阅读说明：本技术 利用食用菌废菌棒制备空心李种植用有机肥及其制备方法 (Organic fertilizer for planting hollow plums prepared by using waste edible fungus sticks and preparation method thereof ) 是由 田娟 周昌平 彭星运 陈文兴 王文章 于 2020-06-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及有机肥技术领域,尤其是一种利用食用菌废菌棒制备空心李种植用有机肥及其制备方法,经食用菌废菌棒一次发酵后,添加到鸡粪与生石灰混合堆放发酵的发酵物料中,再进行二次发酵处理得到有机肥,该有机肥用于对空心李果树进行补充施肥处理,有助于降低空心李果树发病指数,提高产量,尤其能够改善空心李果实品质,使得糖酸比、固酸比得到改善,提高了空心李果实的商品价值。(The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, in particular to an organic fertilizer for planting hollow plum prepared by using waste edible fungus sticks and a preparation method thereof.)

1. A preparation method of an organic fertilizer for planting hollow plums by using waste edible fungus sticks is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) placing the waste edible fungus sticks in a sealed environment, filling saturated water vapor, adjusting the water content to be more than or equal to 40%, and performing primary fermentation for at least 5 days to obtain a primary fermentation material;

(2) mixing chicken manure and quicklime according to the mass ratio of 1:0.01-1, stacking for at least 10 days in a natural environment, mixing a primary fermentation material with 3-20 times of the mass, placing in a sealed environment, filling saturated water vapor, adjusting the water content to be more than or equal to 60%, and treating for at least 10 days to obtain the chicken manure.

2. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer for planting the prunus salicina by using the waste edible fungus sticks as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (2) further comprises the steps of drying and granulating.

3. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer for planting the prunus salicina by using the waste edible fungus sticks as claimed in claim 2, wherein the drying is to dry the water content to be less than or equal to 15%.

4. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer for planting the prunus salicina by using the waste edible fungus sticks as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the chicken manure and the quicklime are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5.

5. An organic fertilizer produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. An organic fertilizer suitable for planting 3-year-old and/or 4-year-old hollow plum trees is prepared by the preparation method of claim 1, chicken manure and quicklime are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.05-0.5, and the mixing amount of a primary fermentation material is 10 times of the mass of the primary fermentation material.

7. The organic fertilizer suitable for 3-year-old and/or 4-year-old hollow plum tree planting as claimed in claim 6, wherein the chicken manure is mixed with quicklime in a mass ratio of 1: 0.5.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, in particular to an organic fertilizer for planting hollow plums prepared by using waste edible fungus sticks and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Prunus salicina, a small tree of Rosaceae, the height of the tree is about 4m, the crown of the tree is semicircular, the leaves are in an inverted oval shape, and the flower is in a rose-shaped crown. The fruit is round, bright in color, crisp and tender in pulp, fragrant, sweet, tasty and refreshing in juice, and rich in protein, vitamins and trace elements.

The altitude suitable for planting the hollow plums is between 500 and 700m, and the soil is as follows: the organic matter content of the lime soil or sandy loam is required to be more than 1.5 percent, and the gradient is less than or equal to 35 degrees; in the propagation process, wild peaches are often selected as rootstocks, and excellent mother trees are grafted as scions. The planting time is 11-12 months per year, the planting density is usually controlled between 73-111 plants, after planting, fertilization treatment is needed, foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the flowering phase and the fruit setting phase, more than 130 days are needed from the full flowering phase to the fruit ripening, the solid content in the fruit is more than or equal to 11 percent, the solid-acid ratio is about 11:1, the vitamin C content is higher than that of other fruits such as plum, peach, pear and the like, and the fruit is known as 'Japanese apricot' in plum.

The sugar-acid ratio is one of the main bases for evaluating the taste of the raw eaten fruits, and the raw eaten fruits with high sugar degree and low acidity have better taste, can reach the condition, and have higher commodity value. The sugar-acid ratio is the ratio of the total sugar degree and the total acidity of the fruits, and the sugar-acid ratio of the hollow plums is maintained to be about 8; generally, the sugar acid ratio of fruits with difference of about 1% will have significant difference in raw taste. However, one of the main factors affecting the sugar-acid ratio of fruits is: the nutrients which can be absorbed by the fruit trees and the nutrient elements which are supplemented to the fruit trees by fruit growers are the fertilizer varieties and the fertilizer nutrient varieties which are adopted during fertilization.

At present, although researchers in the field have found that the nutrient type and fertilizer variety of the fertilizer used during fertilization affect the taste of fruits, researchers have also studied the improvement of the sugar-acid ratio of fruits, and used the mushroom dregs and the inorganic fertilizer for compound application to improve the sugar-acid ratio of fruits, for example: the patent number is CN 201010572474.5's fertilization method that utilizes fungus sediment to improve navel orange sugar acid ratio, it is used to disclose fungus sediment and inorganic chemical fertilizer complex, can effectively improve navel orange sugar acid ratio, and give the fungus sediment and used, can increase production, but not enough at the potash fertilizer, can cause the unable improvement of content of soluble solid matter, so can't improve the commodity value of fruit, so according to the potassium content that the fungus sediment contains, adjust nitrogen potassium proportion through the potassium sulphate, in order to reach and satisfy navel orange growth nitrogen, the potassium demand, effectively reduce navel orange planting cost, reduce the chemical fertilizer use amount, help changing the physicochemical property of navel orange planting environment. However, navel orange is evergreen small arbor of Rutaceae, and belongs to different genus species from small arbor of Prunus salicina; for fruit trees of different species, the demand and absorption of nutrients will be greatly different, which also makes the research of special fertilizers for fruit trees of different species become the focus of current fertilizer researchers. And the following results are obtained by summarizing the planting experience of hollow plum farmers for many years: when the hollow plum is fertilized and nourished every year, the variety of the fertilized materials is frequently changed, which not only influences the fruiting rate of the hollow plum tree in the current year and reduces the yield of the fruit tree, but also causes the disease resistance of the hollow plum tree to be weakened, leads to poor fruiting quality and poor taste, reduces the commodity value of the hollow plum and hinders the development of the hollow plum industry.

The waste edible fungus sticks are wastes produced in the edible fungus industry, contain rich nutrient elements such as crude fiber, crude protein, crude fat, trace elements, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements and the like, and are widely applied to the field of organic fertilizer production to achieve the purposes of reducing environmental pollution and recycling agricultural resources. At present, the process for producing the organic fertilizer by applying the waste edible fungus sticks mainly focuses on: after being fermented by microorganisms such as aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, the fertilizer is prepared by matching with corresponding inorganic fertilizer nutrient elements and through a reasonable process: the soil conditioner, the organic seedling raising matrix, the bio-organic fertilizer, the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and other products are used for overcoming the defect that the stacking of the waste edible fungus sticks pollutes the environment, simultaneously achieving the aim of recycling and comprehensively utilizing agricultural wastes and reducing resource loss. However, researches on preparing organic fertilizers suitable for growth requirements of specific crops by taking waste edible fungus sticks as raw materials are relatively few at present, and research depth is not enough, so that after the obtained organic fertilizers are applied to soil, fruit quality is difficult to improve, fruit tree yield is increased, the disease resistance of fruit trees is weakened, and fruit taste is poor.

In view of this, in the development process of the regional economic industry, researchers conduct research on regional specific agricultural special product fruit tree varieties, take edible fungus waste sticks as raw materials, conduct research on organic fertilizers for planting specific fruit tree varieties, further obtain organic fertilizers suitable for improving the quality of hollow plum fruits and the disease resistance of hollow plum trees, and provide a new idea for comprehensive utilization of edible fungus waste sticks.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides an organic fertilizer for planting hollow plums prepared by using waste edible fungus sticks and a preparation method thereof.

