阅读说明：本技术 物质气态转化真空绝热件及其制备方法 (Material gaseous transformation vacuum heat-insulating part and preparation method thereof ) 是由 王舜泳 于 2019-02-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了物质气态转化真空绝热件,包括：空腔坯体物质、气化物质,其特征在于：空腔坯体物质的熔点温度高于气化物质的沸点温度,气化物质装于空腔坯体物质的空腔内,空腔坯体物质构建的空腔有开合的缝隙,气体能从所述缝隙逸出,所述装有气化物质的空腔坯体物质放入高温窑炉里煅烧做成物质气态转化真空绝热件；本发明制作的真空绝热件性能可靠、价格低廉,能选用高熔点高沸点的物质解决工作环境远高于500℃的真空绝热件的制备问题。(The invention discloses a material gaseous state conversion vacuum heat insulation piece, comprising: cavity body material, gasification material, its characterized in that: the melting point temperature of the cavity body material is higher than the boiling point temperature of the gasified material, the gasified material is arranged in the cavity of the cavity body material, the cavity constructed by the cavity body material is provided with an opening and closing gap, gas can escape from the gap, and the cavity body material filled with the gasified material is placed in a high-temperature kiln to be calcined into a material gas-state conversion vacuum heat-insulating piece; the vacuum heat-insulating part manufactured by the invention has reliable performance and low price, and can select materials with high melting point and high boiling point to solve the preparation problem of the vacuum heat-insulating part with the working environment far higher than 500 ℃.)

1. A mass gaseous phase transition vacuum insulation comprising: cavity body material, gasification material, its characterized in that: the melting point temperature of the cavity body material is higher than the boiling point temperature of the gasified material, the gasified material is arranged in the cavity of the cavity body material, the cavity constructed by the cavity body material is provided with an opening and closing gap, gas can escape from the gap, and the cavity body material filled with the gasified material is placed in a high-temperature kiln to be calcined into a material gas-state conversion vacuum heat-insulating piece.

2. The material vapor transition vacuum insulation member according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cavity body is composed of two substances, wherein the melting point of one substance is lower, the melting point of the other substance is higher, the melting points of the two substances are higher than the boiling point of the gasified substance, the substance with the lower melting point is used for constructing a gap for opening and closing the cavity, and the substance with the higher melting point is used for constructing the cavity body.

3. The material vapor transition vacuum insulation member according to claim 1, characterized in that: applying high-temperature glaze on the surface of the cavity body substance, wherein the melting point of the cavity body substance is greater than or equal to that of the high-temperature glaze, and the boiling point of the gasified substance is lower than that of the high-temperature glaze.

4. The technological scheme of the preparation method of the material gaseous conversion vacuum heat-insulating part is characterized in that: when the temperature reaches the boiling point temperature of the gasified material, the form of the gasified material is changed into a gaseous state, the air pressure of the closed space is increased, air and redundant gasified material are discharged out of the cavity from the gap opened and closed by the cavity of the material gaseous state conversion vacuum heat insulation member, and when the temperature reaches the melting point temperature of the cavity blank material, the cavity blank material melts the tiny holes and the exhaust gap is closed; when the temperature is reduced, the solidification gap of the blank substance of the cavity is completely closed, and the temperature is continuously reduced to be lower than the boiling point temperature of the gasified substance, the gasified substance is converted into a non-gaseous state, and the cavity of the substance gaseous state conversion vacuum heat insulation member is vacuum; the method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: pressing a formed ceramic blank capable of assembling a cavity blank by using a high-pressure ceramic press, and bisque-firing and shaping in a kiln to ensure that the blank has stable high-temperature chemical stability, sufficient strength and determined geometric dimension;

step two: applying high-temperature glaze with the melting point lower than that of the blank on the surface of the blank, and drying the glaze;

step three: assembling the formed ceramic blank into a cavity blank, and putting a gasification substance with the boiling point temperature lower than the melting point temperature of the high-temperature glaze material into the cavity blank;

step four: placing the cavity blank into a kiln for calcination, stopping heating when the boiling temperature of the gasified material is reached, and converting redundant gasified material and air exhaust material into a cavity of the vacuum heat-insulating member, wherein the cavity is placed up and down, the gasified material is placed below the cavity when the gasified material is heavier than air, and the gasified material is placed above the cavity when the gasified material is lighter than air, and discharging material from a gap opened and closed by the cavity to convert the air and impurity gas into the cavity of the vacuum heat-insulating member;

