阅读说明：本技术 用于协调发动机气缸中的爆震的系统和方法 (System and method for coordinating knock in an engine cylinder ) 是由 谢明峰 O·A·哈尔希 于 2019-01-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种用于协调包括在发动机中的多个气缸中的爆震的系统,该系统包括多个爆震传感器和耦合至多个爆震传感器中的每个的控制器。所述控制器被配置为接收与多个爆震传感器中的每个爆震传感器相应的多个气缸爆震值,并接收平均爆震值。所述控制器根据所述平均爆震值和气缸爆震值来确定多个气缸中的每个气缸的气缸火花正时偏移值。所述控制器确定平均火花正时偏移值。所述控制器还通过从多个气缸中的每个气缸的火花正时值中减去平均火花正时偏移值,来确定多个气缸中的每个气缸的调整后的火花正时值。(A system for coordinating knock in a plurality of cylinders included in an engine includes a plurality of knock sensors and a controller coupled to each of the plurality of knock sensors. The controller is configured to receive a plurality of cylinder knock values corresponding to each of a plurality of knock sensors and receive an average knock value. The controller determines a cylinder spark timing offset value for each of a plurality of cylinders based on the average knock value and a cylinder knock value. The controller determines an average spark timing offset value. The controller also determines an adjusted spark timing value for each of the plurality of cylinders by subtracting the average spark timing offset value from the spark timing value for each of the plurality of cylinders.)

1. A system for coordinating knocking in a plurality of cylinders included in an engine, characterized in that the system comprises

A plurality of knock sensors; and

a controller coupled to each of the plurality of knock sensors, the controller configured to:

receiving a plurality of cylinder knock values corresponding to each of a plurality of knock sensors,

the average knock value is received and,

determining a cylinder spark timing offset value for each of the plurality of cylinders based on the average knock value and the cylinder knock value;

determining an average spark timing offset value, an

Determining an adjusted spark timing value for each of the plurality of cylinders by subtracting the average spark timing offset value from the spark timing value for each of the plurality of cylinders.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the average knock value comprises an average of the plurality of cylinder knock values.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the cylinder spark timing offset value comprises a difference between the average knock value and the cylinder knock value for each of the plurality of cylinders.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to:

determining a net spark timing offset value by adding the cylinder spark timing offset values for each of the plurality of cylinders; and

dividing the net spark timing offset value by the number of the plurality of cylinders to determine the average spark timing offset value.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a plurality of spark ignition assemblies, each of the plurality of spark ignition assemblies coupled to a respective cylinder of the plurality of cylinders,

wherein the controller is coupled to the plurality of spark ignition assemblies, the controller further configured to:

activating each of the plurality of spark ignition assemblies based on the adjusted spark timing value for each of the plurality of cylinders.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller comprises a low pass filter having a large time constant in a range of 10 seconds to 30 seconds.

7. The system of claim 1, further comprising an averaging circuit configured to determine the average knock value.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the averaging circuit comprises an operational amplifier and a summing amplifier.

9. A control system for coordinating knock in a plurality of cylinders included in an engine, comprising

An averaging circuit configured to:

receiving a plurality of cylinder knock values from a plurality of knock sensors, each of the plurality of knock sensors coupled to a respective cylinder of the plurality of cylinders, an

Determining an average knock value from the plurality of cylinder knock values;

a subtractor circuit configured to determine a cylinder spark timing offset value for each of the plurality of cylinders based on the average knock value and the cylinder knock value;

an adjusted spark timing offset determination controller configured to:

determining an average spark timing offset value, an

Determining an adjusted spark timing value for each of the plurality of cylinders by subtracting the average spark timing offset value from the spark timing value for each of the plurality of cylinders.

10. The control system of claim 9, wherein the average knock value comprises an average of the plurality of cylinder knock values.

11. The control system of claim 9, wherein the cylinder spark timing offset value comprises a difference between the average knock value and the cylinder knock value for each of the plurality of cylinders.

12. The control system of claim 9, wherein the adjusted spark timing offset determination controller is further configured to:

determining a net spark timing offset value by adding the cylinder spark timing offset values for each of the plurality of cylinders; and

dividing the net spark timing offset value by the number of the plurality of cylinders to determine the average spark timing offset value.

13. The control system of claim 9, further comprising: an adaptive controller coupled to a plurality of spark ignition assemblies, each coupled to a respective cylinder of the plurality of cylinders,

wherein the adaptive controller is configured to activate each of the plurality of spark ignition components based on the adjusted spark timing value for each of the plurality of cylinders.

