阅读说明：本技术 一种安全环保的煤矿许用乳化炸药及其制备方法 (Safe and environment-friendly allowable emulsion explosive for coal mine and preparation method thereof ) 是由 汪书生 陈建国 罗佳勇 于 2020-05-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于乳化炸药技术领域,具体涉及一种安全环保的煤矿许用乳化炸药及其制备方法。一种煤矿许用乳化炸药,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料制成：硝酸铵65-75份、硝酸钠5-12份、水8-13份、氯化钾3-6份、机油0.5-1份、复合蜡3-4份、司盘80 2.5-3份以及敏化剂多孔淀粉1-2份。以上炸药配方采用多孔淀粉进行敏化,具有敏化效果好、价格低廉、无毒无害以及易于降解的优点。(The invention belongs to the technical field of emulsion explosives, and particularly relates to a safe and environment-friendly allowable emulsion explosive for a coal mine and a preparation method thereof. The allowable emulsion explosive for the coal mine is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-75 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5-12 parts of sodium nitrate, 8-13 parts of water, 3-6 parts of potassium chloride, 0.5-1 part of engine oil, 3-4 parts of composite wax, 802.5-3 parts of span and 1-2 parts of sensitizer porous starch. The formula of the explosive adopts porous starch for sensitization, and has the advantages of good sensitization effect, low price, no toxicity, no harm and easy degradation.)

1. The safe and environment-friendly allowable emulsion explosive for the coal mine is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-75 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5-12 parts of sodium nitrate, 8-13 parts of water, 3-6 parts of potassium chloride, 0.5-1 part of engine oil, 3-4 parts of composite wax, 802.5-3 parts of span and 1-2 parts of sensitizer porous starch.

2. The safe and environment-friendly allowable emulsion explosive for coal mines as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 71 parts of ammonium nitrate, 6 parts of sodium nitrate, 8.5 parts of water, 4.5 parts of potassium chloride, 0.5 part of engine oil, 3.5 parts of composite wax, 802.5 parts of span and 1.5 parts of sensitizer porous starch.

3. The safe and environment-friendly allowable emulsion explosive for coal mines as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the porous starch is prepared by reacting corn starch serving as a raw material, span 80 serving as an emulsifier, sodium trimetaphosphate serving as a cross-linking agent, engine oil serving as an oil phase and polyethylene glycol 4000 serving as a pore-forming agent.

4. The safe and environment-friendly coal mine permitted emulsion explosive according to claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the porous starch comprises the following steps: adding span 80 with the mass of 2-3% of the engine oil into the engine oil for emulsification, stirring and dispersing at 50-55 ℃ for 10-15min to obtain an engine oil emulsion, and keeping the temperature for later use; adding corn starch accounting for 5-7% of the weight of the NaOH aqueous solution, sodium trimetaphosphate accounting for 20-25% of the weight of the corn starch and polyethylene glycol 4000 accounting for 30-40% of the weight of the corn starch into the NaOH aqueous solution with the concentration of 1-2%, and uniformly stirring to obtain corn starch gelatinized milk; and (2) dripping the corn gelatinized milk into the engine oil emulsion, wherein the mass ratio of the corn gelatinized milk to the engine oil emulsion is 1 (2-3), stirring and reacting at 50-55 ℃ for 4-5h, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the obtained solid by ethyl acetate, absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone in sequence, and drying at 40-45 ℃ for 8-10h to obtain the engine oil emulsion.

5. The safe and environment-friendly coal mine permitted emulsion explosive according to claim 4, characterized in that the porosity of the porous starch prepared by the method is more than 85%.

6. The safe and environment-friendly coal mine permitted emulsion explosive according to claim 4, characterized in that the particle size of the porous starch prepared by the method is 80-100 nm.

