阅读说明：本技术 海洋地震数据接收系统及数据处理方法 (Marine seismic data receiving system and data processing method ) 是由 裴彦良 阚光明 刘保华 李西双 于 2020-06-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种海洋地震数据接收系统和数据处理方法。数据接收系统包括具有多条地震道的地震缆及地震数据记录系统；地震道被划分为至少两种类型,包括：实道：道内设置有检波器；哑道：道内未设置有检波器；地震数据记录系统包括：数据采集单元：用于获取实道内检波器采集的实际地震波数据和哑道反馈的残缺炮集数据；数据重建单元：用于对残缺炮集数据进行重建。地震数据处理方法,地震数据记录系统记录多道地震缆数据上传的地震数据；恢复哑道活性,对哑道数据进行数据重建；将实道检波器采集的数据及哑道重建数据,作为海上地震数据。该系统和方法通过重建哑道数据,提高地震采集数据的横向分辨率,可提高地震接收系统的鲁棒性。(The invention provides a marine seismic data receiving system and a data processing method. The data receiving system comprises a seismic cable with a plurality of seismic channels and a seismic data recording system; seismic traces are divided into at least two types, including: actually, carrying out: a wave detector is arranged in the channel; and (4) dummy road: the detector is not arranged in the channel; a seismic data recording system comprising: a data acquisition unit: the method is used for acquiring actual seismic wave data acquired by a detector in an actual channel and incomplete shot gather data fed back by a dummy channel; a data reconstruction unit: and the method is used for reconstructing the incomplete shot gather data. The seismic data processing method comprises the steps that a seismic data recording system records seismic data uploaded by a plurality of seismic cable data; restoring the dummy track activity, and performing data reconstruction on the dummy track data; and taking the data collected by the real channel detector and the dummy channel reconstruction data as marine seismic data. According to the system and the method, the transverse resolution of the seismic acquisition data is improved by reconstructing the dummy track data, and the robustness of the seismic receiving system can be improved.)

1. A marine seismic data receiving system comprising a seismic cable having a plurality of seismic traces and a seismic data recording system;

the seismic traces are divided into at least two types, including:

actually, carrying out: a wave detector is arranged in the channel;

and (4) dummy road: the detector is not arranged in the channel;

the seismic data recording system includes:

a data acquisition unit: the method is used for acquiring actual seismic wave data acquired by a detector in an actual channel and incomplete shot gather data fed back by a dummy channel;

a data reconstruction unit: and the method is used for reconstructing the incomplete shot gather data.

2. The marine seismic data receiving system of claim 1, wherein the data receiving and processing system further comprises:

a quality control unit: the device comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a data transmission module, a data processing module and a data processing module, wherein the data acquisition module is used for receiving real channel and dummy channel data, acquiring real channel and dummy channel configuration of the seismic cable and generating a dummy channel configuration parameter file;

and the data reconstruction unit is further used for reconstructing the incomplete shot gather data according to the dummy channel configuration parameter file.

3. The marine seismic data receiving system of claim 1, wherein dummy traces and real traces are equally spaced, the number of dummy traces being not less than the number of real traces.

4. The marine seismic data receiving system of claim 1, wherein a plurality of geophones are disposed within the real channel, the plurality of geophones being connected in series.

5. The marine seismic data receiving system of claim 4, wherein the seismic cable comprises, in order along the length of the seismic cable, a leading section, a leading shock absorbing section, a working section, a trailing shock absorbing section, a tail cable, and a tail ring;

the actual roads adopt the following distribution:

dividing the working section of the seismic cable into N working subsections, dividing each subsection into mu small sections, and randomly arranging an actual channel at any position of the mu small sections.

6. The marine seismic data receiving system of claim 5, the seismic cable comprising data-carrying packages disposed at intervals between working subsections, each working subsection corresponding to a data-carrying package for data acquisition of the working subsection; and the data acquisition unit is in data communication with the data transmission packet.

