阅读说明：本技术 一种球型无人飞行器及工作方法 (Spherical unmanned aerial vehicle and working method ) 是由 李传鹏 刘然 李传意 商超群 王志强 阮立群 于 2020-04-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种球型无人飞行器及工作方法,包括上下贯通呈中空圆柱体的涵道,其上端连接碗口状的涵道进气口,其下端连接姿态控制筒；所述涵道内设置有水平的上电机支座和下电机支座,其上均安装有电机与风扇,上下两个电机对转,驱动两个风扇对转,同时产生无人机所需的升力；所述姿态控制筒由为同心球环的外环和内环构成,外环匹配固接在涵道下部出口,内环的外侧与外环的内侧是两者的匹配装配面,为球面的一部分周向圆环；内环与舵机连接,并由舵机控制产生推力矢量,围绕所述球心相对于外环作上下或周向滑动。本发明所设计的球型飞行器,造型圆滑美观,结构紧凑高效,可以垂直起降、空中悬停,动作部件均藏在机身之中,飞行安全可靠。(The invention discloses a spherical unmanned aerial vehicle and a working method thereof, wherein the spherical unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a hollow cylindrical duct which is vertically penetrated, the upper end of the hollow cylindrical duct is connected with a bowl-mouth-shaped duct air inlet, and the lower end of the hollow cylindrical duct is connected with an attitude control cylinder; the duct is internally provided with a horizontal upper motor support and a horizontal lower motor support, motors and fans are mounted on the upper motor support and the lower motor support, the upper motor and the lower motor rotate in opposite directions to drive the two fans to rotate in opposite directions, and meanwhile, lift force required by the unmanned aerial vehicle is generated; the gesture control cylinder is composed of an outer ring and an inner ring which are concentric spherical rings, the outer ring is fixedly connected to an outlet at the lower part of the duct in a matching mode, the outer side of the inner ring and the inner side of the outer ring are matching assembly surfaces of the inner ring and the outer ring, and the outer ring and the inner ring are part of circumferential circular rings of a spherical surface; the inner ring is connected with the steering engine, and is controlled by the steering engine to generate a thrust vector which slides up and down or circumferentially around the sphere center relative to the outer ring. The spherical aircraft designed by the invention has smooth and attractive modeling, compact and efficient structure, capability of vertical take-off and landing and hovering in the air, capability of hiding action components in the aircraft body and safe and reliable flight.)

1. The utility model provides a ball type unmanned vehicles which characterized in that: comprises a hollow cylindrical duct (5) which is vertically run through, the upper end of the duct is connected with a bowl mouth-shaped duct air inlet (1), and the lower end of the duct is connected with an attitude control cylinder (9); the duct (5) is internally provided with a horizontal upper motor support (2) and a horizontal lower motor support (6), motors (3) and fans (4) are respectively arranged on the upper motor support and the lower motor support, the upper motor (3) and the lower motor (3) rotate oppositely to drive the two fans (4) to rotate oppositely, and meanwhile, the lift force required by the unmanned aerial vehicle is generated;

the posture control cylinder (9) is composed of an outer ring (10) and an inner ring (11) which are concentric spherical rings, the outer ring (10) is fixedly connected to an outlet at the lower part of the duct (5) in a matching mode, the outer side of the inner ring (11) and the inner side of the outer ring (10) are matched assembly surfaces of the outer ring and the inner ring, and the outer ring and the inner ring are part of a circumferential circular ring of a spherical surface; the inner ring (11) is connected with the steering engine (8), is controlled by the steering engine (8) to generate a thrust vector, and slides up and down or circumferentially relative to the outer ring (10) around the center of the sphere;

be provided with battery (7), steering wheel (8), control circuit board (14) on duct (5) outer wall, battery (7) link to each other and supply power for it with control circuit board (14), and control circuit board (14) link to each other with motor (3) and steering wheel (8) again, supply power and control rotational speed or rocking arm angle for both.

2. The ball-type unmanned aerial vehicle of claim 1, wherein: the trailing edge of the blade of the fan (4) is in a sawtooth shape.