step five: and continuously heating until the surface of the ceramic blank is melted at high temperature so that the glaze is uniformly distributed on the surface of the blank to form a compact glaze, fusing the joint to completely seal the cavity by the melted glaze, cooling, packaging and warehousing.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a vacuum heat-insulating part and a preparation method thereof, belongs to the technical field of heat-insulating and heat-preserving production, and particularly relates to a substance gaseous transformation vacuum heat-insulating part and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the development of science and technology and the progress of society, more and more substance gas phase transformation vacuum heat-insulating parts are applied to various fields of human life and production, such as an aircraft with the flight speed reaching mach 10, the pneumatic heating of the surface of the aircraft body is extremely serious, and the temperature of an ultrahigh-temperature part can reach more than 1600 ℃. The production techniques in the field mainly comprise: 1. and vacuumizing the air in the space formed by the gas barrier layer and then packaging. 2. A gas adsorbent made of calcium oxide, barium/lithium alloy, cobalt oxide, or the like is sealed in the closed space formed by the gas barrier layer. The vacuum packaging technology has high requirement on the reliability of the sealing, so that the process is complex, the reliability is poor, the cost of raw materials is high, and the product price is high.

In a chinese patent document "a vacuum heat-insulating member and a method for manufacturing the same", a vacuum heat-insulating member and a method for manufacturing the same are described: a vacuum heat-insulating part comprises a cavity blank, calcium hydroxide and glaze, and is characterized in that: the cavity body is composed of forming blanks matched with each other, the forming blanks matched with each other are combined to form a cavity body with a closed space, glaze is applied to the surface of the forming blanks, calcium hydroxide is arranged in the closed space, and the cavity body for packaging the calcium hydroxide is placed in a kiln to be calcined to be made into a vacuum heat-insulating part; thus, when the temperature in the kiln reaches 600 ℃, Ca (OH)2= CaO + H2O calcium hydroxide is converted into calcium oxide and water vapor, the air pressure of the closed space is increased, the water vapor is lighter than air, the air and the redundant water vapor are discharged from the gap between the formed blanks to form the closed space, when the temperature reaches 700-1150 ℃, the glaze on the surface of the formed blank is melted and uniformly distributed on the surface of the blank to form a compact glaze, the glaze in the gap between the formed blanks is melted, and the gap is filled with the glaze; when the temperature is reduced, the glaze is solidified to completely seal the closed space, meanwhile, when the temperature of the water vapor in the closed space is reduced to be 100 ℃, the condensed water is absorbed by calcium oxide, and the CaO + H2O = Ca (OH)2 water vapor also reacts with the calcium oxide to generate calcium hydroxide, so that the water vapor in the closed space is further reduced, and the closed space forms a vacuum space.

The document 'Chinese patent with application number CN 201710604463.2' discloses a high-temperature vacuum heat insulation composite material with a ceramic shell, which is characterized by comprising a ceramic foam core material and the ceramic shell, wherein the ceramic shell completely covers the ceramic foam core material, no through pore channel exists in the ceramic shell, the internal pressure of the ceramic shell is less than 1000Pa, the ceramic foam core material is any one of silicon carbide foam, aluminum oxide foam and zirconium oxide foam, the thickness of the ceramic foam is 5-30 mm, the porosity of the ceramic foam is 70% -90%, the ceramic shell is any one of silicon carbide ceramic, silicon nitride ceramic, aluminum oxide ceramic and silicon oxide ceramic, and the wall thickness of the ceramic shell is 3-10 mm.

The vacuum heat-insulating member described in "a vacuum heat-insulating member and a method for producing the same" cannot be applied to an environment having a temperature exceeding 500 degrees, since ca (oh)2= CaO + H2O calcium hydroxide is converted into calcium oxide and the vacuum in the vacuum chamber of water vapor starts to be eliminated by water vapor.

The patent document does not describe how to make the internal pressure of the ceramic shell less than 1000Pa, and if the vacuum-pumping packaging method in the prior art is adopted, the reliability of the operation in the high-temperature environment will put higher requirements on the vacuum-pumping packaging process, and if the gas adsorbent adsorption packaging method composed of calcium oxide, barium/lithium alloy, cobalt oxide and the like in the prior art is adopted, the high-temperature vacuum-insulation composite material cannot be operated in the high-temperature environment of more than 1600 ℃.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to eliminate air in a heat insulating layer cavity by utilizing the characteristic that substances have different substance forms at different temperatures, and convert gaseous substances into non-gaseous substances at a set temperature so as to obtain various vacuum heat insulating layer cavities at high temperature, thereby solving the preparation problem of vacuum heat insulating parts in high-temperature environments.