7. The marine seismic data receiving system of claim 6, the seismic cable further comprising digital packets disposed within the working subsections, between seismic traces, for acquiring data for real and dummy traces and passing to the data transfer packets.

8. A marine seismic data processing method implemented based on the marine seismic reception system of any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:

after the offshore operation is started, the seismic data recording system records the seismic data uploaded by the plurality of seismic cable data;

recovering the dummy track activity, and performing data reconstruction on the dummy track data to reconstruct the dummy track data into defect-free shot gather data;

and reconstructing data based on the data acquired by the real channel detector and the dummy channel to serve as marine seismic data.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising the steps of: before the offshore operation starts, the seismic data recording system automatically acquires the configuration conditions of the dummy channels and the real channels of the seismic cables, generates a dummy channel configuration file, and reconstructs dummy channel data based on the dummy channel configuration file.

10. The method of claim 8, further comprising the steps of: and if the real channel in the seismic cable has a fault, configuring the fault real channel as a dummy channel.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of marine seismic exploration, in particular to a marine seismic data receiving system and a seismic data processing method.

Background

The marine multi-channel seismic exploration system mainly comprises a seismic source and a seismic signal receiving system, and an auxiliary navigation positioning system is required. The seismic source may be an air gun source, a spark source, a bomer source, or the like. The seismic signal receiving system comprises two parts, namely a marine multichannel seismic streamer and a multichannel seismic data recording system. During marine seismic operation, one or more multi-channel seismic streamers are towed in the sea water at the tail of a seismic survey ship, and the streamers are distributed in parallel along the sea surface. The multi-channel seismic streamer is towed to receive seismic reflection signals, and sound pressure signals of the seismic reflection signals are converted into digital signals and transmitted to a multi-channel seismic data recording system. The multi-channel seismic data recording system records multi-channel seismic data and displays a seismic multi-channel waveform and a channel drawing section in real time, and a user sets construction parameters such as sampling intervals, sampling points and the like of the marine multi-channel seismic streamer through the multi-channel seismic data recording system.

The trace spacing of a seismic signal receiving system is an important indicator that affects the lateral resolution of seismic exploration. The smaller the track pitch, the higher the lateral resolution. Subsurface geologic bodies with subsurface dimensions greater than half a track spacing can theoretically be resolved from offset time profiles. Traditionally, seismic receiving systems used for the exploration of marine oil and gas resources have typically a trace spacing of 25m or 12.5 m. In recent years, new marine resource exploration, such as gas hydrates, has tended to use high density seismic streamers with smaller track spacing, for example, track spacing down to 6.25m, 3.125m or less, in order to improve the lateral resolution of seismic recordings. However, under the condition of the same arrangement length, the reduction of the track spacing results in more channels and larger data transmission load of the seismic receiving system, thereby increasing the manufacturing cost of the system and reducing the robustness of the system.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a marine seismic data acquisition system and a data processing method.

In order to achieve the above object, some embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

a marine seismic data receiving system comprises a seismic cable having a plurality of seismic traces and a seismic data recording system;

the seismic traces are divided into at least two types, including:

actually, carrying out: a wave detector is arranged in the channel;

and (4) dummy road: the detector is not arranged in the channel;

the seismic data recording system includes:

a data acquisition unit: the method is used for acquiring actual seismic wave data acquired by a detector in an actual channel and incomplete shot gather data fed back by a dummy channel;

a data reconstruction unit: and the method is used for reconstructing the incomplete shot gather data.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the data receiving and processing system further comprises:

a quality control unit: the device comprises a data acquisition module, a data processing module, a data transmission module, a data processing module and a data processing module, wherein the data acquisition module is used for receiving real channel and dummy channel data, acquiring real channel and dummy channel configuration of the seismic cable and generating a dummy channel configuration parameter file;

and the data reconstruction unit is further used for reconstructing the incomplete shot gather data according to the dummy channel configuration parameter file.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the dummy tracks and the real tracks are distributed at equal intervals, and the number of the dummy tracks is not less than the number of the real tracks.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of detectors are disposed in the real channel, and the plurality of detectors are connected in series.

