阅读说明：本技术 一种地震数据的时变带通滤波方法及装置 (Time-varying band-pass filtering method and device for seismic data ) 是由 *** 吴俊军 余刚 刘博� 于 2020-06-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种地震数据的时变带通滤波方法及装置,所述方法包括以下步骤：S1.输入多道地震数据；时变带通滤波是对地震数据的中深层开时窗进行的,在时窗上边界附近选取一套连续的层位,对于每道地震数据沿层拾取对应的层位时间；S2.确定步骤S1得到层位时间中的最大值,然后确定层拉平时间,计算层拉平时移量,对输入的地震数据沿层时移拉平；S3.对时移拉平后的数据做多道数据分段时变带通滤波；S4.利用层位时间、拉平时间,计算层反拉平时移量,对时变带通滤波后的数据做层反拉平。本发明采用沿层拾取、层拉平、多道数据分段时变带通滤波、层反拉平的方式,能快速处理多道数据、可变分段的时变带通滤波,便于地震资料后续处理。(The invention discloses a time-varying band-pass filtering method and a time-varying band-pass filtering device for seismic data, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1, inputting a plurality of channels of seismic data; time-varying band-pass filtering is carried out on a middle-deep layer time window of the seismic data, a set of continuous layers are selected near the upper boundary of the time window, and corresponding layer time is picked up along the layers for each channel of seismic data; s2, determining the maximum value in the horizon time obtained in the step S1, then determining the horizon leveling time, calculating the horizon leveling time shift, and leveling the input seismic data along the horizon time shift; s3, performing multi-channel data segmentation time-varying band-pass filtering on the time-shifted and leveled data; and S4, calculating a layer reverse leveling time shift by using the layer time and the leveling time, and performing layer reverse leveling on the time-varying band-pass filtered data. The invention adopts the modes of along-layer pickup, layer leveling, multi-channel data segmented time-varying band-pass filtering and layer reverse leveling, can rapidly process multi-channel data and variable segmented time-varying band-pass filtering, and is convenient for the subsequent processing of seismic data.)

1. A method of time-varying band-pass filtering of seismic data, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:

S1.inputting N channels of seismic data; time-varying band-pass filtering is carried out on a middle-deep layer time window of the seismic data, a set of continuous layers is selected near the upper boundary of the time window, corresponding layer time is picked up along the layers for each channel of seismic data, and finally, a layer time set of N channels of input seismic data is obtained

Wherein, T_i ^layerIs the horizon time of the ith trace of data, i 1,2, 3.

S2, determining step S1 to obtain the maximum value in the horizon time, and then determining the horizon leveling time T_lpCalculating the horizon leveling time shift amount, and leveling the input seismic data along the horizon time shift;

s3, making a time window for the data after the time shift is leveledThe multi-channel data is subjected to segmented time-varying band-pass filtering;

s4, utilizing horizon timeLeveling time T_lpAnd calculating the level shift amount of the layer reverse leveling, and performing the layer reverse leveling on the time-varying band-pass filtered data.

2. A method of time-varying band-pass filtering of seismic data according to claim 1, wherein: the step S2 includes the following sub-steps:

s201, determining time horizon

S202, determining leveling time T_lp，T_lp≥T_max；

S203, determining the maximum time of each seismic data

S204, zero padding is carried out after the maximum time of each seismic data channel

S205, calculating the level-pulling horizontal shift quantity of each channel of data:

{T_i ^Shift＝T_lp-T_i ^layer}，i＝1,2,3,...,N；

wherein, T_i ^ShiftIs the layer leveling displacement of the ith track of data;

and S206, for each path of seismic data, time shifting the seismic data obtained in the step S204 by using the time shifting quantity obtained in the step S205.

3. A method of time-varying band-pass filtering of seismic data according to claim 1, wherein: the step S3 includes the following sub-steps:

s301, performing Fourier transform on each seismic data after the time shift is leveled, and calculating a corresponding amplitude spectrum A and a corresponding phase spectrum phi;

s302, determining segmented time-varying band-pass filtering amplitude spectrum A of each data after time shifting leveling^tComprises the following steps:

wherein f is_lIs the low cut-off frequency, f_hIs the high frequency cut-off frequency, t is time, f is frequency,

S303, for each channel of data, utilizing an amplitude spectrum A^tAnd performing inverse Fourier transform on the corresponding phase spectrum phi.

4. A method of time-varying band-pass filtering of seismic data according to claim 1, wherein: the step S4 includes the following sub-steps:

s401, for each channel of time-varying band-pass filtered data, calculating a corresponding layer reverse-pulling level shift quantity:

{T_i ^InvShift＝T_i ^layer-T_lp}；i＝1,2,3,...,N；

wherein, T_i ^InvShiftIs the level shift of the ith track data;

s402, for each channel of time-varying band-pass filtered data, seismic data subjected to time-varying band-pass filtering are subjected to time-varying by utilizing layer reverse-pulling horizontal displacement.