14. The control system of claim 1, wherein the averaging circuit comprises an operational amplifier and a summing amplifier.

15. A method, comprising:

an average knock value is determined based on a plurality of knock values associated with a respective plurality of cylinders of the engine,

determining a cylinder spark timing offset value for each of the plurality of cylinders based on the average knock value and a cylinder knock value,

determining an average spark timing offset value, an

Determining an adjusted spark timing value for each of the plurality of cylinders by subtracting the average spark timing offset value from the spark timing value for each of the plurality of cylinders.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: a plurality of knock values are received from a plurality of knock sensors, each of the plurality of knock sensors coupled to a respective cylinder of the plurality of cylinders.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the average knock value comprises an average of a plurality of cylinder knock values.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein the cylinder spark timing offset value comprises a difference between the average knock value and the cylinder knock value for each of the plurality of cylinders.

19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

determining a net spark timing offset value by adding the cylinder spark timing offset values for each of the plurality of cylinders; and

dividing the net spark timing offset value by the number of the plurality of cylinders to determine the average spark timing offset value.

20. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

activating each of a plurality of spark ignition components coupled to a respective one of the plurality of cylinders based on the adjusted spark timing value for each of the plurality of cylinders.

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates generally to control systems for controlling and coordinating knock in a plurality of engine cylinders.

Background

An Internal Combustion (IC) engine includes one or more engine cylinders configured to receive fuel and ignite the fuel to produce mechanical power. Spark-ignition IC engines use an ignition source (e.g., an arc generated by a spark plug coupled to a cylinder of the engine) to ignite a charge (i.e., an air/fuel mixture). IC engines are susceptible to knock when the air/fuel mixture (e.g., air mixed with gasoline, natural gas, liquid petroleum gas, alcohol, diesel, or any other fuel or mixture thereof) is prematurely or unexpectedly combusted (e.g., in a four-stroke engine, before the engine's piston reaches top dead center during or without the compression stroke).

Various studies have shown that the performance and robustness of natural gas engines can be significantly improved by minimizing cylinder-to-cylinder combustion variations. Knock sensors mounted on each cylinder can provide valuable feedback for knowing combustion differences in multi-cylinder engines. However, the knock sensor measurement is very noisy. Knocking of the cylinder has a strong correlation with the Spark Timing (ST). Therefore, the spark ignition timing must be accurately controlled to reduce knocking.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiments described herein relate generally to systems and methods for coordinating knock in a plurality of engine cylinders, and more particularly to systems and methods for controlling the ST of a plurality of engine cylinders by subtracting an average ST value from the ST value of each of the plurality of engine cylinders to determine an adjusted ST value for each of the plurality of cylinders.

In some embodiments, a system for coordinating knock in a plurality of cylinders included in an engine includes a plurality of knock sensors. A controller is coupled to each of the plurality of knock sensors. The controller is configured to receive a plurality of cylinder knock values corresponding to a plurality of knock sensors. The controller also receives an average knock value. The controller determines a cylinder ST offset value among the plurality of cylinders based on the average knock value and the cylinder knock value. The controller determines an average ST offset value. The controller also determines an adjusted ST value for each of the plurality of cylinders by subtracting the average ST offset value from the ST value for each of the plurality of cylinders.

In some embodiments, a control system for coordinating knock in a plurality of cylinders included in an engine includes an averaging circuit configured to: receiving a plurality of cylinder knock values from a plurality of knock sensors, each of the plurality of knock sensors being coupled to a respective cylinder of the plurality of cylinders and determining an average knock value from the plurality of cylinder knock values; a subtractor circuit configured to determine a cylinder ST offset value for each of the plurality of cylinders from the average knock value and the cylinder knock value; an adjusted ST offset determination controller configured to: an average ST offset value is determined and an adjusted spark timing value for each of the plurality of cylinders is determined by subtracting the average ST offset value from the ST value for each of the plurality of cylinders.

In some embodiments, a method includes determining an average knock value based on a plurality of knock values associated with a respective plurality of cylinders of an engine, determining a cylinder ST offset value for each of the plurality of cylinders as a function of the average knock value and the cylinder knock value, and determining an adjusted ST value for each of the plurality of cylinders by subtracting the average ST offset value from the ST value for each of the plurality of cylinders.

It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts discussed in greater detail below (provided that such concepts do not contradict each other) are considered a part of the subject matter disclosed herein. In particular, all combinations of claimed subject matter appearing at the end of this disclosure are considered to be part of the subject matter disclosed herein.

