阅读说明：本技术 一种北方抗寒柑橘的培育方法 (Method for cultivating cold-resistant citrus in north ) 是由 周林 于 2020-05-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种北方抗寒柑橘的培育方法,培育方法包括以下步骤：北方驯化改良柑橘树,采用枳为根,选用柑橘枝条作为接穗,将接穗嫁接于枳的形成层,嫁接后,当接穗长出新梢后,选取枝条保留用作永久枝进行培育,去除生长情况较差的枝条,待伤口愈合后,即可培育出北方抗寒柑橘,北方生长的枳与南方生长的橘子、橙子、柚子等橘科植物在植物分类学上是同科同属而不同种的木本植物,将柑橘接穗嫁接于枳树上具有很强的亲和力；将柑橘接穗嫁接于枳树砧木的形成层上,伤口愈合速度快；由于枳能够在寒冷的北方生长,与橘子成功嫁接后,不经过驯化和改良,露天也能生长,严寒天气只做简易防寒即可。(The invention discloses a method for cultivating northern cold-resistant oranges, which comprises the following steps: domesticating and improving citrus trees in the north, adopting a hovenia dulcis as a root, selecting a citrus branch as a scion, grafting the scion to a cambium of the hovenia dulcis, selecting the branch to be reserved as a permanent branch for cultivation after the scion grows a new tip after grafting, removing the branch with poorer growth condition, cultivating cold-resistant citrus in the north after a wound is healed, wherein the hovenia dulcis growing in the north and citrus plants growing in the south belong to the same family but different species in plant taxonomy, and the citrus scion has strong affinity when being grafted to the hovenia dulcis; the citrus scions are grafted on the cambium of the trifoliate tree stock, so that the wound healing speed is high; the trifoliate orange can grow in the cold north, and can grow outdoors without domestication and improvement after being successfully grafted with the orange, so that the trifoliate orange can simply prevent cold in severe cold weather.)

1. A method for cultivating cold-resistant citrus in north is characterized in that: the method for cultivating the northern cold-resistant citrus comprises the following steps:

s1: domesticating and improving citrus trees in the north, wherein the soil of the citrus trees is not improved for two years before the seedlings are planted, the temperature in winter can not be lower than-5 ℃, a cellar initial breeding method is adopted, then cold protection and heat preservation are carried out, the planting is changed to be carried out on the ground in the third year, the lowest temperature can not be lower than-8 ℃, the lowest temperature in the fourth year can not be lower than-10 ℃, the lowest temperature in the fifth year can not be lower than-12 ℃, citrus trees basically adapt to low-temperature closing in the north in the sixth year, and the quality of the survival and the shelving of the citrus seedlings;

s2: the citrus branches growing in the north are taken as roots, the citrus branches successfully domesticated and improved for more than five years of age are taken as scions, and grafting is completed within 4-8 h after the scions leave the trees;

s3: grafting the scion to a cambium at the top of the trifoliate orange, carrying out open-air grafting, adopting a grafting method of branch grafting, and protecting the scion and a grafting interface through a sealed protection bag after grafting;

s4: after the scion grows a new shoot, selecting a strong and luxuriant branch to be reserved as a permanent branch for cultivation, and removing the branch with poor growth condition;

s5: after grafting is finished, after the wound is healed, the northern cold-resistant citrus can be cultivated.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the method for ensuring that the citrus seedlings are not frozen in the low-temperature environment in the step S1 comprises the following steps: when the citrus seedlings are domesticated and improved, plant ash is sprayed first and quicklime is sprayed for several times in 4-5 years continuously from late autumn to early winter every year, and the tree vigor is controlled to be vigorous and cannot grow excessively.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: when the cultivation is performed by using the cellar initial culture method in the step S1, the depth of the cellar is 1.4m-1.6 m.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the scion in the step S2 needs to be processed as follows: selecting branches 30-50 cm away from the top of branch buds of the citrus trees, cutting the branches to 10-15 cm in length, taking out branches and leaves on the branches, and ensuring the moisture preservation of the branches.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: and in the process of cultivating the cold-resistant oranges in the north, pest and disease prevention treatment is carried out, and flower thinning and fruit thinning treatment are carried out in time.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of northern cold-resistant oranges, in particular to a method for cultivating northern cold-resistant oranges.

