阅读说明：本技术 玻璃线性菲涅尔透镜在太阳能中应用 (Application of glass linear Fresnel lens in solar energy ) 是由 杨金玉 于 2020-05-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：能够生产出低成本的玻璃线性菲涅尔透镜是关键,再利用透镜聚光原理,将缩减了尺寸的太阳能电池放置在面积较小的聚焦面上,可以发与透镜面积相当的电量,节省了太阳能电池板版面。再利用极其简单的平行四边形连杆机构实现多机联动,在经度上跟踪太阳,发更多电量。用在热水热汽产生器上效率也会高。(The linear fresnel lens of glass that can produce low-cost is the key, recycles lens spotlight principle, places the solar cell who has reduced the size on the less focus face of area, can send the electric quantity equivalent with the lens area, has saved the solar cell panel space of a whole page. And then, the extremely simple parallelogram link mechanism is utilized to realize multi-machine linkage, so that the sun is tracked in longitude, and more electricity is generated. The efficiency of the hot water and hot steam generator is high.)

1. The glass linear Fresnel lens is formed by a manufacturing method of the glass linear Fresnel lens, application of the glass linear Fresnel lens in a solar flat cell and application of the glass linear Fresnel lens in a solar hot water heat generator

The method is characterized in that:

a. the manufacturing method of the glass linear Fresnel lens comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: determining the diameter, focal length and glass refractive index of the lens according to design requirements, calculating all data of the Fresnel lens shown in the figure 1 by referring to corresponding formulas loaded in a patent (201810867584.0) of a Fresnel lens system with a diameter of ten meters, and converting the data into corresponding female die data; in order to reduce the destructive power of strong wind on a solar cell panel, glass linear Fresnel lenses are made into narrow strips, namely parameters such as diameter, focal length and the like are selected during design, so that a glass production line with the width of about 3 meters can accommodate a plurality of parallel linear Fresnel lenses, and the width of each linear Fresnel lens is from a few tenths of meters to a few tenths of meters;

step two: finding a pair of roller shaft blanks with proper specifications for carving, wherein one blank needs to be cut and processed by a horizontal numerically controlled lathe, and at the moment, the data of a female die needs to be injected into the numerically controlled lathe, so that the linear Fresnel lens embossing female die shown in the figure 1 is processed by the female die; the other blank is processed into a horizontal smooth surface by a numerical control lathe without embossing;

step three: installing a pair of processed engraved roll shafts on a float glass production line, adjusting the distance between two shafts according to the thickness of the required Fresnel lens glass, and simultaneously requiring that the engraved roll shafts are placed above smooth roll shafts, and the embossed glass pattern surface is upward and the smooth surface is downward; this is just the opposite of conventional faceup, which is advantageous for the subsequent glass cutting process; thus requiring a retrofit glass trimming process; the glass flower faces upwards to protect a plurality of small tips in the Fresnel lens from deformation; because of the embossing process, the middle pressing and shaping ring segment is actually formed in the process of converting the glass from a high-temperature flow state to a normal-temperature curing state; during the process, cooling water is injected into the hollow roll shaft, the flow rate of the cooling water is carefully regulated and controlled, and the glass is gradually forced to enter a cooling and shaping state; the glass just separated from the pressing die is not completely solidified, and the small tip is particularly afraid of pressure deformation;

step four: glass which is not completely solidified just after being separated from the pressing die is required to go through a horizontal assembly line which is hundreds of meters long and consists of rotating rollers, so that the purposes of gradually cooling and final solidification in a natural state are achieved;

step five: cutting the solidified embossed glass into finished products according with the size, stacking and warehousing;

b. the glass linear Fresnel lens is applied to a solar flat cell:

according to the lens light-gathering principle, the light energy passing through the previous focusing surface with a larger area is the same as the light energy passing through the next focusing surface with a smaller area; therefore, conditions are created for narrowing the power generation of the solar cell panel to the same power; the smaller the focal plane is, the more concentrated solar energy is; if a small-area solar cell panel is used, the temperature resistance problem of the solar cell is considered, and a radiator can be added when the cost is appropriate;