Drawings

The foregoing and other features of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only several embodiments in accordance with the disclosure and are, therefore, not to be considered limiting of its scope, the disclosure will be described with additional specificity and detail through use of the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for coordinating knock in a plurality of cylinders included in an engine, according to one embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a controller that may be used in the system of FIG. 1 according to one embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a control system that may be used in the system of FIG. 1 according to one embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a method for coordinating knock in a plurality of cylinders included in an engine according to one embodiment.

Throughout the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like numerals generally identify like components, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented here. It will be understood that aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein, and illustrated in the figures, can be arranged, substituted, combined, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are explicitly contemplated and made part of this disclosure.

Detailed Description

The embodiments described herein relate generally to systems and methods for coordinating knock in a plurality of engine cylinders, and more particularly to systems and methods for controlling the ST of a plurality of engine cylinders by subtracting an average ST value from the ST value of each of the plurality of engine cylinders to determine an adjusted ST value for each of the plurality of cylinders.

In an IC engine, the air-fuel mixture should ignite at the exact point of the engine piston stroke. Knock occurs when the peak of the combustion process no longer occurs at the optimum time of the engine combustion cycle (e.g., the four-stroke cycle). The shock wave produces the typical metal "pop" sound and the cylinder pressure increases dramatically. The effects of engine knock range from insignificant to complete destruction. Knock may reduce the power produced by the engine, acceleration losses, and fuel mileage.

Various studies have shown that the performance and durability of IC engines, particularly natural gas engines, can be significantly improved by minimizing combustion variation between cylinders. Knock sensors mounted on each cylinder can provide valuable feedback for accounting for combustion differences in multi-cylinder engines. However, the knock sensor measurement is very noisy. Knocking of the cylinder is closely related to the spark timing. Therefore, the spark ignition timing must be accurately controlled to reduce knocking.

In particular, for natural gas engines, spark timing has a strong correlation with thermal efficiency. Advancing the average spark timing of cylinders included in a natural gas engine may increase thermal efficiency. In conventional systems, knock of a single cylinder is monitored and controlled without regard to knock of other cylinders. This may result in one cylinder of the engine reaching knock limit, but the other cylinders underperforming. Coordinating the knock of all cylinders so that each cylinder has approximately the same knock may improve engine performance. In particular, controlling knock for all cylinders to a given target may limit combustion variations and may provide robustness against noise factors (e.g., variations in fuel quality or environmental conditions).

Various embodiments of the systems and methods described herein may provide one or more benefits, including, for example: (1) coordinating knock of all cylinders included in the engine to reduce knock imbalance among the cylinders; (2) preventing any cylinder from reaching knock limit, preventing adverse effects on the engine; (3) improving engine performance, efficiency and robustness.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system 100 for coordinating knock of a plurality of cylinders 20 included in an engine 10, according to one embodiment. The system 100 includes a plurality of knock sensors 130 and a controller 170, and in some embodiments, a plurality of spark ignition assemblies 140. The controller 170 is configured to adjust each ST value in the plurality of cylinders 20 among the plurality of cylinders 20 to coordinate its knock value and enhance the efficiency and performance of the engine 10.

For example, the knock value indicates the possibility of occurrence of knocking in the cylinder 20. The knock value may be measured as an electrical signal (e.g., current or voltage) corresponding to an amount of vibration measured in one cylinder 20 of the plurality of cylinders 20, the amount of vibration being proportional to knock in the corresponding cylinder 20. In this regard, the amount of vibration that exceeds a certain threshold (e.g., the measured voltage is greater than a voltage threshold) may correspond to knocking occurring in the corresponding cylinder 20. As described herein, "coordinate knocking" means that the knock values of each of the plurality of cylinders 20 are controlled within a predetermined amount of each other. In one embodiment, the predetermined amount is +/-25%. In a more particular embodiment, the predetermined amount is +/-10%. Of course, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the range of values that can be achieved in a predetermined amount, such that the foregoing two described embodiments are not meant to be exhaustive or limiting.

The engine 10 comprises an IC engine, which may include a diesel engine, a gasoline engine, a natural gas engine, a biofuel (e.g., biodiesel) engine, or a dual fuel (e.g., diesel and natural gas) engine. The engine 10 includes a plurality of cylinders 20. Each cylinder 20 of the plurality of cylinders 20 is configured to receive fuel and compress the fuel to a predetermined ratio (e.g., via a piston included in the cylinder 20). Although shown as including four cylinders 20, in other embodiments, the engine 10 may include any number of cylinders, such as 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, or more. In other arrangements, the concepts described herein may also be implemented with various IC engines that do not include cylinders, such as a Wankel rotary engine.