7. The preparation method of the safe and environment-friendly allowable emulsion explosive for coal mines as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) preparing porous starch: adding span 80 with the mass of 2-3% of the engine oil into the engine oil for emulsification, stirring and dispersing at 50-55 ℃ for 10-15min to obtain an engine oil emulsion, and keeping the temperature for later use; adding corn starch accounting for 5-7% of the weight of the NaOH aqueous solution, sodium trimetaphosphate accounting for 20-25% of the weight of the corn starch and polyethylene glycol 4000 accounting for 30-40% of the weight of the corn starch into the NaOH aqueous solution with the concentration of 1-2%, and uniformly stirring to obtain corn starch gelatinized milk; dripping the corn gelatinized milk into the engine oil emulsion, wherein the mass ratio of the corn gelatinized milk to the engine oil emulsion is 1 (2-3), stirring and reacting at 50-55 ℃ for 4-5h, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the obtained solid by ethyl acetate, absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone in sequence, and drying at 40-45 ℃ for 8-10h to obtain the engine oil emulsion;

2) preparing an emulsion explosive: sequentially adding 3-6 parts of potassium chloride, 5-12 parts of sodium nitrate and 65-75 parts of ammonium nitrate into 8-13 parts of water, starting to heat and stir after the addition of materials is finished, and heating to 85-90 ℃ to obtain a water phase; heating 0.5-1 part of engine oil and 3-4 parts of composite wax to melt, adding 2.5-3 parts of span 80, and heating to 85-90 ℃ to obtain an oil phase; and (3) dripping the water phase into the oil phase, uniformly stirring at 85-90 ℃ to obtain an emulsion matrix, adding 1-2 parts of porous starch into the emulsion matrix for sensitization, uniformly stirring, and packaging to obtain the emulsion.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of emulsion explosives, and particularly relates to a safe and environment-friendly allowable emulsion explosive for a coal mine and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The coal mine permitted explosive is an explosive used for mine internal blasting operation with the risk of methane or mine dust explosion. The emulsion explosive is a novel coal mine allowable explosive developed in recent ten years, and because the components of the emulsion explosive contain a large amount of water and the explosion temperature is low, the emulsion explosive is favorable for improving the safety and has a good development prospect. The emulsion explosive is a water-in-oil type emulsion matrix formed by uniformly dispersing an oxidant aqueous solution in small droplets in an oil phase fuel through the emulsification of an emulsifier by using a supersaturated aqueous solution of oxidant salts and the oil phase fuel which is not miscible with water, and a large number of micro bubbles are uniformly distributed in the emulsion matrix through a physical or chemical method. Chemical sensitization generally uses sodium nitrite as a sensitizer, which has a large toxicity. The physical sensitization method generally adopts hollow glass microspheres as a sensitizing agent, the hollow glass microspheres belong to glass products, and the hollow glass microspheres used as the sensitizing agent have the defects of poor safety, difficult degradation, high price and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the safe and environment-friendly allowable emulsion explosive for the coal mine and the preparation method thereof, and the emulsion explosive is sensitized by adopting the porous starch and has the advantages of safe use, good sensitization effect, low price, no toxicity, no harm and easy degradation.

The invention solves the technical problem by adopting the technical scheme that the safe and environment-friendly allowable emulsion explosive for the coal mine is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-75 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5-12 parts of sodium nitrate, 8-13 parts of water, 3-6 parts of potassium chloride, 0.5-1 part of engine oil, 3-4 parts of composite wax, 802.5-3 parts of span and 1-2 parts of sensitizer porous starch.

In the invention, ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate are used as oxidants, potassium chloride is used as a smoke suppressor, and the oxidants and the smoke suppressor are dissolved in water to be used as a water phase; taking composite wax and engine oil as reducing agents, and adding span 80 to prepare an oil phase; mixing the water phase and the oil phase to prepare an emulsion matrix, and sensitizing the emulsion matrix by adopting porous starch as a sensitizing agent.

Preferably, 71 parts of ammonium nitrate, 6 parts of sodium nitrate, 8.5 parts of water, 4.5 parts of potassium chloride, 0.5 part of engine oil, 3.5 parts of composite wax, 802.5 parts of span and 1.5 parts of sensitizer porous starch.

