阅读说明：本技术 一种用于车辆驱动的柔性轴系及其工作原理 (Flexible shaft system for vehicle driving and working principle thereof ) 是由 邓晓光 于 2019-03-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本说明书运用牛顿运动定律及能量守恒定律分析车辆的运动原理,提出了车辆平衡驱动工作原理。车辆在刚性、同步传动的条件下,其动力装置对车辆的驱动为冲击驱动,即车辆在保持匀速、水平运动的条件下,其动力装置输出的动力大于其驱动轮克服匀速阻力所做的功。而在柔性、异步传动的条件下,其动力装置对车辆的驱动为平衡驱动,即车辆在保持匀速、水平运动的条件下,其动力装置输出的动力与其驱动轮克服匀速阻力所做的功保持相等。基于胡克定律及车辆平衡驱动工作原理,本说明书提出了实现车辆平衡驱动的柔性轴及柔性轴系的定义及其结构,并提出了柔性轴及柔性轴系的主要技术参数的设计及计算方法。(The description uses Newton's law of motion and law of conservation of energy to analyze the principle of motion of the vehicle, and proposes the principle of balance driving of the vehicle. Under the condition of rigid and synchronous transmission, the power device of the vehicle drives the vehicle in an impact mode, namely, under the condition that the vehicle keeps constant speed and horizontal motion, the power output by the power device is larger than the work of the driving wheels to overcome the constant speed resistance. Under the condition of flexible and asynchronous transmission, the power device drives the vehicle in a balanced mode, namely the power output by the power device keeps equal to the work of the driving wheels overcoming the resistance at constant speed under the condition that the vehicle keeps constant speed and horizontal motion. Based on Hooke's law and the working principle of vehicle balance driving, the specification provides definitions and structures of a flexible shaft and a flexible shaft system for realizing vehicle balance driving, and provides design and calculation methods of main technical parameters of the flexible shaft and the flexible shaft system.)

1. The flexible shaft is used for power transmission between a vehicle power device and a driving wheel, is made of linear materials of which the elastic deformation accords with Hooke's law, is a hollow shaft, and two ends of the flexible shaft are connecting parts, wherein the shaft part is a thin-wall cylinder (effective length of proportional torsional deformation), the length size range of the thin-wall cylinder is 400-1000 Hao meters, the diameter size range is 5-40 Hao meters, and the wall thickness size range is 0.6-6 Hao meters.

2. When the dynamic wave is transmitted from one end of the flexible shaft to the other end, the flexible shaft is provided with two power transmission paths, namely the synchronous rotation of the whole flexible shaft and the asynchronous rotation between the cross sections of the flexible shaft; when the power of the vehicle power device is changed, the asynchronous rotation between the cross sections of the flexible shaft always conforms to Hooke's law.

3. The flexible shaft system of the vehicle balance driving functional unit consists of a primary shaft system and a half shaft, wherein the primary shaft system is composed of 3 to 9 rod parts with slightly different lengths, the primary shafts with the same structure and size are connected in series, the power input end of a first primary shaft is connected with the power output end of a power device, the power output end of the first primary shaft is connected with the power input end of a second primary shaft, the power output end of the second primary shaft is connected with the power input end of a third primary shaft, and the like, and the power output end of the last primary shaft is connected with the power input end of a speed reducing mechanism; the power input end of the primary shaft system is the power input end of the first primary shaft, and the power output end of the primary shaft system is the power output end of the last primary shaft.

4. The primary shaft comprises a core shaft, an intermediate shaft, an outer layer shaft, a sliding bearing, a rigid sleeve and the like, two ends of the core shaft, the intermediate shaft and the outer layer shaft are transmission connecting parts, and the middle rod part of the shaft is a thin-wall cylinder; the mandrel, the intermediate shaft, the outer layer shaft and the sliding bearing are arranged in the rigid sleeve, and two ends of the excircle of the rigid sleeve are provided with supporting bearings.

5. The power input end of the mandrel and the sliding bearing between the outer circular surface of the mandrel and the inner hole wall of the power output end of the intermediate shaft rotate asynchronously, and the power output end of the mandrel and the power input end of the intermediate shaft are in fastening connection; the power input end of the intermediate shaft and the inner hole wall of the power output end of the outer shaft are in fastening connection; the power input end of the outer layer shaft asynchronously rotates through the sliding bearing between the outer circular surface of the outer layer shaft and the inner hole wall of the rigid sleeve.

6. The outer circle surface of the power input end of the intermediate shaft is provided with a spline which is connected with an inner hole of the connecting disc on the outer side of the spline, and two connecting claws which are sleeved on the same side just penetrate through an arc-shaped hole on the web plate of the power output gear and are inserted into the arc-shaped hole on the connecting disc; a larger gap is formed between the arc-shaped hole on the web plate of the power output gear and the rigid sleeve connecting claw, so that the relative free rotation of the arc-shaped hole and the rigid sleeve connecting claw can be ensured; the arc hole on the connecting disc and the connecting claw of the steel sleeve are in tight fit, and the power input end of the intermediate shaft, the connecting disc, the steel sleeve and the like can only synchronously rotate.

7. The power input gear web plate at the power input end of the mandrel is provided with an inner arc hole and an outer arc hole, the rigid sleeve connecting claw at the same side is inserted into the outer arc hole, a gap with a specified size is formed between the arc holes and the connecting claws, and the arc holes and the connecting claws can rotate relatively at a certain angle; when the asynchronous rotation angle of the mandrel reaches the maximum allowable value, the connecting claw of the rigid sleeve is in contact with the limiting surface of the outer group of arc-shaped holes on the power input gear web plate at the power input end of the mandrel, at the moment, the asynchronous rotation angle of the mandrel is not increased any more, but is kept to synchronously rotate with the rigid sleeve, and the asynchronous rotation angle is kept unchanged.

