阅读说明：本技术 一种适用于特高温环境中的等离子体弧枪 (Plasma arc gun suitable for ultra-high temperature environment ) 是由 江永斌 于 2020-06-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于超细金属粉体材料设备的技术领域,具体涉及一种适用于特高温环境中的等离子体弧枪,等离子体弧枪的枪壳体包括套设的枪外壳和枪内壳,所述枪外壳的内壁和/或枪内壳的外壁设置有若干水流面,所述水流面与相对的壁面之间形成水流腔,所述水流腔内流通有高压循环冷却水,所述枪外壳包括前段构件和后段构件,前段构件通过螺纹或卡扣与后段构件连接,所述前段构件的前端嵌有等离子弧的喷嘴,所述高压循环冷却水冷却枪壳体及喷嘴。本发明提供的等离子体弧枪,对枪壳体和喷嘴进行有效冷却,延长等离子体弧枪的使用寿命。(The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrafine metal powder material equipment, and particularly relates to a plasma arc gun suitable for an ultrahigh-temperature environment, wherein a gun shell of the plasma arc gun comprises a gun outer shell and a gun inner shell which are sleeved, a plurality of water flow surfaces are arranged on the inner wall of the gun outer shell and/or the outer wall of the gun inner shell, a water flow cavity is formed between the water flow surfaces and the opposite wall surfaces, high-pressure circulating cooling water flows in the water flow cavity, the gun outer shell comprises a front section component and a rear section component, the front section component is connected with the rear section component through threads or buckles, a plasma arc nozzle is embedded at the front end of the front section component, and the high-pressure circulating cooling water cools the gun shell and the nozzle. The plasma arc gun provided by the invention can effectively cool the gun shell and the nozzle, and prolong the service life of the plasma arc gun.)

1. The utility model provides a plasma arc rifle suitable for among special high temperature environment, its characterized in that, the rifle shell of plasma arc rifle is including rifle shell and the rifle inner shell that the cover was established, the outer wall of the inner wall of rifle shell and/or rifle inner shell is provided with a plurality of rivers faces, form the rivers chamber between rivers face and the relative wall, the circulation has high-pressure circulation cooling water in the rivers chamber.

2. The plasma arc gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gun housing comprises a front member and a rear member, the front member is connected with the rear member by a screw or a buckle, the front end of the front member is embedded with a nozzle of the plasma arc, and the high pressure circulating cooling water cools the gun housing and the nozzle.

3. The plasma arc torch as claimed in claim 2, wherein the rear end surface of the inner torch housing is engaged with the rear end surface of the outer torch housing through a bayonet structure, and the front section member is engaged with the rear section member through a bayonet structure.

4. The plasma arc torch as claimed in claim 2, wherein the front end of the front member is provided with an isolation layer matching with the front end of the inner casing of the torch, the front member comprises a radial isolation layer arranged on the front end surface and an axial isolation layer in contact connection with the inner wall of the inner casing of the torch, the nozzle is embedded in the axial isolation layer, the water flow cavity is axially arranged, and the water flow cavity passes through the rear member and the front member and then abuts against the radial isolation layer to form a loop.

5. The plasma arc torch as claimed in claim 4, wherein the radial separation layer has a gauge of 0.1-20mm, and the thickness between the inner cavity wall of the nozzle and the water flow layer of the inner housing of the torch is 2-35 mm.

6. The plasma arc torch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rear end surface of the torch housing is provided with a plurality of water inlets and water outlets, the water inlets are connected with a water inlet channel in the water flow chamber, the water outlets are connected with a water outlet channel in the water flow chamber, the water inlet channel is communicated with the water outlet channel, and the water inlets and the water outlets are circularly connected with the high-pressure circulating cooling water device.

7. The plasma arc torch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plasma arc torch is connected to a jacket, the jacket is provided with circulating cooling water therein, and the center of the jacket is a hollow cavity.

8. The plasma arc torch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the water flow chambers is 2-tens, and when the number of the water flow chambers is 2, the water flow chambers are respectively a water inlet channel and a water outlet channel, and when the number of the water flow chambers is more than 3, the water flow chambers are respectively at least one water inlet channel and at least one water outlet channel.

9. The plasma arc torch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water flow surface is formed by cutting an outer wall of the inner housing of the torch, the water flow surface is axially distributed through the inner housing of the torch, and the water flow surface is a plane surface or a cambered surface.

10. The plasma arc gun as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure of the high pressure circulating cooling water at the water inlet is 150kpa-1500 kpa.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrafine metal powder material equipment, and particularly relates to a plasma arc gun suitable for an ultrahigh-temperature environment.

