阅读说明：本技术 一种建筑垃圾分离装置 (Building rubbish separator ) 是由 陈玉兰 于 2020-06-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及建筑垃圾处理的技术领域,具体为一种建筑垃圾分离装置,包括机架,机架上设有处理室,处理室顶部设有进料斗和第一电机,进料斗内安装有一对破碎辊,第一电机同轴连接有转动轴,转动轴沿轴向和周向均连接有搅拌片,处理室上部侧壁连通有第一分离框,第一分离框外侧设有风机,第一分离框包括容纳垃圾的凹进以及垃圾流通的通道,风机与通道相对设置；处理室中部侧壁连通有倾斜设置的第二分离框,第二分离框内设有滤网；处理室下部内侧壁设有磁块,处理室下部连通有二级分离装置。第一分离框内便于分离塑料袋和带有铁钉的木头,第二分离框便于分离泥土和塑料,二级分离装置便于分离玻璃和石头。(The invention relates to the technical field of building garbage treatment, in particular to a building garbage separating device which comprises a rack, wherein a treatment chamber is arranged on the rack, a feed hopper and a first motor are arranged at the top of the treatment chamber, a pair of crushing rollers are arranged in the feed hopper, the first motor is coaxially connected with a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is connected with stirring blades along the axial direction and the circumferential direction, the side wall of the upper part of the treatment chamber is communicated with a first separating frame, a fan is arranged on the outer side of the first separating frame, the first separating frame comprises a concave groove for accommodating garbage and a passage for garbage circulation, and the fan and the passage are arranged oppositely; the side wall of the middle part of the treatment chamber is communicated with a second separation frame which is obliquely arranged, and a filter screen is arranged in the second separation frame; the inner side wall of the lower part of the treatment chamber is provided with a magnetic block, and the lower part of the treatment chamber is communicated with a secondary separation device. The first separation frame is convenient for separate plastic bag and the wood that has the iron nail, and the second separation frame is convenient for separate earth and plastics, and second grade separator is convenient for separate glass and stone.)

1. The utility model provides a building rubbish separator which characterized in that: the machine comprises a rack, wherein a treatment chamber containing water is arranged on the rack, a feed hopper and a first motor are arranged at the top of the treatment chamber, a pair of crushing rollers are arranged in the feed hopper, the first motor is coaxially connected with a rotating shaft extending towards the inner side of the treatment chamber, the rotating shaft is connected with stirring blades along the axial direction and the circumferential direction, the side wall of the upper part of the treatment chamber is communicated with a first separation frame for separating a plastic bag and wood with iron nails, a fan is arranged on the outer side of the first separation frame, the first separation frame comprises a concave groove for containing garbage and a passage for garbage circulation, and the fan and the passage are arranged oppositely; the side wall of the middle part of the treatment chamber is communicated with a second separation frame which is obliquely arranged and used for separating plastics and soil, and a filter screen is arranged in the second separation frame; the inner side wall of the lower part of the treatment chamber is provided with a magnetic block, and the lower part of the treatment chamber is communicated with a secondary separation device for separating stones and glass.

2. The construction waste separating device of claim 1, wherein: the two-stage separation device comprises a drying zone, a rubbing mechanism and a detection zone, a discharge port of the drying zone is connected with a conveying pipeline, the bottom surface of the conveying pipeline is connected with a bottom plate door in a sliding manner, the rubbing mechanism comprises two rubbing rollers which are oppositely arranged and used for rubbing stones or glass into small particles, and a clamping mechanism used for intermittently clamping stone particles or glass particles is arranged above the bottom plate door; the conveying pipeline in the detection area can supply the light to pass through, one side of detection area is equipped with the light source transmitter, the opposite side of detection area is equipped with the light source receiver corresponding with the light source transmitter, the light source receiver is connected with the controller, the slip of controller control bottom plate door.

3. The construction waste separating device of claim 2, wherein: the clamping mechanism comprises a rotating disc, a claw hook and a second motor; the ratchet wheel clamping device is characterized in that a plurality of shifting plates are fixedly connected to the rotating disc along the circumferential direction, a notch for the shifting plates to pass through is formed in the conveying pipeline, the rotating disc is coaxially connected with a ratchet wheel, the claw hook is used for clamping the ratchet wheel, a spring is connected between the claw hook and the rack, and the second motor is connected with a cam intermittently abutted against the claw hook.

4. The construction waste separating device of claim 2, wherein: the drying area comprises a heating pipe, and a heating wire and a power supply for heating the heating wire are arranged in the heating pipe.

