阅读说明：本技术 一种改善火焰卫矛红叶性状并延长观赏期的栽培方法 (Cultivation method for improving red leaf character of Euonymus alatus and prolonging ornamental period ) 是由 于璐 秘洪雷 田晓明 翟彤彤 刘璐 王国强 张清 李静平 于 2020-05-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种改善火焰卫矛红叶性状并延长观赏期的栽培方法,该方法包括光照、浇水、调节土壤酸碱度、施肥,喷施植物生长调节剂、喷施波尔多液；本发明通过对火焰卫矛生长过程中各个因素的调控,可以使栽植于北方滨海盐碱地区的火焰卫矛观赏期提前到10月上旬,落叶期延迟到十一月中旬,比常规栽植方法观赏期延长约15天。此外,叶片90％以上为全红色,叶片鲜亮,极大增加了观赏性。(The invention relates to a cultivation method for improving the red leaf character of Euonymus alatus and prolonging the ornamental period, which comprises the steps of illumination, watering, soil pH value regulation, fertilization, plant growth regulator spraying and Bordeaux mixture spraying; the method can lead the ornamental period of the Euonymus alatus planted in the coastal saline and alkaline area in the north to be advanced to 10 th and the deciduous period to be delayed to the middle of eleven months by regulating and controlling all factors in the growth process of the Euonymus alatus, and the ornamental period is prolonged by about 15 days compared with the conventional planting method. In addition, more than 90% of the leaves are all red, and the leaves are bright, so that the ornamental value is greatly increased.)

1. A cultivation method for improving red leaf character of Euonymus alatus and prolonging ornamental period in coastal saline-alkali areas is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of illumination, watering, soil pH value regulation, fertilization, plant growth regulator spraying and Bordeaux mixture spraying;

1) and illumination: planting the euonymus alatus in a full-light condition; shading the flame euonymus by using a shading net in the 7-8 month afternoon at 11:00-14:00 in summer, removing the shading net in 9 months and normally illuminating;

2) watering: watering the euonymus alatus once a week in spring and summer, and spraying water to the leaf surface twice a week; manually watering the plants from the time when the leaves of the Euonymus alatus turn red, watering the plants again after the leaves turn red by more than 50%, and watering the plants once every two weeks until frozen water is watered at the bottom of 11 months in winter;

3) soil ph value: spraying a ferrous sulfate solution with the mass fraction of 1% once a month in a growth season of 3-5 months; spraying a mixed solution of ferrous sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and copper sulfate with the mass fraction of 2% every 2 weeks from 9 months;

4) fertilizing: dressing urea once in spring, wherein each plant is 30g in average; the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied once in spring and summer;

5) plant growth regulator: 300 mg/L ethephon is sprayed to the Euonymus alatus in the middle of 9 months once.

6) Spraying Bordeaux mixture to Euonymus alatus once at the end of 10 months.

2. The cultivation method for improving red leaf character and prolonging ornamental period of Euonymus alatus in coastal saline-alkali areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the volume ratio of the components in the ferrous sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and copper sulfate mixed solution is as follows: 1.5:1:1:0.2:0.1.

3. The cultivation method for improving red leaf character and prolonging ornamental period of Euonymus alatus in coastal saline-alkali areas as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer comprises 0.2 percent (mass fraction) of calcium superphosphate and 0.4 percent (mass fraction) of monopotassium phosphate.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a cultivation method for improving ornamental characters of colored-leaf plants, in particular to a cultivation method for making red leaves of Euonymus alatus in coastal saline-alkali areas redder and prolonging the ornamental period.

Background

With the development of urban gardens, greening cannot meet the requirements of people, colorization is becoming a new trend, and how to better apply colored leaf plants is becoming a problem to be solved urgently. Euonymus alatus (Euonymus alatus cv. 'Compaca'), Celastraceae, Euonymus, is a good ornamental plant with color leaves in autumn, leaves in spring and summer are dark green, leaves in autumn turn red, leaves fall when the average temperature is lower than 5 ℃ in winter, flowering phase is 5-6 months, and fruit phase is 9-11 months. The Euonymus alatus is a variety of Euonymus alatus, is a new excellent color leaf plant introduced abroad, is popular due to bright red leaves, but in garden application, the red leaves have short duration, the viewing period is only from late 10 to early 11 months, the leaves are dark red, part of the leaves are dark green, and the unique bright red of the plant cannot be completely displayed, so that the viewing property is greatly influenced.