Background

With the progress of globalization, human society has entered digitalization, 5G, new energy automobile, energy storage era, metal ultrafine powder materials are increasingly applied, and in the face of the original chemical vapor method for preparing metal ultrafine powder materials, because of serious environmental pollution and great harm, the physical vapor method is adopted, plasma is used as a heat source, evaporation is formed in a closed space negative pressure environment to prepare metal ultrafine powder, no pollution is caused to the environment, and the inevitable trend of future development is realized, but a plasma arc gun using plasma as a heat source in the physical vapor method needs to enter a narrow and ultra-high temperature metal reactor inner cavity or a crucible inner cavity, the working environment temperature is 1000-3000 ℃, at present, in the atmospheric normal temperature and pressure environment, the plasma arc gun is applied to cutting, spraying and welding of objects, and the arc-consuming high temperature alloy nozzle is extremely easy to melt, the plasma arc gun is difficult to effectively use for a long time if the plasma arc gun is in an environment with the ultrahigh temperature of 1000-3000 ℃ and the ultrahigh temperature generated by the nozzle of the arc is doubly superposed, so that the new effective cooling and absorbing of the heat energy of the gun shell and the fusible part is researched, the gun shell is protected from deformation, the nozzle opening of the arc is not melted and deformed, the effective use can be achieved for hundreds of hours or nearly thousands of hours, and the plasma arc gun is a permanently-off topic and needs to be deeply researched by researchers. The damage of an arc gun causes frequent replacement, and rapid cooling is caused in a hot high-temperature furnace, so that the breakage and damage of a high-temperature resistant metal reactor or a crucible device and a through pipeline formed by the high-temperature resistant device in the early growth process of particles are caused, and the temperature reduction within several days is required for replacing the damaged device in the high-temperature furnace after the temperature is reduced to normal temperature, thereby greatly hindering the effective utilization rate of equipment, causing the capacity to be greatly reduced, and further improving the manufacturing cost of the metal ultrafine powder.

Chinese patent application CN104902665A discloses an arc heating plasma torch, which comprises a cathode head, a replaceable anode nozzle, an anode seat, a conductive gun core, a gun body, an insulating sleeve and a water guide core; the conductive gun core is provided with an air inlet channel, the insulating sleeve is sleeved on the conductive gun core, a cavity formed between the conductive gun core and the insulating sleeve is provided with a spiral air flow channel, and the spiral air flow channel is communicated with the anode nozzle and the air inlet channel on the gun core; the conductive gun core, the water guide core, the anode seat and the water cooling channel of the gun body form a water cooling circulation system, and the water cooling reinforcing ribs are arranged on the inner wall surface of the water cooling cavity of the anode seat, so that the water cooling contact area is increased, and the cooling efficiency of the spray gun is improved; meanwhile, the traditional anode nozzle is disassembled into the anode base and the replaceable anode nozzle, and the cathode is disassembled into the cathode head and the conductive gun core, so that the replacement cost is reduced after the cathode and the anode are ablated, and the service life of the arc heating plasma spray gun is prolonged. The disadvantage of the above patent is that the cooling system provides insufficient cooling of the gun housing and nozzle.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the plasma arc gun suitable for the ultra-high temperature environment, the gun shell and the nozzle are effectively cooled, and the service life of the plasma arc gun is prolonged.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

the utility model provides a plasma arc rifle suitable for among the super high temperature environment, the rifle shell of plasma arc rifle is including rifle shell and the rifle inner shell that the cover was established, the outer wall of the inner wall of rifle shell and/or rifle inner shell is provided with a plurality of rivers faces, form the rivers chamber between rivers face and the relative wall, the circulation of rivers intracavity has high-pressure recirculated cooling water.

The water flow cavity is formed in the following mode: the water flow cavity can be formed by cutting the inner wall of the gun outer shell and then enclosing the inner wall of the gun inner shell, can also be formed by cutting the outer wall of the gun inner shell and then enclosing the inner wall of the gun outer shell, and can also be formed by cutting part of the inner wall of the gun outer shell and cutting part of the outer wall of the gun inner shell and communicating the inner wall and the outer wall. Of course, it is also possible to form a similar water flow surface without cutting, but using other means such as grinding, casting, etc.

The pressure of the high-pressure circulating cooling water at the water inlet is 150-1500 kpa.

The gun shell comprises a front section component and a rear section component, the front section component is connected with the rear section component through threads or buckles, the front end of the front section component is embedded with a nozzle of a plasma arc, and the high-pressure circulating cooling water cools the gun shell and the nozzle.

The nozzle is a plasma arc nozzle made of high-temperature-resistant alloy materials, and the ratio of the inner diameter of the nozzle opening to the outer diameter of the front-section component is 1: 3-60, and the height ratio is 1: 2-100.

The ratio of the outer diameter size of the gun shell to the length size of the gun shell is 1: 1.5-50.