further applying a parallelogram link mechanism, realizing multimachine linkage tracking of the sun to generate more electricity in longitude: FIG. 3 shows a parallelogram linkage mechanism, wherein 5 is a linear Fresnel lens, the focal line is oriented perpendicular to the paper, 6 is a narrowed solar panel, the whole triangular box body can be closed by a punched triangular cover plate made of iron sheet and a thin iron sheet on the side face to protect the solar cell; 7 is the complete machine frame, 8 is the parallelogram connecting rod, 9 is the rotatable mechanism, the big black point on the picture is all, 10 is the sector gear, it is the component of the parallelogram connecting rod mechanism too, it drives the connecting rod 8, make the multimachine linkage face the sun, produce more electricity, 11 is the step motor, it drives the sector gear to rotate, the control program of the step motor, will be solidified according to the orbit of tracking the sun locally; because the sun changes slowly in the latitude direction, the hydraulic jacking rod can be manually operated to save money, and the inclination angle of the whole machine frame is lifted and put down to track the sun; or a proper elevation angle is selected to fix the whole machine frame, so that the power generation loss is not large for the vertical-oriented linear Fresnel system;

c. the glass linear Fresnel lens is applied to a solar hot water heat gas generator:

can be arranged as shown in fig. 4, in which 15 is a glass linear fresnel lens; 16 is a pair of aluminum profiles with glass slots; 17 is a punching iron sheet triangle box cover, the frame is fixed by the upper cover and the lower cover, and the whole triangle frame can rotate around the shaft; if the frame is not stable enough, two steel wire reinforcing ribs can be added according to 19 in the figure; in the figure, 18 is a heat exchange tube and a heat preservation tube with a gap, the heat preservation tube rotates along with a frame, the gap of the heat preservation tube always faces to the sunlight, and frame rotating shafts are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the heat exchange tube; in the figure, 12 and 13 are an upper complete machine frame and a lower complete machine frame, a cold water inlet pipe of the heat exchange tubes are arranged on the upper lines, and a hot water hot air outlet pipe of the heat exchange tubes is arranged on the lower lines; in the figure 14 is a pulling frame of a parallelogram linkage mechanism, which can be pulled to track the sun;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a solar hot water heating and cooling principle, in which 20 is a heat exchange tube, 21 and 22 are a temperature sensor and a temperature control water valve, respectively, when sunlight irradiates the heat exchange tube, the temperature control water valve is opened when the temperature in the tube rises to a set temperature, water is injected into the heat exchange tube through a water inlet 23, when no sunlight irradiates the heat exchange tube, the temperature control water valve is automatically closed when the temperature in the tube drops to the set temperature, water stored in the heat exchange tube automatically flows into an insulation can 25 after water cut off, an empty heat exchange tube is not broken due to freezing, and the insulation can 25 is set to be lower than the heat exchange tube; in the figure, 26 is a normal hot water outlet, and if steam is used, steam is taken from 28; in the figure, 27 is a spare water replenishing port.

The technical field is as follows:

the invention belongs to the technical field of Fresnel lenses, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of a glass lens and application of the glass lens in solar energy.

Technical Field

Most fresnel lenses are either pressed from plastic or replicated from ultra-white glass silicone. The glass Fresnel lens is not produced by directly utilizing the embossing technology of a float plate glass production line. Since this year, solar flat cells have not been subsidized by governments, and thus the competition is more intense, and the main competition is in improving the power generation efficiency and reducing the cost. There are other methods to further improve the cost performance of solar flat cells.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is: the float plate glass production line and roller embossing technology are directly utilized to manufacture the glass linear Fresnel lens with good environmental adaptability and low cost. And according to the focusing principle of the lens, the light energy passing through the previous focusing plane with a larger area is the same as the light energy passing through the next focusing plane with a smaller area. Therefore, the solar flat cell with reduced size can be placed on different focal planes, and the power generation effect is the same. The cost is reduced by allowing the solar cell panel to be reduced in size and generate the same electric quantity. And the parallelogram link mechanism is utilized to realize multi-stage linkage sun tracking in the longitude direction, so that the cost is not increased, and the power generation efficiency of the whole system is greatly improved.