Each of the plurality of spark ignition assemblies 140 is operatively coupled to a respective cylinder 20 of the plurality of cylinders 20. The plurality of spark ignition assemblies 140 may include spark plugs configured to provide an ignition source (e.g., an electric spark) to ignite the fuel compressed in the respective cylinder 20 at a particular spark time determined by the controller 170.

Each of the plurality of knock sensors 130 is coupled to a respective cylinder 20 of the plurality of cylinders 20. In particular embodiments, the knock sensor 130 may include a piezoelectric sensor including, for example, a piezoelectric crystal and a resistor. The piezoelectric crystal is configured to generate a voltage when displaced due to vibration caused by knocking. Each of the plurality of knock sensors 130 may be mounted on an engine cylinder head of a respective cylinder 20, an engine block, or an intake manifold of the engine 10 proximate its respective cylinder 20.

As described previously, knocking is caused when the fuel in the cylinder 20 is pre-ignited. This generates a characteristic vibration corresponding to the amount of knocking, i.e., the explosive force of the pre-ignition. Higher knock corresponds to stronger ignition or greater ignition, and therefore the amount of vibration is greater. The plurality of knock sensors 130 are configured to measure vibrations and generate knock sensor signals, such as voltages or currents, having magnitudes corresponding to the amount of vibrations, i.e., knock values, in the corresponding cylinders 20.

The controller 170 is coupled to each of the plurality of knock sensors 130. The controller 170 may be operatively coupled to the engine 10 or a plurality of knock sensors and/or other components of a vehicle that includes the engine 10 using any type and any number of wired or wireless couplings. For example, the wired coupling may include a serial cable, a fiber optic cable, a CAT5 cable, or any other form of wired coupling. The wireless coupling may include the Internet, Wi-Fi, cellular, radio, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and the like. In one embodiment, a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus provides for the exchange of signals, information, and/or data. The CAN bus includes any number of wired and wireless connections.

The controller 170 is configured to receive a plurality of cylinder knock values corresponding to knock in each of the plurality of cylinders 20. For example, each of the plurality of knock sensors 130 may be operatively coupled to a knock sensor controller or other circuitry (e.g., the averaging circuit 272 described with respect to fig. 3), coupled to the controller 170, and configured to provide a cylinder knock value. The controller 170 also receives an average knock value (e.g., from the averaging circuit 272).

In other embodiments, the controller 170 may be coupled to each of the plurality of knock sensors 130 and configured to receive a knock sensor signal (e.g., current or voltage) therefrom. The controller 170 may be configured to determine a knock value from the knock sensor signal, for example, using an algorithm or a look-up table, to thereby determine a cylinder knock value. The controller 170 determines an average knock value from the cylinder knock values, the average knock value comprising an average of a plurality of cylinder knock values.

In a particular arrangement, the controller 170 may include a low pass filter having a long time constant (e.g., in the range of 10 seconds to 30 seconds). The controller 170 is configured to determine a cylinder ST offset value for each of the plurality of cylinders 20 based on the average knock value and the cylinder knock value. The cylinder ST offset value may include, for example, a difference between the average knock value and the cylinder knock value for each of the plurality of cylinders 20. The controller 170 is further configured to determine an average ST offset value. For example, the controller 170 may be configured to sum the ST offset values for each of the plurality of cylinders 20 to determine a net ST offset value. The net ST offset value is then divided by the number of the plurality of cylinders 20 to determine an average ST offset value.

The controller 170 is configured to determine an adjusted ST value for each of the plurality of cylinders 20 by subtracting the average ST offset value from the ST value for each of the plurality of cylinders 20. For example, the ST value may be determined from a spark timing map or look-up table stored in a memory of controller 170 or an engine control unit associated with engine 10. The ST value for each of the plurality of cylinders 20 corresponds to a time at which a spark is configured to be provided in the corresponding cylinder 20, which may be determined, for example, when initially assembling or calibrating the engine 10. Subtracting the average ST offset value (i.e., the determined adjusted ST value), i.e., the timing of spark ignition for each of the plurality of cylinders 20, from the ST value for each cylinder may retard (e.g., if the average cylinder ST value is negative) or advance (e.g., if the average ST value is positive). In some embodiments, the controller 170 may also be coupled to each of the plurality of spark ignition assemblies 140. In such embodiments, the controller 170 may be configured to activate each of the plurality of spark ignition assemblies 140 based on the adjusted ST value for the respective one of the plurality of cylinders 20.