The rear end face of the gun inner shell is matched with the rear end face of the gun outer shell through a spigot structure, and the front section component is matched with the rear section component through the spigot structure.

The inner cavity of the gun inner shell is provided with a cathode assembly, the components of the cathode assembly are isolated from the gun shell by an insulating sleeve, and the cathode assembly comprises a cathode high-temperature-resistant alloy gun tip assembly, a circulating cooling water inlet and outlet channel, a power line for introducing a plasma arc cathode, a gas inlet pipe for introducing a plasma arc and an airflow distributor. And the circulating cooling water system of the cathode assembly is mutually independent from the high-pressure circulating cooling water system in the gun shell.

The clearance distance between the Y-shaped inner channel in the front section component and the cathode gun tip is 0.03-5 mm, and can be adjusted in a threaded mode.

The cathode gun tip is made of an alloy material containing tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, rhenium, niobium and iridium.

The front end of above-mentioned anterior segment component is provided with the isolation layer with rifle inner shell front end complex, including the radial isolation layer that sets up terminal surface in the front and the axial isolation layer of being connected with the contact of rifle inner shell inner wall, the nozzle inlays in the axial isolation layer, and the rivers chamber sets up along the axial, supports behind back end component, the anterior segment component to radial isolation layer and forms the return circuit again.

The plasma arc is sprayed out from the nozzle, so the nozzle and the radial isolating layer which are in direct contact with the plasma arc are the parts which have the highest temperature, are easy to melt and deform in the plasma arc gun.

The distance between the radial isolating layers is 0.1-20mm, and the thickness between the inner cavity wall of the nozzle and the water flow layer of the gun inner shell is 2-35 mm.

The gun shell is characterized in that a plurality of water inlets and water outlets are formed in the rear end face of the gun shell, the water inlets are connected with a water inlet channel in a water flow cavity, the water outlets are connected with a water outlet channel in the water flow cavity, the water inlet channel is communicated with the water outlet channel, and the water inlets and the water outlets are circularly connected with a high-pressure circulating cooling water device.

The plasma arc gun is connected with a jacket, circulating cooling water is arranged in the jacket, and a hollow cavity is arranged in the center of the jacket.

The water flow cavities are provided with 2-dozens, preferably 2-12, when the number of the water flow cavities is 2, the water flow cavities are respectively provided with a water inlet channel and a water outlet channel, and when the number of the water flow cavities is more than 3, the water flow cavities are respectively provided with at least one water inlet channel and at least one water outlet channel.

The preferable arrangement mode of the water flow cavity is as follows: the water flow surface is formed by cutting the outer wall of the gun inner shell, penetrates through the gun inner shell along the axial distribution and is a plane or a cambered surface. The water flow surface is further preferably planar.

The outer surface of the gun shell is connected with a high-temperature-resistant protective layer sleeve in a threaded or buckling mode to protect a plasma arc gun extending into an ultrahigh-temperature environment area, and the high-temperature-resistant material is an aluminum oxide, graphite, silicon carbide, zirconium oxide or tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium, tantalum, niobium, iridium and other alloy materials.

The anode of the plasma arc is connected with the gun shell to form a direct current plasma non-transfer arc or the anode is communicated with a high-temperature metal reactor or molten metal in a crucible to form a direct current plasma transfer arc.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. in the narrow and limited space of the plasma gun shell, the plasma arc gun is designed with a good high-pressure circulating cooling water flow system structure, so that the plasma arc gun extending into a very high-temperature environment is effectively cooled and absorbs the heat energy of the gun body, particularly, the plasma arc gun is effectively cooled and protected from heat absorption by very fusible and deformable parts, the long-time effective use of the plasma arc gun is ensured, and the service life of the plasma arc gun is prolonged to hundreds and even thousands of hours.

2. The high-pressure circulating cooling water flow system structure is formed by the outer shell of the cutting gun and the inner shell of the cutting gun, and is simple in structure, simple in processing method, good in adaptability and convenient to install.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a posterior segment component of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the front member of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the inner shell of the gun of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the end face of the gun housing of the present invention;

reference numerals: 1. a gun housing; 1a, a front section member; 1b, a rear section member; 2. a gun inner shell; 3. a water flow chamber; 4. a nozzle; 5. an isolation layer; 6. a thread; 7a, a water inlet; 7b, a water outlet; 8. and (4) water flow surface.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described in the following with specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, see fig. 1-4:

a gun shell of the plasma arc gun comprises a gun outer shell 1 and a gun inner shell 2 which are sleeved, a water flow cavity 3 formed by cutting is arranged on the inner wall of the gun outer shell 1 and/or the outer wall of the gun inner shell 2, and high-pressure circulating cooling water flows in the water flow cavity 3.

