阅读说明：本技术 一种高产稳产的无花果种植方法 (High-yield and stable-yield fig planting method ) 是由 龙兵武 于 2020-06-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种高产稳产的无花果种植方法,它包括以下步骤：1)选择合适种植场地；2)开挖定植坑,按比例将农家肥与含磷钾的化学肥混合拌匀后填于定植坑内；3)按照行株距离1.5×2米进行定植移栽；4)生长期每月施肥,其中氮磷钾按重量0.5：1：1的比例混合拌匀后施撒；定期对树枝进行修剪整形；5)改善通风透光条件,做好清扫果园工作,采用稻草人缚彩条驱赶鸟类,及时扑捉桑田牛或药物灭虫卵；6)见已成熟的果实顶端有一小孔微开,开始采摘；它采用遵循无花果的生长规律对其生长不同阶段实施科学的管理,成活率高,生长速度快,从而达到提高无花果产量和品质的目的,整体工艺简单,作业方便,成本低廉；它广泛适用于无花果种植配套使用。(The invention provides a high-yield and stable-yield fig planting method, which comprises the following steps of: 1) selecting a proper planting field; 2) excavating a planting pit, mixing and uniformly stirring farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer containing phosphorus and potassium according to a proportion, and filling the mixture into the planting pit; 3) transplanting according to the row-plant distance of 1.5 multiplied by 2 meters; 4) fertilizing monthly in the growth period, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are added according to the weight ratio of 0.5: 1: 1, uniformly mixing and then spreading; regularly pruning and shaping the branches; 5) improving ventilation and light transmission conditions, well cleaning an orchard, adopting a scarecrow to bind color strips to repel birds, and catching the eggs of the mulberries or the drug killed insects in time; 6) picking when the top of the mature fruit is slightly open; the growth rule of the fig is followed to carry out scientific management on different growth stages of the fig, the survival rate is high, the growth speed is high, and therefore the purpose of improving the yield and the quality of the fig is achieved, the overall process is simple, the operation is convenient, and the cost is low; it is widely suitable for fig planting and matching use.)

1. A high-yield and stable-yield fig planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) site selection: selecting a plot which is free of pollution, rich in water resource, flat in terrain, long in sunshine time and good in ventilation as a planting field;

2) site arrangement: excavating planting pits with the diameter of 0.4-0.6 m, wherein the depth of each planting pit is 0.5-0.7 m, uniformly mixing and filling decomposed farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer containing phosphorus and potassium in the planting pits according to the proportion of 5:1, and filling 5-10 kg of fertilizer in each pit;

3) planting management: in 2-3 months every year, selecting robust seedlings to be transplanted into a planting pit, planting and transplanting according to the row-plant distance of 1.5 multiplied by 2 meters, righting the seedlings and vertically planting in the center of the pit, watering sufficient root fixing water after planting, enabling root systems to be tightly bonded with soil on the basis of soil moisture saturation, and covering a layer of loose covering;

4) and (3) growth management: paying attention to fertilizer and water management, and applying the fertilizer to young trees in a thin and thin mode, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly used, and 1-3 kg/plant of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied every month in the growth period, wherein the weight of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is 0.5: 1: 1, uniformly mixing and then spreading the mixture around the tree root; loosening soil regularly, removing weeds around the roots of the trees, and pruning and shaping the branches regularly;

5) disease and pest control: reasonably trimming and improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions; cleaning the orchard well in winter, cutting off insect-pest branches and withered and dead branches, and removing the dead fruits; in the aspect of prevention, the color strips bound by the scarecrow are adopted to repel birds in the orchard, and the mulberry field cattle are manually caught or the eggs are killed by the pesticide, so that the harm to fruit trees is reduced;

6) harvesting in due time: the fig is ripe from 7 middle ten days and in 11 months, the fig is generally picked in the morning or evening of sunny days, when the top of ripe fruit has a small hole and the color of the inherent variety (mostly red and yellow variety) appears on the peel, the fig is picked, and the over-ripe fruit is not resistant to storage and transportation after being picked.

2. The high-yield and stable-yield fig planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), a pruning mode of a multi-main-branch natural open heart shape is adopted during pruning of the saplings, 3-5 main branches are reserved and cultured in the whole plant, no side branch is left, the height of the main branches is raised, multiple branches are promoted, and the purpose of rapidly expanding crowns is achieved.

3. The method for planting high and stable yield of fig according to claim 2, wherein the step 4) comprises grabbing multiple cultured branch groups at the initial fruit stage so as to promote the formation of a certain yield; culturing bone trunk branches during full bearing period, timely renewing large and medium branch groups, shearing weak branch groups, and culturing main branches and branch groups again by using tillers or hidden buds on the base or branches for tree shape aging or serious pest and disease damage.

4. The method for planting high-yield and stable-yield figs according to claim 3, wherein in the step 4), after the trunk is shaped, dense branches, insect-disease branches and dead branches are pruned every year, thinning is mainly performed by soft pruning, the growth balance among the main branches is adjusted, 2-3 buds can be cut off from the resulting branches, and the rest branches are all thinned.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a fruit tree planting technology, in particular to a high-yield and stable-yield fig planting method.