5. The construction waste separating device of claim 2, wherein: the bottom plate door downside is equipped with the stone collecting vessel that is used for collecting the stone granule, pipeline end is equipped with the glass collecting vessel that is used for collecting the glass granule.

6. The construction waste separating device of claim 1, wherein: the rack is also provided with a water tank which is communicated with a water pipe, and the tail end of the water pipe is positioned in the treatment chamber.

7. The construction waste separating device of claim 1, wherein: the bottom end of the first separation frame is hinged with a rotating plate for opening the first separation frame, and the bottom end of the second separation frame is hinged with a rotating plate for opening the second separation frame.

8. The construction waste separating device of claim 1, wherein: an opening is formed in the side wall of one end, away from the fan, of the first separation frame, and a shielding plate is hinged to the opening.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of construction waste treatment, in particular to a construction waste separating device.

Background

The construction waste refers to residue, waste, sludge and other wastes generated in the process of constructing, laying, dismantling and repairing various buildings, structures, pipe networks and the like by construction, construction units or individuals, and can be classified according to composition components, and the construction waste can be divided into residue, concrete blocks, stones, plastic bags, wood, glass, gravels, metal scraps, organic matters and the like. Because the components in the construction waste are mixed to a high degree and are difficult to distinguish, the construction waste is often directly conveyed to a waste disposal site, but in practice, many materials in the construction waste can be recycled to form a regenerated product, but the recycling is premised on effective classification.

Especially wood and glass have high recycling value, but the glass and the wood are difficult to be separated from the construction waste directly through a machine, the existing separation mode mainly depends on manual sorting, some important construction waste is selected, but the manual sorting method is low in efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a building rubbish separating device, which solves the technical problem that manual sorting efficiency is low in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a building garbage separating device comprises a rack, wherein a treatment chamber filled with water is arranged on the rack, a feed hopper and a first motor are arranged at the top of the treatment chamber, a pair of crushing rollers are installed in the feed hopper, the first motor is coaxially connected with a rotating shaft extending towards the inner side of the treatment chamber, the rotating shaft is axially and circumferentially connected with stirring blades, a first separating frame for separating plastic bags and wood with iron nails is communicated with the side wall of the upper part of the treatment chamber, a fan is arranged on the outer side of the first separating frame, the first separating frame comprises a concave groove for accommodating garbage and a passage for garbage circulation, and the fan is arranged opposite to the passage; the side wall of the middle part of the treatment chamber is communicated with a second separation frame which is obliquely arranged and used for separating plastics and soil, and a filter screen is arranged in the second separation frame; the inner side wall of the lower part of the treatment chamber is provided with a magnetic block, and the lower part of the treatment chamber is communicated with a secondary separation device for separating stones and glass.

The principle of the invention is as follows: building garbage is added into the treatment chamber through a feed hopper, and representative garbage in the building garbage is plastic bags, wood with iron nails, metal, plastic, soil, glass, stones and the like. The construction waste is firstly crushed into smaller particles by the crushing roller and the crushing force and the grinding and shearing force generated by the relative rotation of the pair of crushing rollers, the particles enter a treatment chamber filled with water, firstly, the particles are layered due to different densities, and plastic bags and wood with iron nails float on the water surface; plastic and soil are suspended in the water surface; metal, glass and stone sink to the bottom of the water. At the moment, the first motor is started, the first motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate at a high speed, the stirring sheet rotates along with the rotating shaft and stirs the water body, and due to the fact that the centrifugal force of various kinds of garbage is far greater than the self gravity, plastic bags and wood with iron nails are sequentially thrown to the periphery into the first separation frame under the action of the centrifugal force; plastic and soil are thrown to the periphery of the second separation frame in sequence; the metal is thrown to the periphery and is absorbed by the magnetic block, and the remaining glass and stones flow through the secondary separation device.

And after the garbage is classified to the first separation frame, the second separation frame and the second-stage separation device, stopping the high-speed rotation of the first motor. The first separating frame is used for separating the plastic bags from the wood blocks with the iron nails, and because the wood with the iron nails absorbs water, the weight of the wood with the iron nails is increased after the water is absorbed, the wood with the iron nails is more sunken in the lower layer than the plastic bags, the plastic bags float on the water layer, and at the moment, the fan is started to blow away the plastic bags floating on the water layer, so that the plastic bags can be separated from the wood blocks with the iron nails; the second separation frame is used for separating plastic and soil, the soil has a smaller diameter than the plastic, the soil and the plastic can be separated only through the filter screen, the plastic which does not pass through the filter screen is the plastic, and the water with the soil passes through the filter screen is the water; the metal is absorbed by the magnetic block, and the remaining glass and stone are separated by the secondary separation device.