3. The ball-type unmanned aerial vehicle of claim 1, wherein: the external of the duct (5) is connected with a keel (13) for supporting a hollow spherical shell-shaped shell (12), and the duct (5) and the posture control cylinder (9) are wrapped in the shell (12).

4. The ball-type unmanned aerial vehicle of claim 1, wherein: the housing (12) is made of a flexible material.

5. The ball-type unmanned aerial vehicle of claim 1, wherein: the outer ring (10) and the inner ring (11) of the attitude control cylinder (9) are ball rings which penetrate through the center of the ball and are symmetrical up and down.

6. The ball-type unmanned aerial vehicle of claim 1, wherein: steering wheel (8) comprise steering wheel 1#, steering wheel 2#, and both are angle rigid couplings that 90 on circumference are on duct (5), and steering wheel 1# links firmly through the left side or the right side lower limb of connecting rod with inner ring (11), and the rocking arm of steering wheel 2# links firmly through the rear side or the front side lower limb of connecting rod with inner ring (11), and the steering wheel drives the connecting rod and contracts or release, exerts the power of push-and-pull to inner ring (11).

7. The ball-type unmanned aerial vehicle of claim 1, wherein: the lower edge of the outer ring (10) is lower than the center of the sphere, and the radius of the plane where the lower edge is located is smaller than the radius of the spherical surface.

8. The working method of the spherical unmanned aerial vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the rotating speed of a fan of the unmanned aerial vehicle determines the thrust of the airflow in the duct, and the rotating speeds of the two motors are increased simultaneously, so that the thrust of the airflow in the duct is increased, and the unmanned aerial vehicle ascends; the rotating speeds of the two motors are reduced simultaneously, the thrust of the airflow in the duct is reduced, and the unmanned aerial vehicle descends; when the upper motor and the lower motor in the duct have a rotation speed difference, the reaction torque generated by the counter-rotating fan cannot be completely offset, so that the yaw attitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle is controlled;

the inner ring is pushed and pulled by the steering engine to slide up and down in the outer ring, and the angle of the airflow at the outlet of the duct is deflected when the inner ring slides laterally, so that a vector thrust effect is generated; if the thrust direction line does not pass through the center of mass of the unmanned aerial vehicle, an attitude deflection torque is given to the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the attitudes in the rolling direction and the pitching direction of the unmanned aerial vehicle are controlled.

9. The working method of the spherical unmanned aerial vehicle of claim 8, wherein: the specific method for controlling the pitching attitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises the following steps:

the steering engine 1# keeps the neutral position and the rocker arm of the steering engine 2# drives the connecting rod to contract, so that the inner ring of the attitude control cylinder slides upwards on one side of the steering engine 2#, the airflow in the duct deflects towards the rear side direction of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the thrust point deviates from the mass center of the unmanned aerial vehicle at the moment, and a head raising moment is generated to raise the head of the unmanned aerial vehicle;

steering wheel 1# keeps neutral position motionless, and steering wheel 2# rocking arm drives the connecting rod and releases for the one side of attitude control section of thick bamboo inner ring at steering wheel 2# slides downwards, and the air current in the duct deflects to unmanned aerial vehicle front side direction, produces a low head moment this moment, makes unmanned aerial vehicle low head.

10. The working method of the spherical unmanned aerial vehicle of claim 8, wherein: the specific method for controlling the rolling attitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises the following steps: steering wheel 2# keeps neutral position motionless, and steering wheel 1# drives the connecting rod and contracts or release for the ducted outlet air current is directional about, and the directional skew unmanned aerial vehicle's of thrust centroidal controls the ascending gesture of its roll-over direction.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aircrafts, particularly relates to a spherical unmanned aerial vehicle and a working method thereof, and relates to a novel unmanned aerial vehicle structure and a control method thereof.

Background

In recent years, along with the improvement of relevant technologies such as aircraft design and automatic control, unmanned aircraft gradually enters the visual field of people, and the unmanned aircraft is greatly paid attention to the society because of having the advantages of small volume, low manufacturing cost, convenient use, strong adaptability and the like, and is not only applied to the military aspect, but also more and more widely applied to the civil aspect. The unmanned aerial vehicle is light in weight, low in use cost, flexible to use and high in operation efficiency, has incomparable advantages of other manual operations when a boring and long-time task is executed, and therefore, the unmanned aerial vehicle is gradually applied to aspects such as remote sensing aerial photography, earthquake relief, agriculture and forestry, environment monitoring, communication relay, express service and the like besides military use.

