Forging and pressing processing technology and processing system thereof
阅读说明：本技术 一种锻压加工工艺及其加工系统 (Forging and pressing processing technology and processing system thereof ) 是由 储昭胜 于 2020-05-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种锻压加工工艺及其加工系统,其包括如下步骤：S01,下料,采用自动圆盘锯下料,形成锻料；S02,锻模预热,将锻模的工作部分(冲头和凹模模膛)预热到250℃-350℃；S03,锻料加热,采用中频电热炉对金属锻料进行加热；S04,锻压镦粗,通过转料装置将锻料送到锻模的镦粗台上,并通过模锻锤对锻料进行锻压；S05,锻料再次加热,采用中频电热炉对金属锻料进行加热；S06,锻压成型,通过转料装置将锻料送到锻模的镦粗台上,并通过模锻锤对锻料进行锻压成型；S07,热切边；S08,热处理；S09,清理。本发明具有对锻模进行预热以降低始锻温度的优势。(The invention relates to a forging and pressing processing technology and a processing system thereof, which comprises the following steps: s01, blanking, namely blanking by adopting an automatic circular saw to form a forged material; s02, preheating a forging die, namely preheating the working part (a punch and a cavity of a female die) of the forging die to 250-350 ℃; s03, heating the forging stock, and heating the metal forging stock by adopting a medium-frequency electric heating furnace; s04, forging and upsetting, namely, conveying the forging stock to an upsetting platform of the forging die through a material transferring device, and forging the forging stock through a die forging hammer; s05, reheating the forging material, and heating the metal forging material by adopting a medium-frequency electric heating furnace; s06, carrying out forging forming, namely conveying the forging stock to an upsetting platform of a forging die through a material transferring device, and carrying out forging forming on the forging stock through a die forging hammer; s07, hot trimming; s08, heat treatment; and S09, cleaning. The invention has the advantage of preheating the forging die to reduce the forging starting temperature.)
1. A forging and pressing processing technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s01, blanking, namely blanking by adopting an automatic circular saw to form a forged material;
s02, preheating a forging die, namely preheating the working part (a punch and a cavity of a female die) of the forging die to 250-350 ℃;
s03, heating the forging stock, and heating the metal forging stock by adopting a medium-frequency electric heating furnace;
s04, forging and upsetting, namely, conveying the forging stock to an upsetting platform of the forging die through a material transferring device, and forging the forging stock through a die forging hammer;
s05, reheating the forging material, and heating the metal forging material by adopting a medium-frequency electric heating furnace;
s06, carrying out forging forming, namely conveying the forging stock to an upsetting platform of a forging die through a material transferring device, and carrying out forging forming on the forging stock through a die forging hammer;
s07, hot trimming;
s08, heat treatment;
and S09, cleaning.
2. The forging process according to claim 1, wherein: in step S02, the forging die is preheated by using the resistance heater, and the forging die preheating temperature is monitored in real time by using the temperature measuring pen.
3. The forging process according to claim 2, wherein: in step S02, the following steps are added:
s021, cooling the forging die, spraying water to cool the punch and the female die, and then coating the water-based graphite emulsion on the surface of the forging die.
4. A forging and pressing system according to claims 1 to 3, comprising said medium frequency electric heater for heating the forging material and said die hammer for forging the forging material, wherein: the forging material transferring device comprises a machine table (1), a rotating device (2) and a clamping device (3), wherein the rotating device (2) and the clamping device (3) are arranged between the intermediate-frequency electric heating furnace and the die forging hammer, the rotating device comprises a rotating disc (21) and a rotating shaft (22) arranged on the rotating disc (21), a gear (23) is arranged on the rotating shaft (22), a driving cylinder (24) is arranged on the machine table (1), and a piston rod of the driving cylinder (24) is connected with a rack (25) meshed with the gear (23); the clamping device (3) is installed on the rotating disc and comprises two groups of clamping cylinders (31) which are oppositely arranged, clamping rods (32) are connected to piston rods of the clamping cylinders (31) in a direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the piston rods, and a clamping area for clamping forged materials is arranged between the two clamping rods (32).
5. The swaging machining system of claim 4, wherein: the clamping rod (32) comprises a fixed rod (321) connected with the clamping cylinder (31) and a movable rod (322) used for clamping the forged materials, and a fixed hole (3221) for inserting the fixed rod (321) is formed in the end portion of the movable rod (322).