In some embodiments of the invention, the seismic cable comprises, in order along its length, a leading section, a leading shock absorbing section, a working section, a trailing shock absorbing section, a trailing cable and a trailing ring;

the actual distribution is as follows:

dividing the working section of the seismic cable into N working subsections, dividing each subsection into mu small sections, and randomly arranging an actual channel at any position of the mu small sections.

In some embodiments of the invention, the seismic cable comprises data transmission packets which are arranged between the working subsections at intervals, and each working subsection corresponds to one data transmission packet and is used for data acquisition of the working subsections; and the data acquisition unit is in data communication with the data transmission packet.

In some embodiments of the invention, the seismic cable further comprises digital packets disposed within the working subsections, between seismic traces, for collecting data of real and dummy traces and transferring to the data transfer packets.

In some embodiments of the present invention, there is further provided a marine seismic data processing method implemented based on any one of the above marine seismic receiving systems, including the following steps:

after the offshore operation is started, the seismic data recording system records the seismic data uploaded by the plurality of seismic cable data;

recovering the dummy track activity, and performing data reconstruction on the dummy track data to reconstruct the dummy track data into defect-free shot gather data;

and reconstructing data based on the data acquired by the real channel detector and the dummy channel to serve as marine seismic data.

In some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises the steps of: before the offshore operation starts, the seismic data recording system automatically acquires the configuration conditions of the dummy channels and the real channels of the seismic cables, generates a dummy channel configuration file, and reconstructs dummy channel data based on the dummy channel configuration file.

In some embodiments of the invention, the method further comprises the steps of: and if the real channel in the seismic cable has a fault, configuring the fault real channel as a dummy channel.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the seismic channel is divided into a real channel and a dummy channel, a detector is not arranged in the dummy channel, the seismic acquisition track distance is further compressed, dummy channel data are reconstructed through a data reconstruction method, and the transverse resolution of the seismic acquisition data is improved. Under the condition of field failure of the seismic data acquisition system, the failed seismic channel is converted into a dummy channel, so that the normal operation of the earthquake is not influenced, and the robustness of the seismic receiving system is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a marine seismic data receiving system according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a seismic cable configuration;

FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of a seismic cable work section configuration;

FIG. 3b is an enlarged partial view of a seismic cable working section;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a cable core structure;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a digital packet-to-seismic trace data transmission architecture;

FIG. 6a is a schematic diagram of a prior art seismic trace configuration;

FIG. 6b is a schematic diagram of a seismic trace configuration according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6c is a schematic diagram of a seismic trace configuration according to another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a multi-channel seismic data receiving system;

FIG. 8a is a flow chart of the operation of the data receiving system;

FIG. 8b is a flowchart of the operation of the data receiving system;

1-a plurality of seismic cables; 2-leading section; 3-a front shock absorbing section; 4-rear shock absorption section; 5-tail cable; 6-tail ring;

7-the working subsegment; 701-seismic trace; 7011-lane real; 7012-mute lane; 702-digital packets; 703-a cable core; 7301-electric power transmission cable; 7302-an inner shield layer; 7303-aramid fiber bearing layer; 7304-signal transmission cable; 7305-outer shield layer; 7306 applying a protective layer;

8-data transmission packet.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

It should be noted that the terms "connected," "communicating," and the like may refer to either direct connection or direct communication between components, or indirect connection or indirect communication between components.

The invention provides a marine seismic data receiving system which is used for acquiring and processing marine seismic data. The system can be used for reconstructing marine seismic data for application in the fields of resource exploration and the like.

The marine seismic data receiving system is realized based on a seismic cable, and the seismic cable is arranged in the sea in a ship dragging mode to acquire real-time data.

The data receiving system includes a seismic cable having a plurality of seismic traces and a seismic data recording system, and is structurally referred to in fig. 1.