Common drone configurations are generally of the rotor and fixed wing type. Rotor type unmanned aerial vehicle's control technology is more mature at present, and the flight has advantages such as high stability, easy operation, reasonable price, has extensive market in aspects such as aerial photography, agricultural plant protection and industrial maintenance. The fixed wing type unmanned aerial vehicle is generally large in size, long in endurance time and strong in load, and has application in various fields such as military affairs, transportation and surveying and mapping. However, these two types of unmanned aerial vehicles are generally suitable for outdoor open places, and some rotor type unmanned aerial vehicles fly in order to realize narrow spaces such as indoor space, are sleeved with a reticular shell but are obviously heavy. On the other hand, both types of drones generally cannot withstand large impacts or falls, and in particular, fixed wing drones are generally fast and can seriously damage the fuselage once they are scratched by other objects.

The concept of a spherical aircraft is often found in some science fiction works. For example, in a science fiction movie, a geologist detects and scans a cave in order to detect that a cave emits a flashing ball, and the structure of the cave is directly displayed on a computer of an airship after scanning. The spherical aircraft is suitable for reconnaissance of some narrow spaces or complex terrains, and the actuating components are hidden in the aircraft body, so that the spherical aircraft has good safety.

In reality, the spherical aircraft is an aircraft with a special layout, and has the advantages that: the fuselage integration degree is high, and inner space is big, but VTOL and hover in the air, can find some similar cases in reality. In the second war, germany has secretly developed similar aircraft. During cold war, the army developed a vertical take-off and landing oblate spheroid aircraft (VZ-9Avrocar) with a large size fan at the center to provide lift and thrust for the aircraft, and the pilot can adjust the position of an air outlet circular ring hole outside the aircraft body through a control lever to change the direction of outlet airflow so as to control the flight attitude of the aircraft. The Fenstar 50 unmanned aerial vehicle in British is also in a flat-ball structure, a lift fan is arranged at the central top of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and a certain number of protruding wing tips are arranged on the periphery of a curved surface body at the downstream of the fan. U.S. a Fleye unmanned aerial vehicle adopts a single-duct single-propeller configuration, and six control surfaces are adopted at the outlet of a duct. Also of similar configuration are the Hovereye drone of france, the Fantail drone of singapore, the Embla drone of the uk, which are all single duct spoiler control solutions. In China, unmanned planes with similar layouts are available, such as the 'flourishing' police unmanned plane produced by Harbin Teifen, and a oblate spheroid aircraft is also shown in the Chinese Tianjin helicopter exposition of 2019, and introduced as a multipurpose aircraft.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the unmanned aerial vehicle which can work safely and reliably in a narrow space. The spherical aircraft designed by the invention has smooth and attractive appearance, compact and efficient structure, and can take off and land vertically and hover in the air. The housing is made of a flexible material and can elastically collide with the surrounding environment, thereby resisting impact. Meanwhile, action components (such as a fan and an attitude control cylinder) are hidden in the aircraft body, and the aircraft is safe and reliable in flight. Can be widely used for geological exploration, aerial photography, advertisement, performance, entertainment, toys and the like.

The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a spherical unmanned aerial vehicle comprises a hollow cylindrical duct which is communicated up and down, wherein the upper end of the duct is connected with a bowl-mouth-shaped duct air inlet, and the lower end of the duct is connected with an attitude control cylinder; the duct is internally provided with a horizontal upper motor support and a horizontal lower motor support, motors and fans are mounted on the upper motor support and the lower motor support, the upper motor and the lower motor rotate in opposite directions to drive the two fans to rotate in opposite directions, and meanwhile, lift force required by the unmanned aerial vehicle is generated;

the gesture control cylinder is composed of an outer ring and an inner ring which are concentric spherical rings, the outer ring is fixedly connected to an outlet at the lower part of the duct in a matching mode, the outer side of the inner ring and the inner side of the outer ring are matching assembly surfaces of the inner ring and the outer ring, and the outer ring and the inner ring are part of circumferential circular rings of a spherical surface; the inner ring is connected with the steering engine, is controlled by the steering engine to generate a thrust vector and slides up and down or circumferentially relative to the outer ring around the sphere center;

the outer wall of the duct is provided with a battery, a steering engine and a control circuit board, the battery is connected with the control circuit board and supplies power to the control circuit board, and the control circuit board is connected with the motor and the steering engine and supplies power to the motor and the steering engine and controls the rotating speed or the angle of the rocker arm.