Background

Ficus carica is a flowering plant belonging to the genus Ficus of the family Moraceae and belonging to the subtropical deciduous small tree; the fig is in a bulbous shape, the tail part is provided with a small hole, the fig contains rich nutrient substances necessary for the growth and development of human bodies, and meanwhile, the fig is popular with people due to good taste, and the fig can be processed into dried fruits, preserved fruits, jam, fruit juice, fruit tea, fruit wine, beverages, cans and the like besides fresh food and medicine; the dried fig contains no chemical additive, and has thick and sweet taste; the fig juice and the beverage have unique fresh fragrance, promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst and are suitable for the old and the young; the fig tree has luxuriant branches and leaves, is elegant in tree shape, has better ornamental value, and is a good garden and courtyard greening ornamental tree species; the fig can bear fruit in the same year after being generally transplanted, higher yield can be obtained in the second year, the fig can be grown into a garden in three years and enters the full fruit period, the economic life can be continued for decades, and therefore, the economic benefit for planting the fig is considerable.

At present, fig planting is limited by planting technology mainly by the planting experience of fruit growers, so that fig grows slowly, the fruit yield is low, the quality problems of color change, deformity and the like of fruit bodies are more, the economic income of the fruit growers is greatly influenced, and the large-scale planting production of fig is limited.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above situation, the present invention aims to provide a high-yield and stable-yield fig planting method, which adopts the growth rule of fig to implement scientific management on different growth stages, has high survival rate and high growth speed, and thus achieves the purpose of improving the yield and quality of fig.

In order to realize the aim, the fig planting method with high and stable yield comprises the following steps:

1) site selection: selecting a plot which is free of pollution, rich in water resource, flat in terrain, long in sunshine time and good in ventilation as a planting field;

2) site arrangement: excavating planting pits with the diameter of 0.4-0.6 m, wherein the depth of each planting pit is 0.5-0.7 m, uniformly mixing and filling decomposed farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer containing phosphorus and potassium in the planting pits according to the proportion of 5:1, and filling 5-10 kg of fertilizer in each pit;

3) planting management: in 2-3 months every year, selecting robust seedlings to be transplanted into a planting pit, planting and transplanting according to the row-plant distance of 1.5 multiplied by 2 meters, righting the seedlings and vertically planting in the center of the pit, watering sufficient root fixing water after planting, enabling root systems to be tightly bonded with soil on the basis of soil moisture saturation, and covering a layer of loose covering;

4) and (3) growth management: paying attention to fertilizer and water management, and applying the fertilizer to young trees in a thin and thin mode, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly used, and 1-3 kg/plant of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied every month in the growth period, wherein the weight of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is 0.5: 1: 1, uniformly mixing and then spreading the mixture around the tree root; loosening soil regularly, removing weeds around the roots of the trees, and pruning and shaping the branches regularly;

5) disease and pest control: reasonably trimming and improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions; cleaning the orchard well in winter, cutting off insect-pest branches and withered and dead branches, and removing the dead fruits; in the aspect of prevention, the color strips bound by the scarecrow are adopted to repel birds in the orchard, and the mulberry field cattle are manually caught or the eggs are killed by the pesticide, so that the harm to fruit trees is reduced;

6) harvesting in due time: the fig is ripe from 7 middle ten days and in 11 months, the fig is generally picked in the morning or evening of sunny days, when the top of ripe fruit has a small hole and the color of the inherent variety (mostly red and yellow variety) appears on the peel, the fig is picked, and the over-ripe fruit is not resistant to storage and transportation after being picked.

In order to realize the optimization of the process and the effect, the further measures are as follows: and in the step 4), when young trees are pruned, a pruning mode of naturally opening heart shapes of multiple main branches is adopted, 3-5 main branches are reserved and cultured in the whole plant, no side branch is reserved, the height of the main branches is raised, multiple branches are promoted, and the purpose of rapidly expanding the tree crown is achieved.

The step 4) comprises the step of grabbing multi-culture branch groups at the initial fruit stage so as to promote the formation of a certain yield; culturing bone trunk branches during full bearing period, timely renewing large and medium branch groups, shearing weak branch groups, and culturing main branches and branch groups again by using tillers or hidden buds on the base or branches for tree shape aging or serious pest and disease damage.

And in the step 4), after the trunk is shaped, pruning is carried out every year to remove dense branches, insect-disease branches and dead branches, the thinning is mainly carried out by light pruning, the balance of growth among all main branches is adjusted, 2-3 buds can be cut off from the bearing branches, and the rest branches are all thinned.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: scientific management is implemented on different growth stages of the fig by following the growth rule of the fig, including plant spacing control, fertilizer and water management, trimming and pruning and pest control, the aims of improving the survival rate and the growth speed of the fig are achieved, the yield and the quality of the fig are promoted to be improved, the large number of the picked fruits are effectively guaranteed, the fruit size is large, the hue is good, the income of farmers is guaranteed, the whole process is simple, the operation is convenient, the planting cost is low, and the economic benefit and the social benefit are obvious.

The method is widely suitable for being matched with fig planting.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

Detailed Description