6. A forging and pressing system according to claim 5, wherein: the outer side wall of the fixed rod (321) is fixedly connected with a bearing (3211) in a sleeved mode, the outer ring of the bearing (3211) is connected with an end cover (3212), the outer side wall of the movable rod (322) is welded with a lantern ring (3222), and the end cover (3212) is in threaded connection with the outer ring of the lantern ring (3222).
7. A forging system according to claim 6, wherein: and a plurality of springs (323) for abutting against the forging materials are arranged on one side of the two movable rods (322) close to the opposite direction along the length direction of the movable rods.
8. A forging system according to claim 7, wherein: a base (4) is arranged on the movable rod (322), and a magnetic part (41) which is magnetically attracted with the iron movable rod (322) is arranged on the base (4); the base (4) is provided with a plurality of brackets (5), the brackets (5) are provided with air blowing pipes (51) facing the springs (323), and the air blowing pipes (51) are connected with a fan through pipelines.
9. A forging system according to claim 8, wherein: the outside of the air blowing pipe (51) is wrapped with a heat insulation layer (511).
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forging and pressing, in particular to a forging and pressing process and a forging and pressing system.
Background
Forging is a process of using forging machinery to apply pressure to a metal blank to make it plastically deform to obtain a forging with certain mechanical properties, certain shape and size. The defects of as-cast porosity and the like generated in the smelting process of metal can be eliminated through forging, the microstructure is optimized, and meanwhile, because the complete metal streamline is preserved, the mechanical property of the forging is generally superior to that of a casting made of the same material.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a forging and pressing processing technology and a processing system thereof, which have the advantage of preheating a forging die to reduce the forging starting temperature.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a forging and pressing processing technology comprises the following steps:
s01, blanking, namely blanking by adopting an automatic circular saw to form a forged material;
s02, preheating a forging die, namely preheating the working part (a punch and a cavity of a female die) of the forging die to 250-350 ℃;
s03, heating the forging stock, and heating the metal forging stock by adopting a medium-frequency electric heating furnace;
s04, forging and upsetting, namely, conveying the forging stock to an upsetting platform of the forging die through a material transferring device, and forging the forging stock through a die forging hammer;
s05, reheating the forging material, and heating the metal forging material by adopting a medium-frequency electric heating furnace;
s06, carrying out forging forming, namely conveying the forging stock to an upsetting platform of a forging die through a material transferring device, and carrying out forging forming on the forging stock through a die forging hammer;
s07, hot trimming;
s08, heat treatment;
and S09, cleaning.
By adopting the technical scheme, the forging die is preheated before forging, and the working part (the punch and the die cavity of the female die) of the die is preheated to 250-350 ℃ so as to avoid failure caused by larger thermal stress generated by the forging die due to heat transfer of a forging material; the method is favorable for reducing the initial forging temperature of the forging material and reducing the surface chilling condition of the forging material, thereby reducing the surface cracks of the forging material.
The invention is further configured to: in step S02, the forging die is preheated by using the resistance heater, and the forging die preheating temperature is monitored in real time by using the temperature measuring pen.
By adopting the technical scheme, in the traditional scheme, the die is preheated by placing the heated high-temperature iron block between the upper die and the lower die and baking the iron block, but the preheating mode cannot accurately judge whether the die reaches the required preheating temperature and can cause the local temperature of the die to be too high and fail, and the forging die is heated uniformly by adopting the resistance heater; meanwhile, the preheating temperature is monitored in real time through the temperature measuring pen, so that the forging die can be uniformly preheated.
The invention is further configured to: in step S02, the following steps are added: s021, cooling the forging die, spraying water to cool the punch and the female die, and then coating the water-based graphite emulsion on the surface of the forging die.
By adopting the technical scheme, in the forging and pressing process, the high-temperature forging material transmits a large amount of extrusion deformation heat to the forging die, so that the temperature of the die is raised too high, the forging die is cooled preliminarily by water cooling, and the water-based graphite emulsion is coated on the surface of the forging die, so that the effects of cooling and lubricating the forging die are achieved, and the service life of the die is prolonged.