Furthermore, the lower edge of the outer ring is lower than the center of the sphere, and the radius of the plane where the lower edge is located is smaller than the radius of the spherical surface, so that the inner ring cannot slide out.

Further, the trailing edge of the blade of the fan is serrated.

Furthermore, the duct is externally connected with a keel for supporting a hollow spherical shell-shaped shell, and the duct and the posture control cylinder are wrapped in the shell.

Further, the housing is made of a flexible material.

Further, the outer ring and the inner ring of the posture control cylinder are ball rings which penetrate through the center of the ball and are symmetrical up and down.

Furthermore, the steering wheel comprises steering wheel 1#, steering wheel 2#, and both are the angle rigid coupling that 90 on the circumference are on the duct, and steering wheel 1# links firmly through the connecting rod and the left side of inner ring or right side lower limb, and the rocking arm of steering wheel 2# links firmly through the connecting rod and the rear side of inner ring or front side lower limb, and the steering wheel drives the connecting rod and contracts or release, exerts the power of push-and-pull to the inner ring.

The invention also provides a working method of the spherical unmanned aerial vehicle, which comprises the following steps: the rotating speed of a fan of the unmanned aerial vehicle determines the thrust of the airflow in the duct, and the rotating speeds of the two motors are increased simultaneously, so that the thrust of the airflow in the duct is increased, and the unmanned aerial vehicle ascends; the rotating speeds of the two motors are reduced simultaneously, the thrust of the airflow in the duct is reduced, and the unmanned aerial vehicle descends; when the upper motor and the lower motor in the duct have a rotation speed difference, the reaction torque generated by the counter-rotating fan cannot be completely offset, so that the yaw attitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle is controlled;

the inner ring is pushed and pulled by the steering engine to slide up and down in the outer ring, and the angle of the airflow at the outlet of the duct is deflected when the inner ring slides laterally, so that a vector thrust effect is generated; if the thrust direction line does not pass through the center of mass of the unmanned aerial vehicle, an attitude deflection torque is given to the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the attitudes in the rolling direction and the pitching direction of the unmanned aerial vehicle are controlled.

Further, a specific method for controlling the pitching attitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle is as follows:

the steering engine 1# keeps the neutral position and the rocker arm of the steering engine 2# drives the connecting rod to contract, so that the inner ring of the attitude control cylinder slides upwards on one side of the steering engine 2#, the airflow in the duct deflects towards the rear side direction of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the thrust point deviates from the mass center of the unmanned aerial vehicle at the moment, and a head raising moment is generated to raise the head of the unmanned aerial vehicle;

steering wheel 1# keeps neutral position motionless, and steering wheel 2# rocking arm drives the connecting rod and releases for the one side of attitude control section of thick bamboo inner ring at steering wheel 2# slides downwards, and the air current in the duct deflects to unmanned aerial vehicle front side direction, produces a low head moment this moment, makes unmanned aerial vehicle low head.

Further, a specific method for controlling the roll attitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle comprises the following steps: steering wheel 2# keeps neutral position motionless, and steering wheel 1# drives the connecting rod and contracts or release for the ducted outlet air current is directional about, and the directional skew unmanned aerial vehicle's of thrust centroidal controls the ascending gesture of its roll-over direction.