Background

Citrus plants belonging to the genus Rutaceae. The nature likes warm and humid climate, and the cold resistance is slightly stronger than that of pomelo, lime and sweet orange. The Citrus subfamily of Rutaceae is distributed between 16 DEG and 37 DEG north latitude. Is a tropical and subtropical evergreen fruit tree (except for trifoliate orange), and is used for economic cultivation of 3 genera: poncirus, Citrus, and Poncirus. Citrus grown in china and other countries of the world is predominantly of the genus citrus. The citrus grows normally in the south, belongs to fruits in the south, and the economic cultivation area of the citrus in China is mainly concentrated between 20 degrees and 33 degrees and has the elevation below 700 meters to 1000 meters.

The invention aims at the prior art to improve, and the invention has a saying that the orange is grown in south China and is the orange in north China, because the growth of the root system of the orange needs the temperature and the soil water potential higher than 13 ℃, the root system stops growing in the freezing or drought season and can not absorb nutrients, the cold resistance of the orange is poor, and the existing orange feels that the water head of the orange is insufficient after being transported to north China and the taste is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating cold-resistant citrus in north, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a method for cultivating northern cold-resistant oranges comprises the following steps:

s1: domesticating and improving citrus trees in the north, wherein the soil of the citrus trees is not improved for two years before the seedlings are planted, the temperature in winter can not be lower than-5 ℃, a cellar initial breeding method is adopted, then cold protection and heat preservation are carried out, the planting is changed to be carried out on the ground in the third year, the lowest temperature can not be lower than-8 ℃, the lowest temperature in the fourth year can not be lower than-10 ℃, the lowest temperature in the fifth year can not be lower than-12 ℃, citrus trees basically adapt to low-temperature closing in the north in the sixth year, and the quality of the survival and the shelving of the citrus seedlings;

s2: the citrus branches growing in the north are taken as roots, the citrus branches successfully domesticated and improved for more than five years of age are taken as scions, and grafting is completed within 4-8 h after the scions leave the trees;

s3: grafting the scion to a cambium at the top of the trifoliate orange, carrying out open-air grafting, adopting a grafting method of branch grafting, and protecting the scion and a grafting interface through a sealed protection bag after grafting;

s4: after the scion grows a new shoot, selecting a strong and luxuriant branch to be reserved as a permanent branch for cultivation, and removing the branch with poor growth condition;

s5: after grafting is finished, after the wound is healed, the northern cold-resistant citrus can be cultivated.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the method for ensuring that the citrus seedlings are not frozen in the low-temperature environment in the step S1 comprises the following steps: when the citrus seedlings are domesticated and improved, plant ash is sprayed first and quicklime is sprayed for several times in 4-5 years continuously from late autumn to early winter every year, and the tree vigor is controlled to be vigorous and cannot grow excessively.

As a still further scheme of the invention: when the cultivation is performed by using the cellar initial culture method in the step S1, the depth of the cellar is 1.4m-1.6 m.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the scion in the step S2 needs to be processed as follows: selecting branches 30-50 cm away from the top of branch buds of the citrus trees, cutting the branches to 10-15 cm in length, taking out branches and leaves on the branches, and ensuring the moisture preservation of the branches.

As a still further scheme of the invention: and in the process of cultivating the cold-resistant oranges in the north, pest and disease prevention treatment is carried out, and flower thinning and fruit thinning treatment are carried out in time.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the method, cold-resistant citrus plants such as trifoliate orange are selected as stocks, and the trifoliate orange growing in the north and citrus plants such as tangerine, orange and grapefruit growing in the south are woody plants of the same family and different species in plant taxonomy, so that the citrus scions are grafted to the trifoliate orange trees and have strong affinity; the citrus scions are grafted on the cambium of the trifoliate tree stock, so that the wound healing speed is high; the trifoliate orange can grow in the cold north, and after the trifoliate orange is successfully grafted with the trifoliate orange, the trifoliate orange can grow in the open air without domestication and improvement and at room temperature, and only simple cold protection can be performed in severe cold weather.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.