In various embodiments, controller 170 may include an electronic control unit configured to receive various signals from the plurality of knock sensors 130, determine an adjusted ST value for each cylinder 20, and command the plurality of spark ignition assemblies 140 to provide ignition spark in the respective cylinders 20 based on the adjusted ST values. Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the controller 170 according to an example embodiment. The controller 170 includes a processing circuit 171 (the processing circuit 171 having a processor 172 and a memory 173), a knock sensing circuit 174, and a communication interface 190. The controller 170 also includes a response management circuit 180 having an adjusted ST value determination circuit 182 and an ST control circuit 184.

The processor 172 may include a microprocessor, a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) chip, an ASIC chip, or any other suitable processor. The processor 172 is communicatively connected to the memory 173 and is configured to execute instructions, algorithms, commands, or other programs stored in the memory 173. The memory 173 may include any memory and/or storage component discussed herein. For example, memory 173 may include RAM and/or cache memory of processor 172. The memory 173 can also include one or more storage devices (e.g., hard disk drives, flash drives, computer-readable media, etc.) local to the controller 170 or remote from the controller 170. The memory 173 is configured to store a look-up table (e.g., an ST look-up table or map), an algorithm, or instructions.

In one configuration, knock sensing circuitry 174 and response management circuitry 180 are embodied as a machine or computer readable medium (e.g., stored in memory 173) that may be executed by a processor (e.g., processor 172). As described herein, and for other purposes, a machine-readable medium (e.g., memory 173) facilitates performing certain operations to enable the reception and transmission of data. For example, a machine-readable medium may provide instructions (e.g., commands, etc.) to, for example, retrieve data. In this regard, the machine-readable medium may include programmable logic that defines a data acquisition frequency (or data transmission). Thus, the computer-readable medium may include code that may be written in any programming language, including but not limited to Java and the like, and any conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program code may be executed on one processor or on multiple remote processors. In the latter case, the remote processors may be coupled to each other by any type of network (e.g., CAN bus, etc.).

In another configuration, the knock sensing circuit 174 and the response management circuit 180 are embodied as hardware units, such as electronic control units. As such, the knock sensing circuit 174 and the response management circuit 180 may be embodied as one or more circuit components including, but not limited to, processing circuits, network interfaces, peripherals, input devices, output devices, sensors, and the like. In some embodiments, knock sensing circuitry 174 and response management circuitry 180 may take the form of one or more of analog circuitry, electronic circuitry (e.g., Integrated Circuits (ICs), discrete circuits, system-on-chip (SOCs) circuitry, microcontrollers, etc.), telecommunications circuitry, hybrid circuitry, and any other type of "circuitry". In this regard, the knock sensing circuit 174 and the response management circuit 180 may include any type of components for implementing or facilitating implementation of the operations described herein. For example, the circuits described herein may include one OR more transistors, logic gates (e.g., NAND, AND, NOR, OR, XOR, NOT, XNOR, etc.), resistors, multiplexers, registers, capacitors, inductors, diodes, wiring, AND so forth).

Accordingly, the knock sensing circuit 174 and/or the response management circuit 180 may also include programmable hardware devices such as programmable gate arrays, programmable array logic, programmable logic devices, or the like. In this regard, the knock sensing circuit 174 and the response management circuit 180 may include one or more memory devices for storing instructions executable by the processors of the knock sensing circuit 174 and the response management circuit 180. The one or more memory devices and the processor may have the same definitions as provided below with respect to the memory 173 and the processor 172.

In the example shown, the controller 170 includes a processing circuit 171 having a processor 172 and a memory 173. The processing circuitry 171 may be constructed or configured to execute or implement the instructions, commands, and/or control processes described herein with respect to the knock sensing circuitry 174 and the response management circuitry 180. Accordingly, the depicted configuration represents the foregoing arrangement, wherein knock sensing circuit 174 and response management circuit 180 are embodied as machine or computer readable media. However, as noted above, this illustration is not meant to be limiting as the present disclosure contemplates other embodiments such as the aforementioned embodiments in which at least one of the knock sensing circuit 174 and the response management circuit 180 or the knock sensing circuit 174 and the response management circuit 180 are configured as hardware units. All such combinations and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