Has the advantages that:

the invention designs a spherical unmanned aerial vehicle which is smooth and attractive in appearance, compact and efficient in structure, can vertically take off and land and hover in the air, and can be widely applied to aerial photography, advertisements, performances, entertainment, toys and the like. Compared with various existing unmanned aerial vehicles, the unmanned aerial vehicle has the following advantages:

1. the shell is made of flexible materials and can resist collision between the aircraft and foreign objects. The unmanned aerial vehicle fan and movable parts such as an attitude control cylinder are all hidden in the fuselage, so that the safety of the unmanned aerial vehicle can be greatly improved. On one hand, the action part is protected, and in some improper operation or narrow spaces, if the unmanned aerial vehicle collides with a building or the ground, the action part can be better protected by the unmanned aerial vehicle designed by the invention, so that the damage of the unmanned aerial vehicle is reduced. Meanwhile, the propeller of the traditional rotor unmanned aerial vehicle is easy to injure people when the operation is improper, and the unmanned aerial vehicle provided by the invention has no problem that the people are scratched by a fan, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle is very safe to use and is particularly suitable for being used by children, old people and other groups.

2. Compared with a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, the spherical unmanned aerial vehicle is simpler in structure. The multi-rotor needs at least three rotors, and the unmanned aerial vehicle only needs two motors and the fan, so that the size and the weight can be further reduced, and the cost is reduced. Meanwhile, compared with the fixed wing type unmanned aerial vehicle, the spherical unmanned aerial vehicle can take off and land vertically and hover in the air, is relatively simple to operate and can not be limited by a field.

3. The spherical unmanned aerial vehicle provided by the invention uses the ducted fan with the sawtooth tail edge. The serrated edge is found at the rear end of the outer casing of some novel civil aircraft engines, and the serrated edge has the functions of increasing the uniform mixing of the inner air flow and the outer air flow and reducing the aerodynamic noise. The unmanned aerial vehicle provided by the invention uses the fan with the sawtooth tail edge, and the noise of the unmanned aerial vehicle in flight is reduced by using the principle.

4. The spherical unmanned aerial vehicle is smooth and attractive in appearance. Besides the detection purpose suitable for narrow space, the device can also be used for performance, advertisement, children toys, and is matched with equipment such as a camera, and has excellent entertainment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a three-view illustration of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an exploded block diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an exploded block diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a method of operation of the attitude control cartridge of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the control principle of the present invention;

wherein: 1-a ducted air inlet; 2-mounting the motor on a support; 3, a motor; 4-a fan; 5-a duct; 6-lower motor support; 7-a battery; 8-a steering engine; 9-attitude control cylinder; 10-the outer ring; 11-inner ring; 12-a housing; 13-keel; 14-control circuit board.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.

Fig. 1 shows a spherical unmanned aerial vehicle designed by the invention, the core component of which is a duct 5 in the middle, and an upper motor mounting seat and a lower motor mounting seat which are respectively an upper motor support 2 and a lower motor support 6 are arranged in the duct and are respectively provided with a motor 3. Wherein, the motor of top is installed downwards, and the motor of below is installed upwards, and two motors are changeed to the contra-rotating to drive has the fan 4 of sawtooth trailing edge, and unmanned aerial vehicle power that rises just is provided by the fan. Simultaneously, two fans are because along with the motor is to changeing, and the reaction torque that its produced offsets each other, if two motors have certain rotational speed difference, then can be used to control unmanned aerial vehicle's driftage.

The upper end of the duct is connected with the air inlet 1, and the lower end of the duct is connected with the attitude control cylinder 9. The posture control cylinder comprises an outer ring 10 and an inner ring 11, wherein both are concentric spherical rings which are tightly attached but not fixedly connected, and the inner ring can slide up and down or circumferentially relative to the outer ring around the center of a sphere. The outer ring is fixedly connected with the duct, the inner ring can be pushed and pulled by the steering engine 8 to slide in the inner part of the outer ring, and the angle of the airflow at the outlet of the duct can be deflected when the inner ring slides laterally, so that a vector thrust effect is generated. If the thrust direction line does not pass through the center of mass of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the thrust direction line gives the unmanned aerial vehicle an attitude deflection torque, and the torque can control the attitudes of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the rolling direction and the pitching direction.

The outside of duct 5 outer wall is connected with unmanned aerial vehicle's fossil fragments 13, and its ball-type shell 12 that is used for supporting unmanned aerial vehicle. And a space between the duct wall and the shell is used for storing a battery 7, a steering engine 8, a control circuit board 14 and other electronic equipment of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The mounting positions of these components inside need to be carefully adjusted so that the center of mass of the final drone is on its central axis.