阅读说明：本技术 一种露地培育闽楠容器壮苗的方法 (Method for cultivating strong seedlings of phoebe bournei in open field in container ) 是由 曹晓平 伍艳芳 刘尖 彭勇 杨森兴 周君 陈慧 黄宇潮 吴永光 刘国平 江斌 于 2020-06-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明实施例公开了一种露地培育闽楠容器壮苗的方法,属于植物培育技术领域。所述培育方法包括圃地选择；整地作床；基质配方；选苗、套袋与摆放；填土埋袋；水肥管理；修剪；移苗断根；低温防冻；常规抚育管理与病虫害防治。本发明可有效解决闽楠1年生小苗在露地条件下遭受强光照射、高温干旱以及低温冻害等技术难题,培育的2年生闽楠容器苗,顶芽饱满、叶色翠绿、树干挺直,而且由于露地培育充足的全光照,使得苗木光合产物偏向于地下部分分配,地径、根系指标增大,根冠比上升,与现有技术相比,苗木质量得到更大提升；采用本发明技术培育容器壮苗,成本低廉,当年即可出圃造林,极大缩短了生产周期,利于生产推广与快速育苗。(The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for cultivating strong seedlings of a phoebe bournei container in open field, belonging to the technical field of plant cultivation. The cultivation method comprises nursery selection; preparing soil and making a bed; a matrix formula; selecting seedlings, bagging and placing; burying a bag in soil; managing water and fertilizer; trimming; transplanting seedlings and cutting roots; freezing prevention at low temperature; conventional tending management and pest control. The method can effectively solve the technical problems that 1-year-old young seedlings of the phoebe bournei suffer from strong light irradiation, high-temperature drought, low-temperature freeze damage and the like under the open field condition, the cultivated 2-year-old phoebe bournei container seedlings have plump terminal buds, emerald leaves and straight trunks, and due to sufficient full light irradiation of the open field cultivation, the photosynthetic products of the seedlings are distributed in a manner of being biased to the underground part, the ground diameter and root system indexes are increased, the root cap ratio is increased, and compared with the prior art, the seedling quality is greatly improved; the container strong seedlings cultivated by the technology of the invention have low cost, can be used for outplanted afforestation in the same year, greatly shorten the production period, and are beneficial to production popularization and rapid seedling cultivation.)

1. A method for cultivating a container strong seedling of Phoebe bournei in open field is characterized in that the cultivation method comprises nursery field selection; preparing soil and making a bed; a matrix formula; selecting seedlings, bagging and placing; burying a bag in soil; managing water and fertilizer; trimming; transplanting seedlings and cutting roots; freezing prevention at low temperature; conventional tending management and pest control; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

1) selecting a nursery land: selecting a cultivation land which is leeward and sunny, convenient for traffic, convenient for irrigation and drainage and has a fertile soil layer in plain or valley areas as a nursery land;

2) soil preparation and bed making: soil preparation is carried out in autumn or winter, soil layers are deeply ploughed to 30 +/-2 cm, then the harrows are shallowly ploughed and finely ploughed in next spring, and high-efficiency low-toxicity broad-spectrum insecticidal bactericide is used for soil disinfection; leveling the nursery land, then making a low bed, wherein the bed surface width is 1.2 +/-0.2 m, the seedbed depth is 10 +/-2 cm, the footpath width is 30-40 cm, the depth is 10-15 cm, and deep grooves are formed in the periphery of the nursery land;

3) the matrix formula is as follows: yellow core soil or forest surface soil: organic fertilizer: the volume ratio of the peat soil to the soil is 5: 3: 2, mixing, and then adding 3.0 +/-0.5 kg of low-phosphorus slow-release fertilizer into each cubic meter of the mixture;

4) selecting seedlings, bagging and placing: selecting a 1-year-old container for strengthening seedlings before germination in spring, bagging and filling the substrate by adopting a beauty planting bag, putting the bagged seedlings on a seedling bed immediately, and meeting the requirements of seedling placement: 6 containers in the first row are separated by 5cm, 5 containers in the second row are arranged next to the previous row in a staggered finished product shape, 6 containers in the third row are arranged next to the second row in a staggered finished product shape, and the operation is repeated;

5) filling soil and burying bags: when the nursery stocks are placed, filling the nursery land surface soil stacked on the footpath into gaps among the container bags, wherein the thickness of the burying bags is 2/3-3/4 of the height of the burying bags, and compacting the burying bags appropriately;