The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a mass gaseous phase transition vacuum insulation comprising: cavity body material, gasification material, its characterized in that: the melting point temperature of the cavity body material is higher than the boiling point temperature of the gasified material, the gasified material is arranged in the cavity of the cavity body material, the cavity constructed by the cavity body material is provided with an opening and closing gap, gas can escape from the gap, and the cavity body material filled with the gasified material is placed in a high-temperature kiln to be calcined into a material gas-state conversion vacuum heat-insulating piece; when the temperature in the kiln reaches the boiling point temperature of the gasified substances, the gasified substances are transformed into gaseous state, so that the air pressure of the closed space is increased, and the air and the redundant gasified substances are discharged out of the cavity from the gap; when the temperature reaches the melting point temperature of the cavity blank substance, the cavity blank substance melts the tiny holes and the exhaust gap is closed; when the temperature is reduced, the solidification gap of the cavity blank substance is completely closed, and the temperature is continuously reduced to be lower than the boiling point temperature of the gasified substance, the gasified substance is converted into a non-gaseous state, and the cavity of the cavity blank substance is vacuum; the method utilizes the properties of solid, liquid and gas states of different substances at different temperatures, and different substances can be selected to prepare the vacuum heat-insulating part in the temperature environment corresponding to the temperature characteristics of the substances.

The improvement of the vacuum heat-insulating member for gaseous conversion of substances is characterized in that: the cavity body is composed of two substances, wherein the melting point of one substance is lower, the melting point of the other substance is higher, the melting points of the two substances are higher than the boiling point of the gasified substance, the substance with the lower melting point is used for constructing a gap for opening and closing the cavity, and the substance with the higher melting point is used for constructing the cavity body; after the gasified material is changed into gaseous state and exhausted from the gap of the cavity, the material with lower melting point is continuously heated to melt and seal the gap, the cavity blank body constructed by the material with higher melting point is continuously heated to vitrify, and the tiny holes of the material of the cavity blank body and the exhaust gap are completely sealed.

The improvement of the vacuum heat-insulating member for gaseous conversion of substances is characterized in that: applying high-temperature glaze on the surface of the cavity body substance, wherein the melting point of the cavity body substance is greater than or equal to that of the high-temperature glaze, and the boiling point of the gasified substance is lower than that of the high-temperature glaze; after the gasified material is converted into gaseous state and exhausted from the open and close gap of the cavity, the high-temperature glaze material is continuously heated and melted, the glaze material is uniformly distributed on the surface of the blank body to form a compact glaze surface, and the melted glaze material enables the joint to be fused to completely seal the cavity.

The technological scheme of the preparation method of the material gaseous conversion vacuum heat-insulating part is characterized in that: when the temperature reaches the boiling point temperature of the gasified material, the form of the gasified material is changed into a gaseous state, the air pressure of the closed space is increased, air and redundant gasified material are discharged out of the cavity from the gap opened and closed by the cavity of the material gaseous state conversion vacuum heat insulation member, and when the temperature reaches the melting point temperature of the cavity blank material, the cavity blank material melts the tiny holes and the exhaust gap is closed; when the temperature is reduced, the solidification gap of the blank substance of the cavity is completely closed, and the temperature is continuously reduced to be lower than the boiling point temperature of the gasified substance, the gasified substance is converted into a non-gaseous state, and the cavity of the substance gaseous state conversion vacuum heat insulation member is vacuum; the method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: pressing a formed ceramic blank capable of assembling a cavity blank by using a high-pressure ceramic press, and bisque-firing and shaping in a kiln to ensure that the blank has stable high-temperature chemical stability, sufficient strength and determined geometric dimension;

step two: applying high-temperature glaze with the melting point lower than that of the blank on the surface of the blank, and drying the glaze;

step three: assembling the formed ceramic blank into a cavity blank, and putting a gasification substance with the boiling point temperature lower than the melting point temperature of the high-temperature glaze material into the cavity blank;

step four: placing the cavity blank into a kiln for calcination, stopping heating when the boiling temperature of the gasified material is reached, and converting redundant gasified material and air exhaust material into a cavity of the vacuum heat-insulating member, wherein the cavity is placed up and down, the gasified material is placed below the cavity when the gasified material is heavier than air, and the gasified material is placed above the cavity when the gasified material is lighter than air, and discharging material from a gap opened and closed by the cavity to convert the air and impurity gas into the cavity of the vacuum heat-insulating member;

step five: and continuously heating until the surface of the ceramic blank is melted at high temperature so that the glaze is uniformly distributed on the surface of the blank to form a compact glaze, fusing the joint to completely seal the cavity by the melted glaze, cooling, packaging and warehousing.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the technical scheme of the invention not only can select the substances with high melting point and high boiling point to solve the preparation problem of the substance gaseous state conversion vacuum heat-insulating piece with the working environment far higher than 500 ℃, but also can select the substances with low melting point and low boiling point to solve the preparation problem of the low-temperature vacuum heat-insulating piece with low energy consumption.

In conclusion, the vacuum insulation of the present invention has a subversive advance over the prior art.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a view showing the construction of a gas phase reforming vacuum heat-insulating member of the present invention;

reference numerals: 1-cavity blank, 2-metal magnesium, 3-high temperature glaze, 4-gap for opening and closing of material gaseous transformation vacuum heat insulation piece cavity, and 5-formed ceramic blank.

Detailed Description

Next, an embodiment of the material vapor transition vacuum heat-insulating material of the present invention will be explained.