The separation of representative garbage is completed, and the smaller garbage particles can be recycled after the water in each region after the separation is completed is filtered.

Further preferably, the secondary separation device comprises a drying zone, a rubbing mechanism and a detection zone, a discharge port of the drying zone is connected with a conveying pipeline, the bottom surface of the conveying pipeline is connected with a bottom plate door in a sliding manner, the rubbing mechanism comprises two rubbing rollers which are oppositely arranged and used for rubbing stones or glass into small particles, and a clamping mechanism used for intermittently clamping stone particles or glass particles is arranged above the bottom plate door; the conveying pipeline in the detection area can supply the light to pass through, one side of detection area is equipped with the light source transmitter, the opposite side of detection area is equipped with the light source receiver corresponding with the light source transmitter, the light source receiver is connected with the controller, the slip of controller control bottom plate door. The drying area firstly heats a mixture of glass and stones with moisture, so that the moisture is drained away, then the glass and the stones are transported through a discharge port, when the mixture is transported to a grinding and rubbing mechanism, the stones and the glass are ground into stone particles and glass particles by two grinding and rubbing rollers, the stone particles and the glass particles continue to move forwards, when the mixture is transported to a position opposite to a clamping mechanism, the clamping mechanism clamps one glass particle or stone particle, light emitted by a light source emitter passes through the glass particles or the stone particles and is received by a light source receiver, and because the glass has high light transmittance, the light source receiver can receive a strong light signal, at the moment, a controller enables a bottom plate door to be closed, and the glass particles continue to be transported forwards; because the pebble has poor light transmission, the light source receiver can only receive weak light signals, and the controller enables the bottom plate door to slide at the moment, so that the pebble particles can be separated from the bottom plate door, and the separation of the pebble particles and the glass particles is completed.

Further preferably, the clamping mechanism comprises a rotating disc, a claw hook and a second motor; the ratchet wheel clamping device is characterized in that a plurality of shifting plates are fixedly connected to the rotating disc along the circumferential direction, a notch for the shifting plates to pass through is formed in the conveying pipeline, the rotating disc is coaxially connected with a ratchet wheel, the claw hook is used for clamping the ratchet wheel, a spring is connected between the claw hook and the rack, and the second motor is connected with a cam intermittently abutted against the claw hook. The second motor rotates and drives the cam and rotate, and cam intermittent type nature's conflict claw hook for claw hook intermittent type nature's block ratchet makes the ratchet drive coaxial rolling disc intermittent type nature's rotation, restricts the removal of stone granule or glass granule through two stirring boards at the clearance time.

Further optimize, the drying area includes the heating pipe, is equipped with the heater strip in the heating pipe and supplies the power of heater strip heating. The power supply heats the heating wires, the heating wires are arranged in the heating pipes, and the heating pipes heat and evaporate water to discharge water.

Further optimize, the bottom plate door downside is equipped with the stone collecting vessel that is used for collecting the stone granule, pipeline end is equipped with the glass collecting vessel that is used for collecting the glass granule.

Further preferably, the rack is further provided with a water tank, the water tank is communicated with a water delivery pipe, and the tail end of the water delivery pipe is positioned in the treatment chamber. The water tank is used for adding water into the treatment chamber, so that water can be conveniently fed.

Further optimize, first separation frame bottom articulates there is the rotor plate that is used for opening first separation frame, and second separation frame bottom articulates there is the rotor plate that is used for opening the second separation frame. After the plastic bag and the wood block with the iron nails are separated in the first separating frame, manually opening the rotating plate, collecting the wood block with the iron nails and water together, and removing the water to recover the wood block with the iron nails; after the plastics and the soil are separated in the second separation frame, the rotating plate is manually opened, water and the soil are collected together, and the soil can be recovered after the water is drained away. The method of draining the water may be by filtration.

Further optimize, be equipped with the opening on the lateral wall of the one end of fan is kept away from to first separation frame, it has the shielding plate to articulate on the opening. When the fan is started, the shielding plate can be opened, and the plastic bag can leave from the opening; when the fan is closed, the shielding plate can be closed, and the plastic bag is positioned in the first separating frame.