Referring to fig. 4, the inner wall of the gun outer shell 1 and/or the outer wall of the gun inner shell 2 is provided with a water flow cavity 3 formed by cutting, and the concrete structure is as follows: the water flow cavity 3 may be formed by cutting the inner wall of the gun outer housing 1 and then enclosing the outer wall of the gun inner housing 2, or by cutting the outer wall of the gun inner housing 3 and then enclosing the inner wall of the gun outer housing 1, or by cutting and communicating the inner wall of the gun outer housing 1 and the outer wall of the gun inner housing 2. Referring to fig. 3, the water flow surface 8 in the drawing is formed by cutting the outer wall of the gun inner shell 2, the water flow surface 8 axially penetrates through the gun inner shell 2, and the water flow surface 8 is a plane. In the figure, 12 water flow cavities 3 are arranged, and comprise at least one water inlet channel and at least one water outlet channel, and the water inlet channel is communicated with the water outlet channel to form a loop.

The ratio of the outer diameter of the gun housing 1 to the length of the gun housing 1 is 1: 1.5-50.

Referring to fig. 3, the specific structure of the high-pressure circulating cooling water flow system is as follows: the gun shell is characterized in that a plurality of water inlets 7a and water outlets 7b are arranged on the rear end face of the gun shell 1, the water inlets 7a are connected with a water inlet channel in the water flow cavity 3, the water outlets 7b are connected with a water outlet channel in the water flow cavity 3, the water inlet channel is communicated with the water outlet channel, and the water inlets 7a and the water outlets 7b are circularly connected with a high-pressure circulating cooling water device.

The water inlet 7a and the water outlet 7b have the same structure, and the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel have the same structure, are determined according to the flowing direction of the high-pressure circulating cooling water and can be mutually converted.

The sum of the number of the water inlets 7a and the number of the water outlets 7b is the same as the number of the water flow cavities.

The pressure of the high-pressure circulating cooling water at the water inlet 7a is 150-1500 kpa.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the gun housing 1 includes a front member 1a and a rear member 1b, the front member 1a is connected to the rear member 1b by a screw thread 6 or a snap, a nozzle 4 for plasma arc is embedded at the front end of the front member 1a, and the high-pressure circulating cooling water cools the gun housing 1 and the nozzle 4.

The nozzle 4 is a plasma arc nozzle made of high-temperature resistant alloy materials, and the ratio of the inner diameter size of the nozzle opening to the outer diameter of the front-section component is 1: 3-60, and the height ratio is 1: 2-100.

Comparing fig. 2, in order to more effectively cool the nozzle 4 of the special fusible and easily deformable component and the front end face of the front section member 1a, the front end of the front section member 1a is provided with an isolation layer 5 matched with the front end of the gun inner shell 2, the front end of the front section member 1a comprises a radial isolation layer arranged on the front end face and an axial isolation layer in contact connection with the inner wall of the gun inner shell 2, the nozzle 4 is embedded in the axial isolation layer, the water flow cavity 3 is axially arranged, and the water flow cavity flows through the rear section member 1b and the front section member 1a and then abuts against the radial isolation layer to form a.

The space H1 of the radial isolation layer is 0.1-20mm, and the thickness H2 between the inner cavity wall of the nozzle 4 and the water flow layer of the gun inner shell 2 is 2-35 mm.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the mounting structure of the gun inner case 2 and the gun outer case 1 is as follows: the gun inner shell 2 is inserted from the rear end of the gun outer shell 1, the rear end face of the gun inner shell 2 is matched with the rear end face of the gun outer shell 1 through a spigot structure, and the front section component 1a is matched with the rear section component 1b through the spigot structure.

The plasma arc gun is connected with a jacket, circulating cooling water is arranged in the jacket, and a hollow cavity is arranged in the center of the jacket.

The outer surface of the gun shell 1 is connected with a high-temperature-resistant protective layer sleeve in a thread 6 or buckle mode to protect a plasma arc gun extending into a super high-temperature environment area, and the high-temperature-resistant material is an alloy material such as aluminum oxide, graphite, silicon carbide, zirconium oxide or tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium, tantalum and the like.

The use mode of the invention is as follows: the plasma arc gun body is stretched into a high-temperature reaction furnace body and then stretched into an inner cavity of a metal high-temperature reactor or an inner cavity of a crucible, metal materials in the metal high-temperature reactor or the crucible are heated and evaporated to prepare metal nano materials or metal submicron powder materials, the size of particles d50 of the metal nano materials is smaller than 100nm, the size of d50 of the metal submicron powder materials is smaller than 100nm to 3000nm, and the external working environment temperature of a rear section component and a front section component of a plasma arc is 1000 ℃ to 3000 ℃.

The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.