existing neurosurgical techniques for identifying glioma boundaries suffer from several drawbacks. For example, in-operation fluorescence development, a more expensive fluorescence microscope is required for support, the first-time use effect of fluorescence is better, the subsequent effect is reduced along with the prolongation of operation time, and the side effect influence on a human body cannot be completely eliminated by a fluorescence developer; in the intraoperative color ultrasound imaging, only the outline of the tumor is displayed, and a certain difference exists between the outline and the real situation; the nuclear magnetic imaging in the operation needs expensive MRI in the operation and integrated operating room support, is difficult to popularize nationwide in a short time, and meanwhile, the imaging foundation is mainly tissue density and cannot completely reflect the real situation. A method for real-time intraoperatively judging the infiltration boundary of glioma in vivo is urgently needed.

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a novel material element detection technology, and is widely researched and applied in the fields of explosive detection, clinical medicine sample detection, cultural heritage identification, alloy processing, space exploration, agriculture, food analysis and the like at present. The laser is focused on the surface of a substance to be detected, plasma is generated by excitation, and discrimination analysis or classification and identification can be carried out on the substance by detecting discrete luminescence spectrum generated in the cooling process of the plasma. The obtained LIBS spectra may be slightly different for different substances with very high similarity of elemental composition. However, with the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms in recent years, the LIBS combines the machine learning algorithm to provide a new method for the identification and classification of high-similarity substances. Therefore, tissue differentiation is performed by the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology, and different tumor biopsies can be performed, and the tumor infiltration boundary can be detected in the operation.

Therefore, there is a need to develop an integrated device capable of performing clinical biopsy and intraoperative real-time glioma boundary determination rapidly and accurately based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems that pathological tumor biopsy and intra-operative tumor boundary determination are difficult to rapidly and accurately carry out in clinical tumor surgical resection application, and different instruments and equipment are required to work in different spaces for pathological detection and boundary determination, and provides an off-body universal brain tumor biopsy and boundary determination device. The device is suitable for brain tumor biopsy and boundary judgment by a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology, can be used for carrying out three-dimensional resection tissue pathological biopsy by table type work, can be used for carrying out probe type work, and solves the practical application problem of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy identification and detection.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an off-body-universal brain tumor biopsy and boundary determination apparatus, comprising:

1. a laser excitation and collimation module.

The laser excitation and collimation module comprises a collimation laser, an excitation laser and a fiber coupler. The collimation laser and the excitation laser are coaxial in optical path, the emitted laser is coaxial, the collimation laser adopts a low-power continuous laser, the excitation laser adopts a higher-energy pulse laser, and the laser emitted by the collimation laser and the excitation laser coaxially pass through the optical fiber coupler to enter the optical fiber and is transmitted to the LIBS probe.

2. An object table and a gripper module.

The stage and holder module comprises a three-dimensional stage translation stage and a LIBS probe-mount holder. The module is used for biopsy in an operation of an in vitro tumor, the three-dimensional object carrying translation table is used for bearing a tumor to be biopsied, two shafts of a middle plane are used for adjusting the local biopsy position of the tumor, and the vertical longitudinal shaft is used for adjusting the focusing distance from the probe to the tissue to be detected. The LIBS probe fixing clamp is used for fixing the probe above the objective table, so that stable detection of the in-vitro table type equipment is realized.

A LIBS probe module.

The LIBS probe module comprises a probe handheld shell, a probe end laser control key, an excitation laser and collimation laser conducting optical fiber, a plasma light-emitting and collecting optical fiber, a display screen, a microprocessor, an optical filter and a focusing lens or an objective lens. The module is used for inducing breakdown plasma to emit light, collecting the plasma light, can be fixed on a LIBS probe fixing clamp holder, realizes in-vitro tumor biopsy of a table type device, can be taken down to be operated by a doctor handheld by the doctor, and synchronously detects and determines the brain glioma infiltration boundary along with tumor resection in vivo. After the collimated laser enters the probe through the optical fiber, the collimated laser is focused on the surface of the tissue to be detected through the conducting optical fiber and the focusing lens, so that an operator is helped to find the focusing focal distance. During detection, an operator controls and excites the laser to output or stop through the laser control key at the probe end. After the plasma is excited, the spectrometer starts to collect and emit light under the control of the time delay device, the plasma light emits through the optical filter, laser and stray light are filtered out, and the plasma light enters the collection optical fiber and enters the spectrometer through the collection optical fiber.

4. A spectrometer delay collection module.

The spectrometer delay collection module comprises a delayer and a spectrometer, the delayer controls the spectrometer to perform plasma cooling luminescence collection, the spectrometer collects optical signals transmitted by the probe collection optical fiber, performs light splitting treatment, converts the optical signals into electric signals through a built-in photoelectric conversion device such as a CCD camera and the like, and transmits the electric signals to the computer processing and analysis module.

5. And the computer processes the analysis module.

The computer processing and analyzing module comprises a computer and related data processing software, processes the obtained spectrum signals, and simultaneously displays the processing and diagnosing results on a computer screen. Under the condition of probe type operation, the glioma infiltration boundary is diagnosed to be judged, and a program processing model can be integrated on a probe end display screen and a microprocessor, so that the glioma infiltration boundary detection device is convenient for in-vivo application in operation and is convenient for doctors to observe in real time.

Advantageous effects

The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology is one of analysis methods with potential in tissue identification and detection at present, and can achieve better diagnosis and identification effects on spectral data without significant difference by combining a machine learning algorithm. However, in the clinical practical application occasions, no mature application equipment exists. In addition, the existing diagnosis technology needs long time, the biopsy and the operating room are not in the same position, and the judgment of the glioma infiltration boundary is difficult. The brain tumor biopsy and boundary determination device which is in vitro and universal provided by the invention can ensure that the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology can be applied to a clinical operation environment on the ground, realizes the integration of biopsy diagnosis and an intra-operation boundary determination device, greatly shortens the time required by biopsy, and also improves the convenience of glioma boundary determination. The operation area does not need to be changed, the equipment does not need to be replaced, the manpower and material resources are saved, the difficult problems of tumor biopsy and glioma boundary determination in the operation are solved, and the foundation is provided for popularizing the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology for landing service of brain tumor detection.

Drawings

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts throughout.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an off-body universal brain tumor biopsy and boundary determination apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a LIBS probe module according to one embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

To better illustrate the objects and advantages of the present invention, the following description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. While the following describes a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is to be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein, which are provided for the purpose of making the present invention more thorough and complete, and which will fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.