Compact flow guide structure for high-voltage unit of neutron generator
阅读说明:本技术 一种用于中子发生器高压单元的紧凑型导流结构 (Compact flow guide structure for high-voltage unit of neutron generator ) 是由 陈红涛 赵芳 张凯 阮锡超 刘世龙 侯龙 龚新宝 刘邢宇 张坤 于 2020-05-26 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明属于中子发生器技术领域,具体涉及一种用于中子发生器高压单元的紧凑型导流结构,用于为中子发生器的靶电极(10)提供制冷,包括内部设有能够通过冷却液的循环流道的冷却液导流管,冷却液导流管的尾端连接靶电极(10),并向靶电极(10)提供循环的冷却液进行制冷。该紧凑型导流结构具有绝缘性能好、利于焊接、机械强度高、容易加工等特点,有益于所要安装的小型中子发生器的系统尺寸的缩小。(The invention belongs to the technical field of neutron generators, and particularly relates to a compact flow guide structure for a high-voltage unit of a neutron generator, which is used for providing refrigeration for a target electrode (10) of the neutron generator and comprises a cooling liquid flow guide pipe, wherein a circulating flow passage through which cooling liquid can pass is arranged in the cooling liquid flow guide pipe, and the tail end of the cooling liquid flow guide pipe is connected with the target electrode (10) and provides circulating cooling liquid for the target electrode (10) for refrigeration. The compact flow guide structure has the characteristics of good insulating property, high mechanical strength, easiness in processing and the like, is beneficial to the reduction of the system size of a small neutron generator to be installed and has the advantages of being good in welding performance, high in mechanical strength and the like.)
1. A compact fluidic structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator for providing refrigeration to a target electrode (10) of the neutron generator, characterized by: the cooling liquid guide pipe is internally provided with a circulating flow channel through cooling liquid, and the tail end of the cooling liquid guide pipe is connected with the target electrode (10) and provides circulating cooling liquid for refrigeration for the target electrode (10).
2. The compact fluidic structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cooling liquid guide pipe comprises an outer pipe (8) and an inner pipe (9) arranged in the outer pipe (8), the top end of the inner pipe (9) is positioned in the outer pipe (8), and a space between the inner wall of the outer pipe (8) and the outer wall of the inner pipe (9) and an inner space of the inner pipe (9) jointly form the circulating flow channel; the outer wall of the top end of the inner tube (9) is connected with the inner wall of the outer tube (8) in a sealing mode, the tail ends of the inner tube (9) and the outer tube (8) are arranged on the target electrode (10), and the outer tube (8) is connected with the target electrode (10) in a sealing mode and used for supporting the target electrode (10); the outer tube (8) and the inner tube (9) are made of quartz glass.
3. The compact fluidic structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator as claimed in claim 2, wherein: a cooling liquid channel (11) is arranged at one end of the target electrode (10), a sealed target substrate inner cavity (13) provided with a target sheet (12) is arranged inside the target electrode, the tail end of the outer tube (8) is arranged in the cooling liquid channel (11), and the outer wall of an opening at the tail end of the outer tube (8) is in sealing connection with the cooling liquid channel (11); the opening at the tail end of the inner tube (9) extends into the target base inner cavity (13).
4. The compact fluidic structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator as claimed in claim 3, wherein: still be equipped with high-voltage connecting rod (1) in target electrode (10), the end connection of high-voltage connecting rod (1) the lateral wall of target base inner chamber (13), the main part of high-voltage connecting rod (1) is run through inside inner tube (9), the top of high-voltage connecting rod (1) extends to outside the top of outer tube (8), the top of high-voltage connecting rod (1) is used for connecting high-voltage electricity.
5. The compact fluidic structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator as claimed in claim 4, wherein:
the insulation device is characterized by further comprising an insulation external thread ring (6) arranged on the outer wall of the top end of the outer pipe (8), wherein an external thread is arranged on the outer wall of the insulation external thread ring (6);
the high-voltage transformer is characterized by further comprising an insulating threaded plug (2) arranged at the top end of the outer pipe (8), the top end of the high-voltage connecting rod (1) penetrates through the insulating threaded plug (2) to extend out of the top end of the outer pipe (8), the insulating threaded plug (2) is used for plugging the top end of the outer pipe (8), and the insulating threaded plug (2) is in sealing connection with the high-voltage connecting rod (1);
the insulating screw plug is characterized by further comprising an insulating gland (3), wherein the insulating gland (3) is used for matching with the external thread of the insulating external thread ring (6) to press the insulating screw plug (2) on the top end of the outer pipe (8);
the sealing ring is characterized by further comprising a sealing ring (5) arranged between the insulating gland (3) and the insulating external thread ring (6) and used for sealing between the insulating gland (3) and the insulating external thread ring (6).