The second aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a forging and pressing processing system comprises the intermediate frequency electric heating furnace for heating a forging material, a die forging hammer for forging and pressing the forging material and a material transferring device arranged between the intermediate frequency electric heating furnace and the die forging hammer and used for transferring the forging material, wherein the material transferring device comprises a machine table, a rotating device and a clamping device, the rotating device comprises a rotating disc and a rotating shaft arranged on the rotating disc, a gear is arranged on the rotating shaft, a driving cylinder is arranged on the machine table, and a piston rod of the driving cylinder is connected with a rack meshed with the gear; the clamping device is arranged on the rotating disc and comprises two groups of clamping cylinders which are oppositely arranged, clamping rods are connected to piston rods of the clamping cylinders in a direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the piston rods, and a clamping area for clamping forging materials is arranged between the two clamping rods.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, carry out after forging the material through the heating of intermediate frequency electric heater, remove through die clamping cylinder drive movable rod, make the spring on the movable rod support the forging, then it drives the rack removal to drive actuating cylinder, the rack drives the gear removal, the gear drives the rolling disc and rotates, make the forging remove die forging hammer department, die clamping cylinder drive movable rod removes in order to loosen the material of forging, make on forging the material carries the die forging hammer, realize forging the automatic transportation of material, replace artifical through the instrument to the mode that the material of forging of high temperature operated among the traditional art, the operation efficiency is improved, and the potential safety hazard is reduced.
The invention is further configured to: the clamping rod comprises a fixed rod connected with the clamping cylinder and a movable rod used for clamping the forged materials, and a fixed hole for inserting the fixed rod is formed in the end portion of the movable rod.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, realize dismantling between dead lever and the movable rod and be connected, when the installation movable rod for the dead lever insert establish on the movable rod the fixed orifices can, when equipment is idle, so that dismantle the movable rod get off, reduce area.
The invention is further configured to: the outer side wall of the fixed rod is fixedly sleeved with a bearing, the outer ring of the bearing is connected with an end cover, the outer side wall of the movable rod is welded with a lantern ring, and the end cover is in threaded connection with the outer ring of the lantern ring.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, insert the fixed orifices when the dead lever, rotate the end cover, screw the end cover on the lantern ring to further fix the movable rod.
The invention is further configured to: and a plurality of springs used for propping the forging materials are arranged on one side of the two movable rods close to each other in the opposite direction along the length direction of the movable rods.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, move to one side that is close to each other side direction when two movable rods under die clamping cylinder's drive, drive the spring and remove for the spring supports tightly on forging the material, thereby will forge the material and press from both sides tightly, offsets through spring and forging the material, and then fixes forging the material, and such fixed mode is stable, forges the material and is difficult for dropping at the removal in-process.
The invention is further configured to: the movable rod is provided with a base, and the base is provided with a magnetic part which is magnetically attracted with the iron movable rod; the base is provided with a plurality of supports, the supports are provided with air blowing pipes facing the springs, and the air blowing pipes are connected with a fan through a pipeline.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, because the contact of material is forged to spring and high temperature, forge the material and give the spring with heat transfer, easily cause the spring inefficacy, so send the air into the gas blow pipe and spout on the spring through the pipeline with the air through the fan to cool down the spring, be favorable to improving the life of elasticity.
The invention is further configured to: the outside of the air blowing pipe is wrapped with a heat insulation layer.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the insulating layer effectively protects the gas blow pipe, reduces on the heat transfer of forging the material arrives the gas blow pipe.
In conclusion, the beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1. preheating a forging die before forging, and preheating working parts (a punch and a cavity of a female die) of the die to 250-350 ℃ so as to avoid failure of the forging die due to large thermal stress generated by heat transfer of a forging material; the initial forging temperature of the forging material is reduced, and the surface chilling condition of the forging material is reduced, so that the surface cracks of the forging material are reduced;
2. in the forging and pressing process, a large amount of extrusion deformation heat is transferred to the forging die by the high-temperature forging material, so that the temperature of the die is excessively high, the forging die is preliminarily cooled by water cooling, and the water-based graphite emulsion is coated on the surface of the forging die, so that the effects of cooling and lubricating the forging die are achieved, and the service life of the die is prolonged;
3. carry out after the material is accomplished through the heating of intermediate frequency electric heater when forging, remove through die clamping cylinder drive movable rod, make the spring on the movable rod support the forging, then it drives the rack removal to drive actuating cylinder, the rack drives the gear removal, the gear drives the rolling disc and rotates, make the forging remove die forging hammer department, die clamping cylinder drive movable rod removes in order to loosen the material of forging, make on forging the material carries the die forging hammer, realize the automatic transportation of forging the material, replace artifical mode of forging the material of high temperature through the instrument and operating among the traditional art, the operation efficiency is improved, and the potential safety hazard is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a forging process according to an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram for embodying the material transferring device in the embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a disassembled schematic view for embodying the structure of the rotating device in the embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a disassembled schematic view for embodying the structure of the material clamping device in the embodiment.