The coastal saline-alkali soil is located in coastal low plain areas, and special geographical and climatic conditions cause the characteristics of three highs and one lown in the areas, namely high salt content of soil, high underground water level, high salinity of underground water and low altitude. The soil in the coastal region belongs to chloride saline soil and has high alkalinity. In addition, secondary salinization caused by salt dust and the like also brings great threat to the growth of plants. The euonymus alatus can be planted in saline-alkali soil through introduction and domestication, but the red leaf character of the euonymus alatus cannot be reflected due to the alkaline soil environment, so that the euonymus alatus cannot be applied to garden greening as a color-leaf plant. In addition, the early stage of fallen leaves of Euonymus alatus caused by climate and soil conditions greatly influences the application of the plant. The invention improves the red leaf character of the Euonymus alatus and prolongs the ornamental period thereof by improving the cultivation method, so that the Euonymus alatus can be widely applied to garden greening as a new superior leaf plant, and the specific application value of the plant is fully exerted.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and the leaf color of euonymus alatus is regulated and controlled by a cultivation technical means, so that the leaves are completely in bright red peculiar to plants, the ornamental period of the plants is prolonged, and the colored leaf plants with more excellent ornamental properties are provided for urban landscapes.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the invention provides a cultivation method for improving the red leaf character of Euonymus alatus and prolonging the ornamental period in coastal saline-alkali areas, which comprises the steps of illumination, watering, soil pH value regulation, fertilization, plant growth regulator spraying and Bordeaux mixture spraying;

1) and illumination: planting the euonymus alatus in a full-light condition; shading the flame euonymus by using a shading net in the 7-8 month afternoon at 11:00-14:00 in summer, removing the shading net in 9 months and normally illuminating;

2) watering: watering the euonymus alatus once a week in spring and summer, and spraying water to the leaf surface twice a week; manually watering the plants from the time when the leaves of the Euonymus alatus turn red, watering the plants again after the leaves turn red by more than 50%, and watering the plants once every two weeks until frozen water is watered at the bottom of 11 months in winter;

3) soil ph value: spraying a ferrous sulfate solution with the mass fraction of 1% once a month in a growth season of 3-5 months; spraying a mixed solution of ferrous sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and copper sulfate with the mass fraction of 2% every 2 weeks from 9 months;

4) fertilizing: dressing urea once in spring, wherein each plant is 30g in average; the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied once in spring and summer;

5) plant growth regulator: 300 mg/L ethephon is sprayed to the Euonymus alatus in the middle of 9 months once.

6) Delaying plant leaf fall: spraying Bordeaux mixture to Euonymus alatus once at the end of 10 months.

The volume ratio of the components in the ferrous sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and copper sulfate mixed solution is as follows: 1.5:1:1:0.2:0.1.

The phosphorus-potassium fertilizer comprises 0.2 percent (mass fraction) of calcium superphosphate and 0.4 percent (mass fraction) of monopotassium phosphate.

The color of the plant leaves is mainly affected by chlorophyll, carotenoid and flavonoid pigment, and anthocyanin in the flavonoid pigment is an important reason for the red color of the leaves. The relative value of the contents of chlorophyll and anthocyanin greatly influences the color of the colored-leaf plants, and the synthesis of the pigment is greatly influenced by the external environment. The invention is based on the color generation principle of red leaves of color-leaf plants, and the leaf color is regulated and controlled by a cultivation method.

The invention optimizes each influence factor in the plant growth process such as illumination, moisture, soil, fertilizer, plant growth regulation and the like, so that the ornamental period of the euonymus alatus lasts more than 30 days, and the leaves are bright red, thereby fully displaying the unique ornamental characters of the plants.