The manufacturing method of the glass linear Fresnel lens comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: the lens diameter, focal length and glass refractive index are determined according to the design requirements, all data of the Fresnel lens shown in the figure 1 are calculated by referring to corresponding formulas loaded in a patent (201810867584.0) of a Fresnel lens system with a diameter of ten meters, and are converted into corresponding female die data.

Step two: a pair of roller shaft blanks with proper specifications for carving are ordered in a corresponding factory, one blank is cut and machined by a horizontal numerically controlled lathe, and at the moment, data of a female die is injected into the numerically controlled lathe, so that the linear Fresnel lens embossing female die shown in the figure 1 is machined by the female die. The other blank is processed into a horizontal smooth surface by a numerical control lathe without embossing.

Step three: a pair of processed engraved roll shafts is installed on a float glass production line, the distance between two shafts is adjusted according to the thickness of the required Fresnel lens glass, meanwhile, the engraved roll shafts are required to be placed above a smooth roll shaft, and the embossed glass pattern surface faces upwards and the smooth surface faces downwards. This is in direct contrast to conventional faceup, which facilitates subsequent glass cutting operations. Thus requiring a retrofit glass trimming process. The reason why the glass flower faces upwards is to protect a plurality of small tips in the Fresnel lens from deformation. Because of the embossing process, the intermediate press-forming ring segment is actually the process of converting the glass from the high-temperature flow state to the normal-temperature solidification state. During the process, cooling water is injected into the hollow roll shaft, the flow rate of the cooling water is carefully regulated, and the glass is gradually forced to enter a shaping state while being cooled. The glass just removed from the press mold has not yet fully cured and the small tip is particularly vulnerable to pressure deformation.

Step four: the glass which is not completely solidified just after being separated from the pressing die is required to go through a horizontal assembly line which is formed by rotating rollers and has the length of hundreds of meters, so that the purposes of gradually cooling and final solidification in a natural state are achieved.

Step five: cutting the solidified embossed glass into finished products with the sizes, stacking and warehousing.

The glass linear Fresnel lens is applied to a solar cell panel: with the attached drawings, how to save the layout of the solar cell panel and generate electricity in the same amount after the Fresnel lens is used is explained.

As shown in fig. 2a, according to the principle of lens focusing, the light energy passing through the previous focusing plane with a larger area is the same as the light energy passing through the next focusing plane with a smaller area. Therefore, conditions are created for narrowing the power generation quantity of the solar cell panel. Fig. 2b shows the solar panel after using the glass linear fresnel lens, in which 1 is a frame structure and 2 is a glass linear fresnel lens with its focal line oriented horizontally. 3 is a large area solar panel placed on the focal plane, whose area is 1/2 glass lenses. 4 is a solar panel placed on the focal plane in a smaller area, 1/4 with a glass lens, which concentrates four times the solar energy. If a small-area solar cell panel is used, the temperature resistance problem of the solar cell is considered, and a radiator can be added when the cost is appropriate.

Further applying a parallelogram link mechanism, realizing multimachine linkage tracking of the sun to generate more electricity in longitude: FIG. 3 shows a parallelogram linkage mechanism, wherein 5 is a linear Fresnel lens, the focal line is oriented perpendicular to the paper, 6 is a narrowed solar panel, the whole triangular box body can be closed by a punched triangular cover plate made of iron sheet and a thin iron sheet on the side face to protect the solar cell; 7 is the complete machine frame, 8 is the parallelogram connecting rod, 9 is the rotatable mechanism, the big black point on the picture is all, 10 is the sector gear, it is the component of the parallelogram connecting rod mechanism too, it drives the connecting rod 8, make the multimachine linkage face the sun, produce more electricity, 11 is the step motor, it drives the sector gear to rotate, the control program of the step motor, will be solidified according to the orbit of tracking the sun locally; because the sun changes slowly in the latitude direction, the hydraulic jacking rod can be manually operated to save money, and the inclination angle of the whole machine frame is lifted and put down to track the sun; or an appropriate elevation angle is selected to fix the whole machine frame, and the power generation loss is not large for the vertical-oriented linear Fresnel system.