Fig. 5 is an exploded view of the embodiment for embodying the structure of the clamping bar.
In the figure, 1, a machine; 2. a rotating device; 21. rotating the disc; 22. a rotating shaft; 23. a gear; 24. a driving cylinder; 25. a rack; 3. a material clamping device; 31. a clamping cylinder; 32. a clamping bar; 321. fixing the rod; 3211. a bearing; 3212. an end cap; 322. a movable rod; 3221. a fixing hole; 3222. a collar; 323. a spring; 4. a base; 41. a magnetic member; 5. a support; 51. an air blowing pipe; 511. an insulating layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the forging process disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps:
s01, blanking, namely blanking by adopting an automatic circular saw to form a forged material;
s02, preheating the forging die, namely preheating the working part (a punch and a cavity of the female die) of the forging die to 250-350 ℃ through a resistance heater, and monitoring the preheating temperature of the forging die in real time by using a temperature measuring pen to ensure uniform preheating; spraying water to cool the punch and the female die, and brushing water-based graphite emulsion on the surface of the forging die to promote the heat dissipation of the forging die;
s03, heating the forging stock, and heating the metal forging stock by adopting a medium-frequency electric heating furnace;
s04, forging and upsetting, namely, conveying the forging stock to an upsetting platform of the forging die through a material transferring device, and forging the forging stock through a die forging hammer;
s05, reheating the forging material, and heating the metal forging material by adopting a medium-frequency electric heating furnace;
s06, carrying out forging forming, namely conveying the forging stock to an upsetting platform of a forging die through a material transferring device, and carrying out forging forming on the forging stock through a die forging hammer;
s07, hot trimming;
s08, performing heat treatment, quenching according to the heat treatment process specification, and performing artificial aging;
and S09, cleaning, namely cleaning the oxide skin on the surface of the forging through shot blasting and shot blasting, so that the surface of the forging is subjected to work hardening.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, a forging and pressing system provided for the present embodiment includes the above-mentioned die hammer for forging and pressing a forging material and an intermediate frequency electric heater for heating the forging material, and a material transfer device disposed between the intermediate frequency electric heater and the die hammer, the material transfer device being configured to transfer the forging material on the die hammer to the die hammer; the material transferring device comprises a machine table 1 and a rotating device 2 arranged on the machine table 1, the rotating device 2 comprises a rotating disc 21 arranged horizontally and a rotating shaft 22 welded at the circle center of the rotating disc 21, and a gear 23 is coaxially welded on the outer side wall of the rotating shaft 22; a driving cylinder 24 is installed on the machine table 1 through a bolt, a rack 25 meshed with the gear 23 is welded on a piston rod of the driving cylinder 24, the driving cylinder 24 drives the rack 25 to reciprocate in the linear direction, the rack 25 moves to drive the gear 23 to reciprocate, and the gear 23 drives the rotating shaft 22 and the rotating disc 21 to rotate; the rotating disc 21 is provided with a clamping device 3, the clamping device 3 comprises two clamping cylinders 31 which are oppositely arranged, piston rods of the two clamping cylinders 31 are oppositely arranged, clamping rods 32 are connected to the end portions of the piston rods in a direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the piston rods, the two clamping cylinders 31 drive the two clamping rods 32 to move towards one side close to the other side, and accordingly the forged material is clamped and is conveyed to next processing equipment through rotation of the rotating disc 21.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the clamping
Referring to fig. 4, a plurality of springs 323 are welded to one side of the two
Referring to fig. 4, the two
The implementation principle of the embodiment is as follows: when the forging material is heated by the medium-frequency electric heating furnace and then conveyed out, the clamping
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.