8. The power input gear web plate at the power input end of the mandrel is provided with an inner group of arc-shaped holes, the connecting claws of the power input end surface of the outer layer shaft at the same side are inserted into the inner group of arc-shaped holes, gaps with specified sizes are formed between the arc-shaped holes and the connecting claws, and the arc-shaped holes and the connecting claws can rotate relatively at a certain angle; when the asynchronous rotation angle of the intermediate shaft reaches the maximum allowable value, the connecting claw on the power input end surface of the outer layer shaft is in contact with the limiting surface of the inner group arc-shaped hole on the web plate of the power input gear, at the moment, the asynchronous rotation angle of the intermediate shaft is not increased any more, but keeps synchronous rotation with the power input gear, and the asynchronous rotation angle keeps unchanged.

9. When the connecting claw on the power input end surface of the outer layer shaft is contacted with the limiting surface of the inner group arc-shaped hole on the web plate of the power input gear, the mandrel, the intermediate shaft, the power input end of the outer layer shaft and the power input gear of the rigid sleeve and the power input end of the mandrel keep synchronous rotation.

10. The balance driving system in the working model of the balance driving system consists of three parts, namely a power device, a balance driving functional unit, a driving wheel and the like, wherein the power input end of the balance driving functional unit is connected with the power output end of the power device, the power output end of the balance driving functional unit is connected with the driving wheel, and a blocking flywheel in the balance driving functional unit is arranged at the power input end of the flexible shaft and keeps synchronous rotation with the power input end; the vehicle balance driving working principle is based on the torsion deformation law (hooke's law) of a flexible shaft system, and various motion mechanics relations are formed under the interaction of pulse power waves output by a power device of a balance driving system, a balance torque couple generated by the flexible shaft system, inertia moment generated by a blocking flywheel, rotation resistance moment of a driving wheel and the like; the vehicle balance driving working principle comprises 6 working mechanisms, such as a torque balance mechanism, a one-way power transmission mechanism, a power decomposition mechanism, an optimal load mechanism, an acceleration mechanism, a power and load balance mechanism and the like.

11. The torque balance mechanism is as follows: in the process of balanced driving, the composite resistance torque of the power output end of the flexible shaft system is passively generated, and the power torque of the power input end of the flexible shaft system is actively input, so that the active torque and the passive torque are always kept equal in size and opposite in action direction under the action of a balanced torque couple of the input end and the output end of the flexible shaft system no matter how the active torque and the passive torque are respectively changed; in the process of balanced driving, the composite resisting moment acting on the driving wheel and the power torque acting on the power input end of the flexible shaft system present different variation trends, but under the action of the balanced torque of the power input end and the power output end of the flexible shaft system and asynchronous rotation of the balanced torque, the composite resisting moment acting on the driving wheel and the power torque acting on the power input end of the flexible shaft system always keep equal in magnitude and opposite in acting direction.

12. A power decomposition mechanism: in the balanced driving system, when the power output by the power device is larger than the work of the driving wheel overcoming the composite resistance moment, the input end of the flexible shaft system can rotate asynchronously under the interaction of the power torque at the input end of the flexible shaft system and the inertia moment of the mass borne by the driving wheel at the output end of the flexible shaft system, and the power is decomposed into synchronous uniform-speed power and asynchronous acceleration power.

13. The one-way power transmission mechanism comprises: in the balance driving system, when the power torque of the power input end of the flexible shaft is larger than, equal to or smaller than the composite resistance torque of the driving wheel at the power output end, the power output by the power device can be transmitted to the driving wheel in a single direction under the action of blocking the rotation inertia moment of the flywheel and the balance torque of the flexible shaft system.

14. An acceleration mechanism: in the balance driving system, when the power output by the power device is larger than the power required by the driving wheel to keep the mass bearing the weight to move at a constant speed, the flexible shaft system can decompose the input power into synchronous balance power and asynchronous acceleration power, the synchronous balance power is converted into the power which is used by the driving wheel to keep the mass bearing the weight to move at a constant speed at the output end of the flexible shaft system, the torque and the rotation of the synchronous balance power are synchronously transmitted to the output end from the input end of the flexible shaft system, and the torque is equal to the balance torque at the output end of the flexible shaft system; asynchronous acceleration power (namely elastic deformation potential energy of the flexible shaft system and kinetic energy of the blocking flywheel) enables the driving wheel to rotate in an accelerated mode through balance torque and asynchronous rotation of the output end of the flexible shaft system, asynchronous rotation of the output end of the flexible shaft system is namely accelerated rotation of the driving wheel, and energy storage released by the flexible shaft system and the blocking flywheel is equal to kinetic energy increased after the mass borne by the driving wheel is accelerated.

15. The optimal load mechanism is as follows: in a balanced driving system, at the peak stage of a pulse dynamic wave, the power device can realize acting motion which is beneficial to a power source to fully release energy through asynchronous rotation of the input end of the flexible shaft system and the generated balanced torque, so that the power device can output more power in the pulse dynamic wave.

16. Power and load balancing mechanism: under the condition of uniform and horizontal motion of the balance driving system, if mechanical loss of the driving system is ignored, under the action of asynchronous rotation of the flexible shaft system and balance torque of the flexible shaft system, power output by the power device of the balance driving system is equal to work which is performed by the driving wheel to overcome uniform load moment.