1) Illumination: the planting environment of euonymus alatus is preferably full-light, but proper shading is needed in 7-8 months in summer, because the high temperature can cause the degradation of anthocyanin. Sufficient light is required to be provided to the plants at the beginning of 9 months, so that the leaves can be promoted to turn red upwards, because the sufficient light can make anthocyanin dominate chlorophyll, so that the leaves are red.

All key enzymes for synthesizing anthocyanin are photomodulase, so illumination is an important condition for color generation of red leaves. The invention reduces the direct sunlight temperature by shading the Euonymus alatus with a shading net during the 11:00-14:00 noon in summer (7-8 months) to ensure the storage of anthocyanin. The autumn of 9 months begins to ensure the illumination requirement of the plants so as to promote the synthesis of anthocyanin.

2) Watering: the normal water demand of plants is guaranteed in spring and summer, and when the plants are watered, besides root soil, leaf surface is sprayed with water, and the air environment with higher humidity is favorable for chlorophyll degradation and anthocyanin synthesis. Proper drought stress is required to be carried out on the Euonymus alatus when the leaves turn red in autumn, and the proper drought stress (mainly dry soil conditions) can reduce the chlorophyll content of the Euonymus alatus and promote the synthesis of anthocyanidin, so that the red turning time of the Euonymus alatus leaves is advanced.

Preferably, the watering amount of the plants in different growing seasons is optimized, the normal watering amount of the plants is guaranteed in spring and summer, the plants are watered once per week on average, the leaves are sprayed except for the soil roots, the higher humidity is kept, the plants are not watered manually from the time when the leaves of the Euonymus alatus turn red until more than 50% of the leaves turn red. Watering every two weeks in the later period until the water is frozen.

3. Soil pH value: the soil acidification treatment can advance the occurrence time of the leaf color of autumn, prolong the length of the full color change period of the leaves of autumn plants, improve the quality of the leaf color and increase the red purity of the leaves.

In the invention, preferably, a ferrous sulfate solution with the mass fraction of 1% is sprayed once a month in the spring growth season (3-5 months). Spraying a mixed solution of ferrous sulfate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and copper sulfate (the volume ratio is 1.5:1:1:0.2:0.1) with the mass fraction of 2% every 2 weeks for 9 months. The invention is preferably applied at a concentration and frequency that is too high or too frequent to cause leaf reaction and burn-like spotting. In addition, the potassium element can promote the color generation of the colored leaf plants, and the trace elements of iron, magnesium, zinc and copper can promote the formation of anthocyanin.

4. Fertilizing: nitrogen fertilizer is applied sparingly, because nitrogen element can cause rapid growth of green tissues and influence red leaves, and moderate nitrogen deficiency can increase anthocyanin content. The phosphorus-potassium fertilizer plays a role in promoting the color development of the leaves of the Euonymus alatus.

Preferably, the present invention optimizes the composition of the fertilizer. Urea was applied once in spring, with an average of 30g per plant. The fertilizer is applied once in spring and summer, wherein 0.2 percent (mass fraction) of calcium superphosphate and 0.4 percent (mass fraction) of monopotassium phosphate are added.

5. Plant growth regulator: the growth regulator can trigger the synthesis of anthocyanin, but the difference of the application species and the concentration greatly influences the early and late fallen leaves of the plant. In view of the above, the invention tests that 300-400mg/L ethephon can not cause early leaf drop of leaves, but also can improve leaf color and increase red purity and brightness of leaves.

6. Delaying plant leaf falling: the degradation of the green color of the leaves has a promoting effect on the reddening of the leaves of the plant, but can also accelerate the senescence of the leaves, resulting in the premature withering of the leaves. The Bordeaux mixture is sprayed at the later growth stage of plants and 10 months later, so that leaves can be effectively protected, the falling of leaves is delayed, and the color of red leaves cannot be influenced.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

by regulating and controlling various factors in the growth process of the Euonymus alatus, the ornamental period of the Euonymus alatus planted in the coastal saline and alkaline area in the north can be advanced to 10 days, the leaf fall period is delayed to the middle of eleven months, and the ornamental period is prolonged by about 15 days compared with that of the conventional planting method. In addition, more than 90% of the leaves are all red, and the leaves are bright, so that the ornamental value is greatly increased.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.