The invention has the advantages that: 1. the density of the garbage is utilized to carry out primary layering in a treatment chamber with water, light garbage floats on the water surface, heavy garbage is arranged at the bottom of the treatment chamber, and garbage with moderate weight is arranged in the middle of the treatment chamber; then the light garbage is thrown into the first separation frame through the centrifugal force applied to the garbage, the garbage with moderate weight is thrown into the second separation frame, and the heavy garbage is separated through the second-stage separation device. And gradually separating representative garbage layer by layer, and then recycling the garbage. 2. The first separation frame is convenient for separate plastic bag and the wood that has the iron nail, and the second separation frame is convenient for separate earth and plastics, and second grade separator is convenient for separate glass and stone. 3. Glass particles and stone particles are separated by utilizing the good light transmittance of glass, and the glass particles or the stone particles are detected and separated one by utilizing a clamping mechanism. 4. The light source receiver is electrically connected with a controller for controlling the sliding of the bottom plate door, and the intensity of the light signal received by the light source receiver is used for feeding back the controller correspondingly, so that the glass particles and the stone particles are separated finally.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a construction of a construction waste separating apparatus according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view in the direction of a-a in fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view in the direction B-B in fig. 1.

Reference numerals: the device comprises a treatment chamber 1, a feed hopper 2, a first motor 3, a crushing roller 4, a rotating shaft 5, a stirring sheet 6, a first separation frame 7, a recess 71, a channel 72, a fan 8, a second separation frame 9, a filter screen 10, a magnetic block 11, a drying area 12, a heating pipe 121, a heating wire 122, a conveying pipeline 13, a bottom plate door 14, a light source emitter 15, a light source receiver 16, a rotating disc 17, a claw hook 18, a second motor 19, a stirring plate 20, a ratchet wheel 21, a spring 22, a cam 23, a stone collecting barrel 24, a glass collecting barrel 25, a water tank 26, a water conveying pipe 27, a rotating plate 28, a shielding plate 29 and a rubbing roller 30.

Detailed Description

The following description is presented to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are given by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art.

Example 1 of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1 to 3: a building rubbish separating device comprises a rack, wherein a processing chamber 1 filled with water is arranged on the rack, a feed hopper 2 and a first motor 3 are arranged at the top of the processing chamber 1, a pair of crushing rollers 4 are installed in the feed hopper 2, the first motor 3 is coaxially connected with a rotating shaft 5 extending towards the inner side of the processing chamber 1, the rotating shaft 5 is axially and circumferentially connected with stirring blades 6, a first separating frame 7 used for separating plastic bags and wood with iron nails is communicated with the side wall of the upper part of the processing chamber 1, a fan 8 is arranged on the outer side of the first separating frame 7, the first separating frame 7 comprises a concave recess 71 for containing rubbish and a passage 72 for circulating the rubbish, and the fan 8 is arranged opposite to the passage 72; the side wall of the middle part of the treatment chamber 1 is communicated with a second separation frame 9 which is obliquely arranged and used for separating plastics and soil, and a filter screen 10 is arranged in the second separation frame 9; the inner side wall of the lower part of the treatment chamber 1 is provided with a magnet 11, and the lower part of the treatment chamber 1 is communicated with a secondary separation device for separating stones and glass.

The two-stage separation device comprises a drying area 12, a grinding and rubbing mechanism and a detection area, a discharge port of the drying area 12 is connected with a conveying pipeline 13, the bottom surface of the conveying pipeline 13 is connected with a bottom plate door 14 in a sliding mode, the grinding and rubbing mechanism comprises two grinding and rubbing rollers 30 which are oppositely arranged and used for grinding stones or glass into small particles, the diameter of the conveying pipeline 13 is slightly larger than that of one stone particle or one glass particle, and a clamping mechanism used for intermittently clamping the stone particles or the glass particles is arranged above the bottom plate door 14; the conveying pipeline 13 in the detection area can be passed through by light, one side of detection area is equipped with light source emitter 15, the opposite side of detection area is equipped with light source receiver 16 corresponding with light source emitter 15, light source receiver 16 is connected with the controller, the slip of controller control bottom plate door 14. The light source emitter 15 is an LED collimated light source.

The clamping mechanism comprises a rotating disc 17, a claw hook 18 and a second motor 19; a plurality of shifting plates 20 are fixedly connected to the rotating disc 17 along the circumferential direction, a notch for the shifting plates 20 to pass through is formed in the conveying pipeline 13, the rotating disc 17 is coaxially connected with a ratchet 21, the claw hook 18 is used for clamping the ratchet 21, a spring 22 is connected between the claw hook 18 and the rack, and the second motor 19 is connected with a cam 23 intermittently abutted against the claw hook 18.

The drying zone 12 comprises a heating pipe 121, and a heating wire 122 and a power supply for heating the heating wire 122 are arranged in the heating pipe 121.

A stone collecting barrel 24 for collecting stone particles is arranged at the lower side of the bottom plate door 14, and a glass collecting barrel 25 for collecting glass particles is arranged at the tail end of the conveying pipeline 13.