6. The compact fluidic structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the insulating threaded plug (2) and the insulating gland (3) are made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the insulating external thread ring (6) is made of organic glass.
7. The compact fluidic structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the cooling system is characterized by further comprising a cooling liquid input pipe (7), wherein one end of the cooling liquid input pipe (7) penetrates through the side wall of the outer pipe (8) to be communicated with the inner pipe (9), the other end of the cooling liquid input pipe is used for being connected with an outlet of an external circulating cooler, and the cooling liquid input pipe (7) is hermetically connected with the side wall of the outer pipe (8); the cooling system is characterized by further comprising a cooling liquid output pipe (4), one end of the cooling liquid output pipe (4) is communicated with the outer pipe (8), and the other end of the cooling liquid output pipe is used for being connected with an inlet of an external circulating cooler.
8. The compact fluidic structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the cooling liquid input pipe (7) and the cooling liquid output pipe (4) are arranged at positions close to the top end of the inner pipe (9), and the cooling liquid input pipe (7) and the cooling liquid output pipe (4) are perpendicular to the outer pipe (8) and are oppositely located on two sides of the outer pipe (8).
9. The compact fluidic structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the cooling liquid input pipe (7) and the cooling liquid output pipe (4) are made of quartz glass; the cooling liquid is fluorinated liquid.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of neutron generators, and particularly relates to a compact flow guide structure for a high-voltage unit of a neutron generator.
Background
For a small neutron generator in which an ion source is grounded, a negative high voltage is applied to a target end, and acceleration is performed by using a gap between the ion source and the target, a target sheet at the high voltage end needs to be cooled.
The target sheet is arranged on a target electrode, the voltage usually loaded on the target electrode reaches-130 kV, and the beam power on the target is more than 300W. The common method for cooling the target piece is that insulating cooling liquid is introduced from the ground potential outside a vacuum chamber and is sent to the back surface of the target piece through a guide pipe to carry out circulating cooling on the target piece, the resistance value of the cooling liquid is required to be large enough, the breakdown voltage of the cooling liquid guide pipe is required to be larger than 150kV, the creepage distance of the cooling liquid guide pipe is required to be long enough, the sealing performance of the connecting structure of the cooling liquid guide pipe, the target electrode and the vacuum chamber is required to be good, and on the premise that the high-voltage feed-in of the target electrode is not influenced, the simpler structure of the cooling liquid guide pipe is better, and.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the refrigeration requirement of the target electrode of a small neutron generator, the invention aims to provide a compact flow guide structure for insulating and cooling the target electrode (with a target sheet arranged inside) at a high-voltage end, so as to realize the insulation and cooling of the target electrode and the structural support of the target.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention adopts a technical scheme that the compact flow guide structure for the high-voltage unit of the neutron generator is used for providing refrigeration for the target electrode of the neutron generator, wherein the compact flow guide structure comprises a cooling liquid flow guide pipe, the inside of the cooling liquid flow guide pipe is provided with a circulating flow channel through which cooling liquid can pass, the tail end of the cooling liquid flow guide pipe is connected with the target electrode, and the cooling liquid circulating the target electrode is provided for refrigeration.
Further, the cooling liquid guide pipe comprises an outer pipe and an inner pipe arranged in the outer pipe, the top end of the inner pipe is positioned in the outer pipe, and a space between the inner wall of the outer pipe and the outer wall of the inner pipe and an inner space of the inner pipe jointly form the circulating flow channel; the outer wall of the top end of the inner tube is hermetically connected with the inner wall of the outer tube, the tail ends of the inner tube and the outer tube are arranged on the target electrode, and the outer tube is hermetically connected with the target electrode and used for supporting the target electrode; the outer tube and the inner tube are made of quartz glass.
Furthermore, a cooling liquid channel is arranged at one end of the target electrode, a sealed target substrate inner cavity provided with a target sheet is arranged inside the cooling liquid channel, the tail end of the outer tube is arranged in the cooling liquid channel, and the outer wall of the opening at the tail end of the outer tube is hermetically connected with the cooling liquid channel; the opening at the tail end of the inner tube extends into the target base inner cavity.