The method is realized by the following technical scheme:

one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a preparation method of an organic fertilizer for planting hollow plums by using waste edible fungus sticks, which comprises the following steps:

(1) placing the waste edible fungus sticks in a sealed environment, filling saturated water vapor, adjusting the water content to be more than or equal to 40%, and performing primary fermentation for at least 5 days to obtain a primary fermentation material;

(2) mixing chicken manure and quicklime according to the mass ratio of 1:0.01-1, stacking for at least 10 days in a natural environment, mixing a primary fermentation material with 3-20 times of the mass, placing in a sealed environment, filling saturated water vapor, adjusting the water content to be more than or equal to 60%, and treating for at least 10 days to obtain the chicken manure.

In order to facilitate the transportation and storage of the prepared organic fertilizer and facilitate the weight statistics of the fertilizer application, the method preferably further comprises the steps of drying and granulating after the step (2).

In order to reduce the adding amount of the binder in the granulation process, improve the binding property of the granulated fertilizer and reduce the preparation cost of the granulated fertilizer, preferably, the drying is to dry the water content to be less than or equal to 15 percent.

In order to enhance the quality of the organic fertilizer, preferably, in the step (2), the chicken manure and the quicklime are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5.

The invention also aims to provide the organic fertilizer prepared by the method, and the organic fertilizer can improve the growth performance of the hollow plum trees, reduce the disease index of the hollow plum trees, improve the yield of the hollow plum fruits, improve the quality of the hollow plum fruits, improve the sugar-acid ratio and the solid-acid ratio and improve the commodity value of the hollow plum fruits.

The invention also aims to provide an organic fertilizer suitable for planting the 3-year and/or 4-year hollow plum trees, the organic fertilizer is prepared according to the preparation method, the chicken manure and the quicklime are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:0.05-0.5, and the mixing amount of the primary fermentation material is 10 times of the mass. Can greatly reduce the disease index of the hollow plum tree and improve the yield of the hollow plum tree. More preferably, the chicken manure and the quicklime are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.5.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:

the organic fertilizer is used for performing supplementary fertilization treatment on the hollow plum fruit trees, is beneficial to reducing the morbidity index of the hollow plum fruit trees, improves the yield, especially can improve the quality of the hollow plum fruits, improves the sugar-acid ratio and the solid-acid ratio, and improves the commodity value of the hollow plum fruits.

The waste edible fungus sticks contain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements, exist in an organic form, and can be absorbed and utilized by trees after being degraded, so that the yield of fruit trees is increased; in addition, a large amount of beneficial flora remains in the waste edible fungus sticks, and the existence of the beneficial flora can influence the micro-ecological environment for the growth of fruit trees and improve the disease resistance of the fruit trees. However, the application of the pure waste edible fungus sticks can only improve the yield of fruit trees, but cannot improve the sugar-acid ratio and the solid-acid ratio of fruits, so that the commodity value of the fruits is low. Therefore, the organic fertilizer is prepared by adding the chicken manure and the quicklime into the waste edible fungus sticks and performing a reasonable treatment process, so that the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the organic fertilizer can meet the requirement of the hollow plum trees for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in growth, the planting cost of the hollow plum trees can be effectively reduced, the use amount of the fertilizer is reduced, and the resource utilization of the waste edible fungus sticks is realized.

Saturated steam is introduced, so that the aim of killing partial harmful floras can be achieved, the residual floras can be selectively reserved, the high-temperature-resistant beneficial floras are left, and the aim of improving the fertilizer efficiency is achieved through anaerobic decomposition treatment.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.

The waste edible fungus sticks are derived from wastes generated after edible fungi such as edible fungus, tea tree flower, needle mushroom and the like are planted by certain fungus industry limited company in Guizhou province, the organic matter content is about 48 wt%, the total nitrogen content is about 1.98 wt%, the total phosphorus content is about 0.93 wt%, the total potassium content is about 2.45 wt%, and the pH value is 7.51. The chicken manure is purchased from a layer farm of Shiqian, Guizhou, and contains about 18.3% wt crude protein, about 2.8% wt fat, about 11% wt ash, about 11% wt carbohydrate, about 7.6% wt fiber, about 2.13% wt nitrogen, about 1.98% wt phosphorus, and about 1.02% wt potassium. The quicklime is purchased in the market and contains more than or equal to 98.5 percent of calcium oxide.