The rack is also provided with a water tank 26, the water tank 26 is communicated with a water delivery pipe 27, and the tail end of the water delivery pipe 27 is positioned in the treatment chamber 1.

The bottom end of the first separation frame 7 is hinged with a rotating plate 28 for opening the first separation frame 7, and the bottom end of the second separation frame 9 is hinged with a rotating plate 28 for opening the second separation frame 9.

An opening is formed in the side wall of one end, away from the fan 8, of the first separation frame 7, and a shielding plate 29 is hinged to the opening.

The method comprises the following specific operation steps: construction waste, typically plastic bags, wood with nails, metals, plastics, soil, glass, stones, etc., is fed into the treatment chamber 1 through a feed hopper 2. The construction waste firstly passes through the crushing rollers 4, the crushing force and the grinding shear force generated by the relative rotation of the pair of crushing rollers 4 crush the construction waste into smaller particles, the crushing rollers 4 crush glass, stones and the like into particles similar to small spheres, the particles enter the treatment chamber 1 filled with water, firstly, the particles are layered due to different densities, and plastic bags and wood with iron nails float on the water surface; plastic and soil are suspended in the water surface; metal, glass and stone sink to the bottom of the water. At the moment, the first motor 3 is started, the first motor 3 drives the rotating shaft 5 to rotate at a high speed, the stirring sheet 6 also rotates along with the rotating shaft and stirs the water body, and due to the fact that the centrifugal force of various kinds of garbage is far greater than the self gravity, plastic bags and wood with iron nails are sequentially thrown to the periphery into the first separation frame 7 under the action of the centrifugal force; the plastic and the soil are thrown to the periphery of the second separation frame 9; the metal is thrown to the periphery and is absorbed by the magnetic block 11, and the remaining glass and stones flow through the secondary separation device. After the garbage is classified to the first separation frame 7, the second separation frame 9 and the second-stage separation device, the high-speed rotation of the first motor 3 is stopped.

At the moment, the shielding plate 29 on the side wall of the first separation frame 7 is opened, the first separation frame 7 is used for separating the plastic bag from the wood block with the iron nails, the wood with the iron nails absorbs water, the weight is increased after the water absorption, the plastic bag is heavier than the plastic bag and floats on the water layer, the fan 8 is started, the fan 8 blows away the plastic bag floating on the water layer, and the plastic bag leaves the first separation frame 7 through the shielding plate 29 on the side wall of the first separation frame 7; meanwhile, the rotating plate 28 at the bottom end of the first separation frame 7 can be opened, and the wood blocks with the iron nails and water are collected together, so that the plastic bag can be separated from the wood blocks with the iron nails. The wood blocks with the iron nails can be recycled after the water is filtered by a filtering method.

The rotation of the bottom end of the second separation frame 9 is opened again to collect water and soil together, and the soil can be recycled after the water is filtered by a filtering method.

The water flow drives the stone particles and the glass particles to pass through the drying area 12, the electric heating wires in the heating pipes 121 in the drying area 12 remove water, so that the water is discharged, then the glass and the stone are transported through the discharge port, when the glass and the stone are transported to the rubbing mechanism, the stone particles and the glass particles are rubbed by the two rubbing rollers 30, the stone particles and the glass particles continue to move forwards, when the glass and the stone particles are transported to the position corresponding to the clamping mechanism, the second motor 19 drives the cam 23 to rotate, the cam 23 intermittently abuts against the claw hook 18, when the cam 23 abuts against the claw hook 18, the claw hook 18 is separated from the ratchet 21, so that the ratchet 21 can rotate, and the rotating disc 17 is driven to rotate; when the cam 23 does not abut against the claw hook 18, the claw hook 18 is clamped with the ratchet wheel 21, so that the ratchet wheel 21 cannot rotate, the rotating disc 17 cannot rotate, the poking plate 20 on the rotating disc 17 clamps one glass particle or stone particle, the light source emitter 15 emits light, the light is received by the light source receiver 16 through the glass particle or stone particle, the light source receiver 16 can receive a strong light signal due to the high light transmittance of glass, at the moment, the controller enables the bottom plate door 14 to be closed, the glass particle continues to be conveyed forwards, and finally the glass particle enters the glass collecting barrel 25 at the tail end of the conveying pipe; since the pebbles have poor light transmittance, the light source receiver 16 can only receive weak light signals, and the controller makes the bottom plate door 14 slide, so that the pebble particles can be separated from the bottom plate door 14, and finally the pebble particles fall into the pebble collecting barrel 24, thereby completing the separation of the pebble particles from the glass particles.

Therefore, the representative garbage separation is completed, and the subsequent recycling is convenient.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.