Further, still be equipped with the high-pressure connecting rod in the target electrode, the end connection of high-pressure connecting rod the lateral wall of target base inner chamber, the main part of high-pressure connecting rod runs through inside the inner tube, the top of high-pressure connecting rod extends to outside the top of outer tube, the top of high-pressure connecting rod is used for connecting high-voltage electricity.
Further, in the present invention,
the outer tube is characterized by also comprising an insulating external thread ring arranged on the outer wall of the top end of the outer tube, wherein the outer wall of the insulating external thread ring is provided with an external thread;
the insulating threaded plug is arranged at the top end of the outer tube, the top end of the high-voltage connecting rod penetrates through the insulating threaded plug and extends out of the top end of the outer tube, the insulating threaded plug is used for plugging the top end of the outer tube, and the insulating threaded plug is in sealing connection with the high-voltage connecting rod;
the insulating gland is used for matching with the external thread of the insulating external thread ring to press the insulating threaded plug on the top end of the outer tube;
the sealing ring is arranged between the insulating gland and the insulating external thread ring and used for realizing sealing between the insulating gland and the insulating external thread ring.
Further, the insulating threaded plug with the material of insulating gland is polytetrafluoroethylene, the material of insulating external screw thread ring is organic glass.
The cooling system further comprises a cooling liquid input pipe, one end of the cooling liquid input pipe penetrates through the side wall of the outer pipe to be communicated with the inner pipe, the other end of the cooling liquid input pipe is used for being connected with an outlet of an external circulating cooler, and the cooling liquid input pipe is in sealing connection with the side wall of the outer pipe; the cooling system further comprises a cooling liquid output pipe, one end of the cooling liquid output pipe is communicated with the outer pipe, and the other end of the cooling liquid output pipe is used for being connected with an inlet of an external circulating cooler.
Furthermore, the cooling liquid input pipe and the cooling liquid output pipe are arranged at positions close to the top end of the inner pipe, and the cooling liquid input pipe and the cooling liquid output pipe are perpendicular to the outer pipe and are oppositely located on two sides of the outer pipe.
Further, the cooling liquid input pipe and the cooling liquid output pipe are made of quartz glass; the cooling liquid is fluorinated liquid.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the cooling liquid guide pipe is made of quartz glass, because the quartz glass is equivalent to ceramic and polytetrafluoroethylene in insulation grade, the mechanical strength and the vacuum performance are equivalent to those of the ceramic and superior to those of the polytetrafluoroethylene, the electric breakdown voltage reaches 35kV/mm, the welding is facilitated, the mechanical strength is high, and the structure of a small-size circulating flow channel required by the cooling liquid guide pipe is easy to process. In addition, the quartz glass and the metal are easy to be bonded to form a firm whole, so that the quartz glass and the metal are easy to be connected with the target electrode in a sealing way.
2. The fluorinated liquid has good insulating property, flowing property and heat-conducting property, the three properties are superior to those of transformer oil, the flowing property is equivalent to that of water, and the heat-conducting property is inferior to that of water. No poison, odour, no volatilization and corrosion. Is an excellent insulating cooling liquid, and can reduce and simplify the system structure and volume.
3. The thickness of the insulating layer of the insulator consisting of the fluorizated liquid and the cooling liquid guide pipe (double-layer quartz glass pipe) reaches 8 mm, and the bulk breakdown voltage is more than 200 kV.
4. Since the
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a compact flow-directing structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged schematic view showing the positions of the top ends of the coolant flow guide pipes (the positions where the
FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial view of the position of the rear end of the coolant flow guide (the position where the coolant flow guide is connected to the coolant passage 11) in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-high-voltage connecting rod, 2-insulating threaded plug, 3-insulating gland, 4-cooling liquid output pipe, 5-sealing ring, 6-insulating external thread ring, 7-cooling liquid input pipe, 8-external pipe, 9-internal pipe, 10-target electrode, 11-cooling liquid channel, 12-target sheet and 13-target substrate inner cavity.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the compact flow guiding structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator provided by the invention is used for providing refrigeration for a
The
The outer diameter of the
As shown in fig. 3, a cooling
Be equipped with high-
The insulating threaded
the insulating
the insulating threaded
the
the sealing
The material of insulating screw stopper 2 and insulating
As shown in fig. 2, one end of the cooling
The cooling
The cooling
The circulation process of the cooling liquid in the compact flow guide structure for the high-voltage unit of the neutron generator provided by the invention comprises the following steps: the cooling liquid is guided into the cooling
The device according to the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described in the specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments according to the technical solutions of the present invention, and also belong to the technical innovation scope of the present invention.
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