The seismic cable is structurally divided into a front damping section 2, a front damping section 3, a working section and a rear damping section 4, and the structure is shown in figure 2. Besides, the data transmission package 8, the tail cable 5 and the tail ring 6 are included, and the structure is shown in fig. 2. The front segment 2 is used for towing the towline for work and signal transmission; the front damping section 3 is used for reducing vibration of the ship body to the towing cable and reducing noise; the rear shock absorption section 4 is used for balancing the towing cable and reducing the swing of the towing cable; the working section is the main body of a multi-channel seismic streamer, is composed of a plurality of working subsections 7 and mainly comprises seismic channels 701, a digital packet 702, cable cores 703 and buoyancy fillers. The cable core is shown in fig. 4 and comprises a power transmission cable 7301, an inner shielding layer 7302, an aramid fiber bearing layer 7303, a signal transmission cable 7304, an outer shielding layer 7305 and an external protection layer 7306. The aramid fiber bearing layer 7303 is woven by aramid fibers, bears the tension of a towing cable in marine operation and protects the electric power transmission cable, the signal transmission cable and the like from being stressed; the signal transmission cable 7304 is responsible for transmitting hydrophone signals and signals of control commands and states of equipment at the tail of the streamer, and can be a metal cable or an optical fiber; an inner shield layer 7302 for shielding external electromagnetic interference; the external protective layer 7306 is a waterproof wear-resistant material coating layer for protecting the cable core from external force damage, and the waterproof wear-resistant material coating layer may be a polyether polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer and may contain filler additives such as an ultraviolet absorbent and dibutyl phthalate. The power transmission cable 7301 is divided into two pairs of cables, one pair of twisted pair cables supplies power to the data transmission package, and the other pair of twisted pair cables supplies power to the tail device (tail device of the towing cable, including electric spark source, plasma source, electromechanical vibrator, electric marine vibrator, electromagnetic source, piezoelectric source, magnetostrictive source, etc.); the buoyancy filling material is solid flexible buoyancy filling material which provides buoyancy for the towing cable and configures the towing cable to be near zero buoyancy, and the solid flexible buoyancy filling material is hinge low-pressure high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and can contain filling material auxiliaries such as ultraviolet absorbers and defoaming agents.

The seismic channels are divided into at least two types according to whether the geophones are arranged in the seismic channels or not:

lane 7011: a wave detector is arranged in the channel; the detector can adopt the forms of a hydrophone, a pressure sensor, a speed sensor, an acceleration sensor and the like, and can be configured according to the detection requirement; according to the requirement, 1 or more detectors can be arranged in each real channel, and if a plurality of detectors are adopted, the detectors are connected in series;

dummy lane 7012: the detector is not arranged in the channel;

the seismic data recording system includes:

a data acquisition unit: the method is used for acquiring actual seismic wave data acquired by a detector in an actual channel and incomplete shot gather data fed back by a dummy channel;

a data reconstruction unit: the method is used for reconstructing incomplete shot gather data; in this embodiment, the data reconstruction unit is implemented based on a reconstruction server.

In the above structure, the number of the dummy traces 7012 may be 0 to 9 times the number of the real traces 7011, that is, in an extreme case, the seismic trace spacing may be compressed to 1/10;

the setting of the dummy road 7012 can compress the seismic acquisition track distance and improve the transverse resolution of seismic acquisition data, but along with the increase of the occupation ratio of the dummy road 7012, the calculation amount and difficulty of reconstructing and recovering incomplete shot gather data into non-incomplete shot gather data can be increased, and therefore the occupation ratio of the dummy road 7012 needs to be controlled within a reasonable range. In a preferred embodiment, the number of dummy traces 7012 is 1-3 times the number of real traces, and the trace spacing may be compressed to 1/2-1/4.

With further reference to FIG. 2, the active segment contains a plurality of seismic traces, and the distance between the center points of two adjacent seismic traces in the active segment is referred to as the trace spacing a; if there are multiple receivers in the seismic trace, the distance between the centers of two adjacent receivers is called the group spacing b.