6) and (3) water and fertilizer management: after the nursery stocks are put well, timely watering the nursery stocks thoroughly, then performing field irrigation at irregular intervals according to weather and seedbed conditions, keeping the matrix wet for a long time, properly increasing the water content of the soil in high-temperature seasons in summer, and controlling the water content after the nursery stocks enter autumn and winter; watering and topdressing in due time in the fast growth period of the nursery stock;

7) trimming: cutting off dead leaves, lateral branches and sprout tillers below a trunk 1/3 in time in the growing period;

8) transplanting seedlings and cutting roots: moving the container bag for 1 time when the seedling in autumn enters a dormant period, cutting off the root system extending out of the container, and then putting back to the seedbed;

9) and (3) low-temperature antifreezing: spraying a salicylic acid solution with the concentration of 10mmol/L on the leaf surface 1-2 days before frost low temperature comes, wherein the application amount is based on the drop of the leaf solution; preferably, the frozen water is poured 2 to 3 days before freezing;

10) and in the whole cultivation period, conventional tending management and pest control are carried out according to the existing container seedling cultivation technology of the phoebe bournei.

2. The method for outdoor cultivation of phoebe bournei container strong seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the steps of seedling selection, bagging and placement, the quality requirement of the 1-year-old container strong seedlings is as follows: the height of the seedling is more than 30cm, the ground diameter is more than 0.3cm, the terminal bud is plump, the leaf color is normal, the seedling is straight and straight, and the root system is developed.

3. The method for open field cultivation of strong seedlings of phoebe bournei containers according to claim 1, wherein in the steps of seedling selection, bagging and placing, the specification of the bagging and planting bag container is 15cm x 15 cm.

4. The method for outdoor cultivation of sound seedlings of phoebe bournei in containers according to claim 1, wherein the method for watering and timely topdressing in the fast growth period of the seedlings is as follows: in the early stage, water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied, and the concentration is preferably 1 mol/L; in the later period, water soluble compound fertilizer containing phosphorus and potassium elements is applied mainly, and 0.3% concentration potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution is preferably applied by matrix spraying or foliage spraying.

5. The method for outdoor cultivation of strong seedlings of phoebe bournei containers according to claim 1, wherein the high-efficiency low-toxicity broad-spectrum insecticidal bactericide comprises formalin, ferrous sulfate and carbendazim.

Technical Field

The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating strong container seedlings of Phoebe bournei in open field.

Background

Phoebeboerunei (Hemsl.) Yang is commonly called as nanmu, also called as golden silk nanmu, belongs to Lauraceae, and belongs to evergreen broad-leaf arbor of nanmu, which is the second-level main cultivation precious tree species in China. The phoebe bournei wood is straight and round, has beautiful texture, delicate structure, tough and unbreakable texture and non-decaying fragrance, and is a superior wood for buildings, furniture and sculptures; the Phoebe bournei has beautiful tree shape, luxuriant branches and leaves, and unfolded tree crown, has the functions of sound insulation, insect expelling, air purification and the like, and is widely applied to garden viewing and landscaping. Therefore, the method for vigorously cultivating the phoebe bournei resources has wide application prospect and good economic and ecological benefits.

Long-term production practice proves that the bare-rooted seedlings and container seedlings of the 1-year-old phoebe bournei are adopted for mountain afforestation, and the capability of resisting severe environmental conditions in the nature is poor due to weak root systems and small plants, so that the afforestation survival rate is low and the growth quantity is small; and the more than 2 years old container strong seedlings of the phoebe bournei are adopted for afforestation, so that the survival rate can be improved, the tending cost can be saved, and the stand quality can be improved. Therefore, the more than 2-year-old container strong seedlings of the phoebe bournei are widely applied in the standardized technology. The prior art cultivates more than 2 years old phoebe bournei container strong seedlings and begins from sowing the seedling culture mostly, in order to prevent that the less than 2 years old phoebe bournei nursery stock from suffering high temperature sunburning and low temperature freeze injury, all adopt the facility of setting up the shady canopy and installing the sprinkling irrigation at present to cultivate, so not only increased the cost of growing seedlings, production cycle is also longer, is unfavorable for the production and popularization.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and discloses a method for cultivating strong seedlings of a phoebe bournei container in an open field.