5. A time-varying bandpass filtering apparatus for seismic data, using the method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

the data input unit is used for inputting multi-channel seismic data;

the horizon time picking unit is used for selecting a set of continuous horizons near the upper boundary of the time window, picking corresponding horizon time for each seismic data along the horizon, and finally obtaining a horizon time set of N input seismic data;

the time shifting leveling unit is used for determining the maximum value in the horizon time and the horizon leveling time, calculating the horizon leveling time shift and leveling the input seismic data along the horizon time;

the time-varying band-pass filtering unit is used for performing multi-channel data segmentation time-varying band-pass filtering on the time-varying leveled data;

and the layer reverse leveling unit is used for calculating the layer reverse leveling time shift according to the layer time and the leveling time and performing layer reverse leveling on the time-varying band-pass filtered data.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a seismic data processing method for geophysical exploration, belongs to the technical field of seismic processing, and particularly relates to a time-varying band-pass filtering method and device for seismic data.

Background

The main frequency of the seismic data reflection wave becomes lower along with the increase of travel time, the bandwidth becomes narrower along with the increase of travel time, namely, the frequency is time-varying. Therefore, time-varying bandpass filtering is often used in seismic data processing. In general, time-varying bandpass filtering is performed in segments, with distinct seams occurring at the transition between segments; multi-data and multi-segment time-varying band-pass are not easy to realize.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a time-varying band-pass filtering method and a time-varying band-pass filtering device for seismic data.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method of time-varying band-pass filtering of seismic data, comprising the steps of:

s1, inputting N channels of seismic data; time-varying band-pass filtering is carried out on a middle-deep layer time window of the seismic data, a set of continuous layers is selected near the upper boundary of the time window, corresponding layer time is picked up along the layers for each channel of seismic data, and finally, a layer time set of N channels of input seismic data is obtained

Wherein, T_i ^layerIs the horizon time of the ith trace of data, i 1,2, 3.

S2, determining step S1 to obtain the maximum value in the horizon time, and then determining the horizon leveling time T_lpCalculating the horizon leveling time shift amount, and leveling the input seismic data along the horizon time shift;

s3, making a time window for the data after the time shift is leveledThe multi-channel data is subjected to segmented time-varying band-pass filtering;

s4, utilizing horizon time

Leveling time T_lpAnd calculating the level shift amount of the layer reverse leveling, and performing the layer reverse leveling on the time-varying band-pass filtered data.

Further, the step S2 includes the following sub-steps:

s201, determining time horizon

Maximum value of (T)_max；

S202, determining leveling time T_lp，T_lp≥T_max；

S203, determining the maximum time of each seismic data

S204, zero padding is carried out after the maximum time of each seismic data channel

S205, calculating the level-pulling horizontal shift quantity of each channel of data:

wherein, T_i ^ShiftIs the layer leveling displacement of the ith track of data;

and S206, for each path of seismic data, time shifting the seismic data obtained in the step S204 by using the time shifting quantity obtained in the step S205.

Further, the step S3 includes the following sub-steps:

s301, performing Fourier transform on each seismic data after the time shift is leveled, and calculating a corresponding amplitude spectrum A and a corresponding phase spectrum phi;

s302, determining segmented time-varying band-pass filtering amplitude spectrum A of each data after time shifting leveling^tComprises the following steps:

wherein f is_lIs the low cut-off frequency, f_hIs the high frequency cut-off frequency, t is time, f is frequency,

is the time-varying bandpass filtered amplitude spectrum of the ith trace of data.

S303, for each channel of data, utilizing an amplitude spectrum A^tAnd performing inverse Fourier transform on the corresponding phase spectrum phi.

Further, the step S4 includes the following sub-steps:

s401, for each channel of time-varying band-pass filtered data, calculating a corresponding layer reverse-pulling level shift quantity:

{T_i ^InvShift＝T_i ^layer-T_lp}；i＝1,2,3,...,N；

wherein, T_i ^InvShiftIs the level shift of the ith track data;

s402, for each channel of time-varying band-pass filtered data, seismic data subjected to time-varying band-pass filtering are subjected to time-varying by utilizing layer reverse-pulling horizontal displacement.

A time-varying bandpass filtering apparatus for seismic data, comprising:

the data input unit is used for inputting multi-channel seismic data;

the horizon time picking unit is used for selecting a set of continuous horizons near the upper boundary of the time window, picking corresponding horizon time for each seismic data along the horizon, and finally obtaining a horizon time set of N input seismic data;

the time shifting leveling unit is used for determining the maximum value in the horizon time and the horizon leveling time, calculating the horizon leveling time shift and leveling the input seismic data along the horizon time;

the time-varying band-pass filtering unit is used for performing multi-channel data segmentation time-varying band-pass filtering on the time-varying leveled data;

and the layer reverse leveling unit is used for calculating the layer reverse leveling time shift according to the layer time and the leveling time and performing layer reverse leveling on the time-varying band-pass filtered data.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the modes of along-layer pickup, layer leveling, multi-channel data segmented time-varying band-pass filtering and layer reverse leveling, can rapidly process multi-channel data and variable segmented time-varying band-pass filtering, and is convenient for the subsequent processing of seismic data.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of input seismic data in an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of picking up time horizons along a layer in the embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of stratigraphic leveling seismic data in an example embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of horizon seismic data with time-varying bandpass filtering in an embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of example zonal flattening seismic data;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.