The glass linear Fresnel lens is applied to a hot water and hot gas generator and can be arranged as shown in figure 4, wherein 15 is the glass linear Fresnel lens; 16 is a pair of aluminum profiles with glass slots; 17 is a punching iron sheet triangle box cover, the frame is fixed by the upper cover and the lower cover, and the whole triangle frame can rotate around the shaft; if the frame is not stable enough, two steel wire reinforcing ribs can be added according to 19 in the figure; in the figure, 18 is a heat exchange tube and a heat preservation tube with a gap, the heat preservation tube rotates along with a frame, the gap of the heat preservation tube always faces to the sunlight, and frame rotating shafts are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the heat exchange tube; in the figure, 12 and 13 are an upper complete machine frame and a lower complete machine frame, a cold water inlet pipe of the heat exchange tubes are arranged on the upper lines, and a hot water hot air outlet pipe of the heat exchange tubes is arranged on the lower lines; in the figure 14 is a pulling frame of a parallelogram linkage mechanism, which can be pulled to track the sun.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a solar hot water heating and cooling principle, in which 20 is a heat exchange tube, 21 and 22 are a temperature sensor and a temperature control water valve, respectively, when sunlight irradiates the heat exchange tube, the temperature control water valve is opened when the temperature in the tube rises to a set temperature, water is injected into the heat exchange tube through a water inlet 23, when no sunlight irradiates the heat exchange tube, the temperature control water valve is automatically closed when the temperature in the tube drops to the set temperature, water stored in the heat exchange tube automatically flows into an insulation can 25 after water cut off, an empty heat exchange tube cannot be cracked due to freezing, and the insulation can 25 is set to be lower than the heat exchange tube. In the figure 26 is the normal hot water outlet, if steam is used, steam is taken from 28. In the figure, 27 is a spare water replenishing port.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of data conversion between male and female molds of a linear Fresnel lens

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of reducing the layout of a solar panel by using the principle of lens condensation

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a parallelogram linkage mechanism for tracking the sun by multiple units

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a solar hot water heat gas generator with multiple units linked

FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a solar hot water heat generator

Detailed Description

Firstly, obtaining a glass linear Fresnel lens: the existing production line for producing the ultra-white glass covered on the solar cell is utilized, and the glass linear Fresnel lens can be produced instead as long as the embossing roll shaft meeting the design requirement of the linear Fresnel lens is arranged and the process of cutting the glass is slightly modified. The cost of the produced glass linear Fresnel lens is almost the same as the original cost. In order to reduce the destructive power of strong wind on a solar cell panel, a glass linear Fresnel lens is made into a narrow strip shape, namely parameters such as diameter, focal length and the like are selected during design, so that an original production line with the width of about 3 meters can accommodate a plurality of parallel linear Fresnel lenses, and the width of each linear Fresnel lens is from a few tenths of meters to a few tenths of meters.

And designing the glass frame and the rest part according to the width and the length of the obtained linear Fresnel lens according to the graph shown in figure 3. And then, selecting a proper position to place the solar cell according to the temperature resistance degree of the selected solar cell. The whole triangular box body can be sealed by adopting a punched triangular cover plate made of an iron sheet and a thin iron sheet on the side surface, so that the solar cell is protected. In order to reduce the rotation resistance, a bearing is used for a rotating shaft part, so that the power of a stepping motor for realizing multi-machine linkage to track the sun in the longitude direction is low by driving a parallelogram link mechanism. Because the change of the sun in the latitude direction is slow, the whole frame can be lifted and placed to track the sun by manually operating the hydraulic jacking rod to save money. Or an appropriate elevation angle is selected to fix the whole frame, and the power generation loss is not large for the linear Fresnel system which is vertically oriented.