In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

a method for cultivating a container strong seedling of Phoebe bournei in open field is characterized in that the cultivation method comprises nursery field selection; preparing soil and making a bed; a matrix formula; selecting seedlings, bagging and placing; burying a bag in soil; managing water and fertilizer; trimming; transplanting seedlings and cutting roots; freezing prevention at low temperature; conventional tending management and pest control; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

1) selecting a nursery land: selecting a cultivation land which is leeward and sunny, convenient for traffic, convenient for irrigation and drainage and has a fertile soil layer in plain or valley areas as a nursery land;

2) soil preparation and bed making: soil preparation is carried out in autumn or winter, soil layers are deeply ploughed by 30 +/-2 cm, and in next spring, high-efficiency low-toxicity broad-spectrum insecticidal bactericide is used for soil disinfection; leveling the nursery land, then making a low bed, wherein the bed surface width is 1.2 +/-0.2 m, the seedbed depth is 10 +/-2 cm, the footpath width is 30-40 cm, the depth is 10-15 cm, and deep grooves are formed in the periphery of the nursery land;

3) the matrix formula is as follows: yellow core soil or forest surface soil: organic fertilizer: the volume ratio of the peat soil to the soil is 5: 3: 2, adding 3.0 plus or minus 0.5kg of low-phosphorus slow-release fertilizer into each cubic meter of the mixture;

4) selecting seedlings, bagging and placing: selecting a 1-year-old container for strengthening seedlings before germination in spring, bagging and filling the substrate by adopting a beauty planting bag, putting the bagged seedlings on a seedling bed immediately, and meeting the requirements of seedling placement: 6 containers in the first row are separated by 5cm, 5 containers in the second row are arranged next to the previous row in a staggered finished product shape, 6 containers in the third row are arranged next to the second row in a staggered finished product shape, and the operation is repeated;

5) filling soil and burying bags: when the nursery stocks are placed, filling the nursery land surface soil stacked on the footpath into gaps among the container bags, wherein the thickness of the burying bags is 2/3-3/4 of the height of the burying bags, and compacting the burying bags appropriately;

6) and (3) water and fertilizer management: after the nursery stocks are put well, timely watering the nursery stocks thoroughly, then performing field irrigation at irregular intervals according to weather and seedbed conditions, keeping the matrix wet for a long time, properly increasing the water content of the soil in high-temperature seasons in summer, and controlling the water content after the nursery stocks enter autumn and winter; watering and topdressing in due time in the fast growth period of the nursery stock;

7) trimming: cutting off dead leaves, lateral branches and sprout tillers below a trunk 1/3 in time in the growing period;

8) transplanting seedlings and cutting roots: in the dormancy stage of the autumn nursery stock, moving the container bag for 1 time, cutting off the root system extending out of the container, and then putting the container bag back to the seedbed;

9) and (3) low-temperature antifreezing: spraying a salicylic acid solution with the concentration of 10mmol/L on the leaf surface 1-2 days before frost low temperature comes, wherein the application amount is based on the drop of the leaf solution; preferably, the frozen water is poured 2 to 3 days before freezing;

10) and in the whole cultivation period, conventional tending management and pest control are carried out according to the existing container seedling cultivation technology of the phoebe bournei.

Further, in the steps of selecting seedlings, bagging and placing, the requirement of the 1-year-old container for strong seedlings is as follows: the height of the seedling is more than 30cm, the ground diameter is more than 0.3cm, the terminal bud is full, the seedling is straight and straight, and the root system is developed.

Further, in the steps of selecting seedlings, bagging and placing, a beautiful planting bag with the specification of 15cm multiplied by 15cm is selected for bagging.

Furthermore, watering and timely topdressing should be matched in the seedling growth fast growth period, water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied in the early period, and the concentration is preferably 1 mol/L; in the later period, water soluble compound fertilizer containing phosphorus and potassium elements is applied mainly, and 0.3% concentration potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution is preferably applied by matrix spraying or foliage spraying.

Further, the high-efficiency low-toxicity broad-spectrum insecticidal bactericide comprises formalin, ferrous sulfate and carbendazim.

The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:

the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:

1) according to the method, 1-year-old container strong seedlings are selected as transplanted seedlings, and matched technical measures are combined, so that the technical problems that 1-year-old young seedlings of the phoebe bournei are subjected to strong light irradiation, high-temperature sunburn, low-temperature freezing damage and the like under the open-field condition can be effectively solved, the top buds of the cultivated 2-year-old phoebe bournei container seedlings are plump, the leaves are emerald green, the trunk of the cultivated phoebe bournei seedlings is straight, due to sufficient full light of the open-field cultivation, the photosynthetic products of the nursery stocks are distributed in a biased manner to the underground part, the ground diameter and root system indexes are increased, the root cap ratio is increased, and compared with.

2) The container strong seedlings cultivated by the technology of the invention have low cost, can be used for outplanted afforestation in the same year, greatly shorten the production period, and are beneficial to production popularization and rapid seedling cultivation.

Detailed Description

The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.