As shown in fig. 1, a method of time-varying bandpass filtering of seismic data, comprising the steps of:

s1, inputting N channels of seismic data; time-varying band-pass filtering is carried out on a middle-deep layer time window of the seismic data, a set of continuous layers is selected near the upper boundary of the time window, corresponding layer time is picked up along the layers for each channel of seismic data, and finally, a layer time set of N channels of input seismic data is obtained

Wherein, T_i ^layerIs the horizon time of the ith trace of data, i 1,2, 3.

In an embodiment of the present application, the input seismic data is shown in FIG. 2, where the abscissa is the data number; the ordinate is time (unit: ms); after the processing of step S1, picking horizon time along the horizon, as shown in fig. 3, the abscissa is the data number; the ordinate is time (unit: ms).

S2, determining step S1 to obtain the maximum value in the horizon time, and then determining the horizon leveling time T_lpCalculating the horizon leveling displacement, leveling the input seismic data along the horizon time shift:

s201, determining time horizon

Maximum value of (T)_max；

S202, determining leveling time T_lp，T_lp≥T_max；

S203, determining the maximum time of each seismic data

Each input seismic data has a length, such as 6 seconds, 8 seconds and the like, wherein the maximum time of the seismic data can be understood as the maximum length of the seismic data;

s204, zero padding is carried out after the maximum time of each seismic data channel

S205, calculating the level-pulling horizontal shift quantity of each channel of data:

{T_i ^Shift＝T_lp-T_i ^layer}，i＝1,2,3,...,N；

wherein, T_i ^ShiftIs the layer leveling displacement of the ith track of data;

and S206, for each path of seismic data, time shifting the seismic data obtained in the step S204 by using the time shifting quantity obtained in the step S205.

In the embodiment of the present application, the horizon leveling seismic data is obtained through the processing of step S2, and as shown in fig. 4, the abscissa is the data number; the ordinate is time (unit: ms);

s3, making a time window for the data after the time shift is leveled

The multi-channel data segmented time-varying band-pass filtering:

s301, performing Fourier transform on each seismic data after the time shift is leveled, and calculating a corresponding amplitude spectrum A and a corresponding phase spectrum phi;

s302, determining segmented time-varying band-pass filtering amplitude spectrum A of each data after time shifting leveling^tComprises the following steps:

wherein f is_lIs the low cut-off frequency, f_hIs the high frequency cut-off frequency, t is time, f is frequency,

is the time-varying bandpass filtered amplitude spectrum of the ith trace of data.

S303, for each channel of data, utilizing an amplitude spectrum A^tAnd performing inverse Fourier transform on the corresponding phase spectrum phi.

In an embodiment of the present application, the layer flattening data obtained by time-varying bandpass filtering is shown in fig. 5, in which the abscissa is the data number; the ordinate is time (unit: ms).

S4, utilizing horizon time

Leveling time T_lpAnd calculating the level shift amount of the layer reverse leveling, and performing the layer reverse leveling on the time-varying band-pass filtered data.

S401, for each channel of time-varying band-pass filtered data, calculating a corresponding layer reverse-pulling level shift quantity:

{T_i ^InvShift＝T_i ^layer-T_lp}；i＝1,2,3,...,N；

wherein, T_i ^InvShiftIs the level shift of the ith track data;

s402, for each channel of time-varying band-pass filtered data, seismic data subjected to time-varying band-pass filtering are subjected to time-varying by utilizing layer reverse-pulling horizontal displacement.

In the example of the present application, the seismic data obtained by the layer flattening is shown in fig. 6, in which the abscissa is the data number; the ordinate is time (unit: ms).

As shown in fig. 7, a time-varying bandpass filtering apparatus for seismic data, comprises:

the data input unit is used for inputting multi-channel seismic data;

the horizon time picking unit is used for selecting a set of continuous horizons near the upper boundary of the time window, picking corresponding horizon time for each seismic data along the horizon, and finally obtaining a horizon time set of N input seismic data;

the time shifting leveling unit is used for determining the maximum value in the horizon time and the horizon leveling time, calculating the horizon leveling time shift and leveling the input seismic data along the horizon time;

the time-varying band-pass filtering unit is used for performing multi-channel data segmentation time-varying band-pass filtering on the time-varying leveled data;

and the layer reverse leveling unit is used for calculating the layer reverse leveling time shift according to the layer time and the leveling time and performing layer reverse leveling on the time-varying band-pass filtered data.

In conclusion, according to the characteristics of the frequency distribution of the seismic data, the time-varying band-pass filtering of multi-data and variable segments is realized by adopting the modes of along-layer pickup, layer leveling, multi-channel data segmentation time-varying band-pass filtering and layer reverse leveling, and the subsequent processing of the seismic data is facilitated.

It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative only and not restrictive of the broad invention, and that various other modifications and changes in light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art based upon the above teachings. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.