Preferably, the porous starch is prepared by reacting corn starch serving as a raw material, span 80 serving as an emulsifier, sodium trimetaphosphate serving as a cross-linking agent, engine oil serving as an oil phase and polyethylene glycol 4000 serving as a pore-forming agent.

Preferably, the preparation method of the porous starch comprises the following steps: adding span 80 with the mass of 2-3% of the engine oil into the engine oil for emulsification, stirring and dispersing at 50-55 ℃ for 10-15min to obtain an engine oil emulsion, and keeping the temperature for later use; adding corn starch accounting for 5-7% of the weight of the NaOH aqueous solution, sodium trimetaphosphate accounting for 20-25% of the weight of the corn starch and polyethylene glycol 4000 accounting for 30-40% of the weight of the corn starch into the NaOH aqueous solution with the concentration of 1-2%, and uniformly stirring to obtain corn starch gelatinized milk; and (2) dripping the corn gelatinized milk into the engine oil emulsion, wherein the mass ratio of the corn gelatinized milk to the engine oil emulsion is 1 (2-3), stirring and reacting at 50-55 ℃ for 4-5h, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the obtained solid by ethyl acetate, absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone in sequence, and drying at 40-45 ℃ for 8-10h to obtain the engine oil emulsion.

Preferably, the porosity of the porous starch prepared by the method is more than 85%.

Preferably, the particle size of the porous starch prepared by the method is 80-100 nm.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the safe and environment-friendly allowable emulsion explosive for the coal mine, which comprises the following steps:

1) preparing porous starch: adding span 80 with the mass of 2-3% of the engine oil into the engine oil for emulsification, stirring and dispersing at 50-55 ℃ for 10-15min to obtain an engine oil emulsion, and keeping the temperature for later use; adding corn starch accounting for 5-7% of the weight of the NaOH aqueous solution, sodium trimetaphosphate accounting for 20-25% of the weight of the corn starch and polyethylene glycol 4000 accounting for 30-40% of the weight of the corn starch into the NaOH aqueous solution with the concentration of 1-2%, and uniformly stirring to obtain corn starch gelatinized milk; dripping the corn gelatinized milk into the engine oil emulsion, wherein the mass ratio of the corn gelatinized milk to the engine oil emulsion is 1 (2-3), stirring and reacting at 50-55 ℃ for 4-5h, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the obtained solid by ethyl acetate, absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone in sequence, and drying at 40-45 ℃ for 8-10h to obtain the engine oil emulsion;

2) preparing an emulsion explosive: sequentially adding 3-6 parts of potassium chloride, 5-12 parts of sodium nitrate and 65-75 parts of ammonium nitrate into 8-13 parts of water, starting to heat and stir after the addition of materials is finished, and heating to 85-90 ℃ to obtain a water phase; heating 0.5-1 part of engine oil and 3-4 parts of composite wax to melt, adding 2.5-3 parts of span 80, and heating to 85-90 ℃ to obtain an oil phase; and (3) dripping the water phase into the oil phase, uniformly stirring at 85-90 ℃ to obtain an emulsion matrix, adding 1-2 parts of porous starch into the emulsion matrix for sensitization, uniformly stirring, and packaging to obtain the emulsion.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the porous starch is a hollow structure with a porous surface, has a large specific surface area and high porosity, can form a large amount of micro bubbles in a matrix when being mixed with a latex matrix, has a good sensitization effect, and can replace porous glass microspheres in the prior art. In addition, the porous starch has better hydrophilic and oleophilic properties, and can improve the emulsifying effect of the emulsifying matrix. The obtained emulsion explosive has better storage performance, the porous starch does not generate substances which are toxic and harmful to human bodies after the explosive explodes, and the porous starch is easy to degrade in the environment and does not pollute the soil around the explosion. In addition, the porous starch used as a sensitizer has the advantage of low cost.

Detailed Description

The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The raw materials in the following examples are all commercially available products and are commercially available, unless otherwise specified. The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples: