阅读说明：本技术 一种高产黄桃的种植方法 (Planting method for high-yield yellow peaches ) 是由 郭平 于 2020-06-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种高产黄桃的种植方法,它包括以下步骤：1)建园：选择疏松肥沃的土地建园,深翻土壤,施底肥；2)播种：选用良好的黄桃核,取仁催芽；3)苗木定植：开挖定植穴,选用健壮苗进行移栽；4)生长期管理：注重肥水管理,定期去除树根周围的杂草,定期对幼树修剪整形；5)花果管理：去掉虫果、病果、畸形果,双果去一留一,细弱枝不留果,果枝两端不留果；6)病虫治理：对树干部分均匀涂覆石灰浆,栽种引诱植物,悬挂糖醋罐、诱虫灯诱杀成虫；它采用遵循黄桃生长规律对其生长不同阶段实施管理,成活率高,生长速度快,不容易生病和生虫,达到提高黄桃产量和品质的目的；它广泛适用于黄桃种植配套使用。(The invention provides a planting method of high-yield yellow peaches, which comprises the following steps: 1) building a garden: selecting loose fertile land to build a garden, deeply ploughing the soil, and applying a base fertilizer; 2) sowing: selecting good yellow peach kernels, and taking kernels for accelerating germination; 3) planting the nursery stock: excavating a planting hole, and transplanting strong seedlings; 4) and (3) management in a growing period: paying attention to fertilizer and water management, removing weeds around roots of the trees at regular intervals, and trimming and shaping saplings at regular intervals; 5) flower and fruit management: removing worm fruits, diseased fruits and malformed fruits, removing one of the two fruits and leaving one, leaving no fruit on the thin and weak branches, and leaving no fruit on the two ends of the fruit branches; 6) and (3) disease and pest control: evenly coating lime slurry on the trunk part, planting trapping plants, hanging a sugar and vinegar tank and a trap lamp to trap and kill adults; the method adopts the management of different growth stages of the yellow peaches according to the growth rule of the yellow peaches, has high survival rate and high growth speed, is not easy to cause diseases and insects, and achieves the aim of improving the yield and the quality of the yellow peaches; it is widely suitable for the planting of yellow peaches.)

1. The planting method of the high-yield yellow peaches is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

1) building a garden: selecting a loose and fertile land with high terrain and sufficient illumination to construct a garden, deeply ploughing the soil by more than 20cm before sowing, applying enough base fertilizer, finely raking by using a rotary cultivator, and excavating a drainage ditch to prevent water accumulation;

2) sowing: selecting good yellow peach kernels, performing layering treatment on the peach kernels, taking kernels for accelerating germination, generally sowing in 3 late months every year, sowing in 1 ridge of double rows, wherein the sowing quantity is 2 ten thousand grains per mu, and strengthening fertilizer and water management in the middle to promote the growth of seedlings;

3) planting the nursery stock: excavating planting holes, wherein the depth is 0.5-0.8 m, 50 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each hole, 1 kg of calcium superphosphate is applied to each hole, healthy and strong seedlings with the diameter of more than 0.5 cm are selected for transplanting, the seedlings are required to be developed in root systems, main side roots are uniform and complete, mechanical injury and root tumors do not exist, the seedlings are vertically planted in the centers of the holes, the root systems stretch, sufficient root fixing water is poured after planting, the saturation of soil moisture is taken as the standard, the root systems are tightly bonded with the soil, and a layer of loose covering material is covered on the holes to preserve soil moisture;

4) and (3) management in a growing period: the new field planting seedlings are subjected to fertilizer and water injection management within 1-2 years, so that thin fertilizer is applied frequently to promote the growth of the seedlings; removing weeds around the roots of the trees at regular intervals, and pruning and shaping the saplings at regular intervals; after rainfall or irrigation is carried out in growing seasons of an orchard, intertillage and soil loosening are carried out in time, the depth is 5-10 cm, soil is turned outwards deeply every year or every other year by taking a planting hole as a center before sealing and freezing after falling leaves in autumn, the depth is 25-40 cm, a tree disc is tidied in time, and organic fertilizer is applied after backfilling the soil;

5) flower and fruit management: carrying out first fruit thinning 3-4 weeks after flower falling for the first time, removing worm fruits, diseased fruits and malformed fruits, and keeping one fruit from two fruits, wherein the spacing between the fruits is 15-20 cm generally; the second time is carried out when the fruits enter the hard core period, each plant leaves 110-120 fruits, the weight of each fruit is 150-170 g, no fruit is left on the weak branches, no fruit is left on the two ends of the branches, and deformed fruits are removed;

6) and (3) disease and pest control: lime slurry is uniformly coated on the trunk part, water is drained in time, the tree is reasonably pruned, and the ventilation and light transmission conditions are improved; in autumn, cleaning the orchard, cutting off insect-infected branches and dead branches, and removing the dead fruits; in the aspect of prevention, attractive plants are planted at four corners or four sides of the orchard to reduce damage to fruit trees, sugar and vinegar tanks and insect attracting lamps are hung in the orchard to trap and kill adults, the fruits are bagged in time to prevent the adults from spawning on the fruits to damage the fruits, and spraying of a bactericide and mineral spray oil is properly assisted to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests.

2. The planting method of the high-yield yellow peaches according to claim 1, wherein the nursery stock in the step 3) is planted in autumn.

3. The planting method of the high-yield yellow peaches according to claim 1, wherein the trimming and shaping in the step 4) comprises the steps of adopting three main branches to naturally open the heart shape, cultivating 9-10 side branches, and opening the heart angle to 60-70 degrees, combining short cutting and light cutting to trim young trees to promote branches to form crowns as early as possible, cultivating medium-length fruit branches to bear fruits in the initial fruit period on the basis of keeping the tree shape well, mainly trimming in summer, and adopting branch pulling, core picking and tip twisting to trim excessive vertical branches and back branches.

4. The planting method of the high-yield yellow peaches according to claim 1, wherein the step 6) of spraying 1 time of 3-5 Baume lime mixture after the orchard cleaning in mid-autumn season for controlling diseases and pests is used for eliminating the source of the overwintering bacteria.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a fruit tree planting technology, in particular to a high-yield yellow peach planting method.

Background

Yellow peach, belonging to one kind of peach, whose peel and pulp are golden yellow to orange yellow; yellow peach is a deciduous tree of Rosaceae, has black bark, is a common fruit tree and an ornamental flower tree, has delicious taste and rich nutrition, is one of the most popular fresh fruits, is rich in nutrition, contains rich antioxidants, dietary fibers, iron and calcium and various trace elements, has high nutritional value, and can be prepared into yellow peach juice, yellow peach dry wine and yellow peach wine; many parts of peach trees also have medicinal value, the root, leaf, flower and kernel of the peach trees can be used as medicines, and have the functions of relieving cough, promoting blood circulation, relaxing bowels and the like, the oil content of peach kernels is 45 percent, industrial oil can be extracted, and the peach kernels can be used for preparing activated carbon, so that the peach trees are multipurpose industrial raw materials.

Yellow peaches are planted in various places in the country in recent years, but the planting methods of various places are different, and due to the influence of the planting methods, the yellow peaches are low in survival rate, slow in growth speed, prone to diseases and low in yield when planted in various places.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above situation, the invention aims to provide a high-yield yellow peach planting method, which adopts the yellow peach growth rule to manage different growth stages, has high survival rate and high growth speed, is not easy to cause diseases and insects, achieves the aim of improving the yield and quality of the yellow peaches, and has the advantages of simple overall process, low cost, wide market prospect and convenient popularization and use.

In order to achieve the purpose, the planting method of the high-yield yellow peaches comprises the following steps:

1) building a garden: selecting a loose and fertile land with high terrain and sufficient illumination to construct a garden, deeply ploughing the soil by more than 20cm before sowing, applying enough base fertilizer, finely raking by using a rotary cultivator, and excavating a drainage ditch to prevent water accumulation;

2) sowing: selecting good yellow peach kernels, performing layering treatment on the peach kernels, taking kernels for accelerating germination, generally sowing in 3 late months every year, sowing in 1 ridge of double rows, wherein the sowing quantity is 2 ten thousand grains per mu, and strengthening fertilizer and water management in the middle to promote the growth of seedlings;

3) planting the nursery stock: excavating planting holes, wherein the depth is 0.5-0.8 m, 50 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each hole, 1 kg of calcium superphosphate is applied to each hole, healthy and strong seedlings with the diameter of more than 0.5 cm are selected for transplanting, the seedlings are required to be developed in root systems, main side roots are uniform and complete, mechanical injury and root tumors do not exist, the seedlings are vertically planted in the centers of the holes, the root systems stretch, sufficient root fixing water is poured after planting, the saturation of soil moisture is taken as the standard, the root systems are tightly bonded with the soil, and a layer of loose covering material is covered on the holes to preserve soil moisture;

4) and (3) management in a growing period: the new field planting seedlings are subjected to fertilizer and water injection management within 1-2 years, so that thin fertilizer is applied frequently to promote the growth of the seedlings; removing weeds around the roots of the trees at regular intervals, and pruning and shaping the saplings at regular intervals; after rainfall or irrigation is carried out in growing seasons of an orchard, intertillage and soil loosening are carried out in time, the depth is 5-10 cm, soil is turned outwards deeply every year or every other year by taking a planting hole as a center before sealing and freezing after falling leaves in autumn, the depth is 25-40 cm, a tree disc is tidied in time, and organic fertilizer is applied after backfilling the soil;

5) flower and fruit management: carrying out first fruit thinning 3-4 weeks after flower falling for the first time, removing worm fruits, diseased fruits and malformed fruits, and keeping one fruit from two fruits, wherein the spacing between the fruits is 15-20 cm generally; the second time is carried out when the fruits enter the hard core period, each plant leaves 110-120 fruits, the weight of each fruit is 150-170 g, no fruit is left on the weak branches, no fruit is left on the two ends of the branches, and deformed fruits are removed;

6) and (3) disease and pest control: lime slurry is uniformly coated on the trunk part, water is drained in time, the tree is reasonably pruned, and the ventilation and light transmission conditions are improved; in autumn, cleaning the orchard, cutting off insect-infected branches and dead branches, and removing the dead fruits; in the aspect of prevention, attractive plants are planted at four corners or four sides of the orchard to reduce damage to fruit trees, sugar and vinegar tanks and insect attracting lamps are hung in the orchard to trap and kill adults, the fruits are bagged in time to prevent the adults from spawning on the fruits to damage the fruits, and spraying of a bactericide and mineral spray oil is properly assisted to prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests.

In order to realize the optimization of the process and the effect, the further measures are as follows: and the time for planting the nursery stock in the step 3) is autumn planting.

The trimming and shaping in the step 4) comprises the steps of adopting three main branches to naturally open heart shapes, cultivating 9-10 side branches, and opening the angle to 60-70 degrees, combining short cutting and light cutting for trimming young trees to promote branches to form crowns as early as possible, cultivating medium and long fruit branches to bear fruits on the basis of keeping good tree shapes in the initial fruit period, mainly trimming in summer, and adopting branch pulling, core picking and tip twisting to trim excessive vertical branches and back branches.

And 6) spraying 1 time of 3-5 Baume lime sulfur mixture after clearing the garden in mid-autumn and mid-autumn for controlling diseases and pests, and using the mixture to kill an overwintering bacteria source.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the method, fertilizer and water management, trimming and pruning, flower and fruit management and pest control are implemented by combining the growth stage according to the growth rule of the yellow peaches, so that the purposes of improving the survival rate and the growth speed of the yellow peaches are achieved, the yield and the quality of the yellow peaches can be promoted to be improved, the large number and large size of the picked yellow peaches are effectively guaranteed, the planting income is guaranteed, the overall process is simple, the planting cost is low, and the method has remarkable economic and social benefits.

The method is widely suitable for being matched with yellow peach planting.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

Detailed Description