The processor 172 may be implemented as one or more general processors, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), a set of processing components, or other suitable electronic processing components. In some embodiments, one or more processors may be shared by multiple circuits (e.g., knock sensing circuit 174 and response management circuit 180), which may include or share the same processor, which in some example embodiments may execute stored instructions, or be accessed through different memory regions). Alternatively or additionally, one or more processors may be configured to perform or otherwise perform certain operations independently of one or more coprocessors. In other example embodiments, two or more processors may be coupled by a bus to implement independent, parallel, pipelined, or multi-threaded instruction execution. All such variations are intended to fall within the scope of the present disclosure. Memory 173 (e.g., RAM, ROM, flash memory, hard disk memory, etc.) may store data and/or computer code for facilitating the various processes described herein. The memory 173 may be communicatively coupled to the processor 172 to provide computer code or instructions to the processor 172 to perform at least some of the processing described herein. Further, the memory 173 may be or include tangible non-transitory volatile memory or non-volatile memory. Accordingly, the memory 173 may include database components, object code components, script components, or any other type of information structure for supporting the various activities and information structures described herein.

The communication interface 190 may include any combination of wired or wireless interfaces (e.g., jacks, antennas, transmitters, receivers, transceivers, wired terminals, etc.) for data communication with various systems, devices, or networks. For example, the communication interface 190 may include an ethernet card and port for sending and receiving data via an ethernet-based communication network and/or a Wi-Fi transceiver for communicating with the plurality of knock sensors 130 and optionally the plurality of spark ignition assemblies 140 or other controllers (e.g., the adaptive controller 278 shown in fig. 2). The communication interface 190 may be configured to communicate via a local or wide area network (e.g., the internet, etc.) and may use various communication protocols (e.g., IP, LON, bluetooth, ZigBee, radio, cellular, near field communication, etc.).

The knock sensing circuit 174 is configured to receive a plurality of knock sensor signals, information, data, or values (e.g., currents or voltages) from the plurality of knock sensors 130 and determine a cylinder knock value (e.g., an amount of vibration caused by the respective knock in each of the plurality of cylinders 20) corresponding to the knock in each of the plurality of cylinders 20. The knock sensor signal may be received in real time such that the knock sensing circuit 174 continuously or sequentially determines knock values in each of the plurality of cylinders 20.

The response management circuit 180 is configured to determine an adjusted ST value for each of the plurality of cylinders 20 from or based on the knock value for each cylinder 20, and to command the plurality of spark ignition assemblies 140 to ignite fuel in the respective cylinder 20 based on the adjusted ST value for each cylinder 20 to coordinate the knocking in each of the plurality of cylinders 20.

Further expanding, the adjusted ST value determination circuit 182 may be configured to determine an average knock value from a plurality of cylinder knock values corresponding to each of the plurality of cylinders 20. The adjusted ST value determination circuit 182 may be configured to determine an average knock value comprising an average of a plurality of cylinder knock values, and determine a cylinder ST offset value for each cylinder 20 from the average knock value and the plurality of cylinder knock values. The cylinder ST offset value for each of the plurality of cylinders 20 may include a difference between the average knock value and the corresponding cylinder knock value.

The adjusted ST value determination circuit 182 is further configured to determine an average ST offset value. For example, the ST value determination circuit 182 may be configured to determine the net spark timing offset value by adding the spark timing offset values for each of the plurality of cylinders 20. The net spark timing offset value is divided by the number of the plurality of cylinders 20 to determine an average spark timing offset value. Further, the adjusted ST value determination circuit 182 is configured to determine an adjusted ST offset value for each cylinder 20 by subtracting the average ST offset value from the ST value for each cylinder 20. The ST control circuit 184 may be configured to direct each of the plurality of spark ignition assemblies 140 to introduce a spark or otherwise ignite the fuel in each cylinder 20 based on the adjusted ST value corresponding to each cylinder 20 of the plurality of cylinders 20.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control system 270 that may be used to determine an adjusted ST value and coordinate knock in an engine cylinder of an engine. The control system 270 may be used with the engine 10 or any other spark ignition engine. As shown in fig. 3, the control system 270 includes an averaging circuit 272 configured to receive a knock sensor signal including cylinder knock values from a plurality of knock sensors (e.g., knock sensor 130) corresponding to a plurality of cylinders (e.g., cylinder 20) of an engine (e.g., engine 10). FIG. 3 shows that the averaging circuit 272 receives 12 knock sensor signals, including six knock sensor signals from cylinders included in the right bank of the engine, and six knock sensor signals included in the left bank of the engine. In other embodiments, the control system 270 may be used with any other engine having more or fewer cylinders (e.g., 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or more cylinders).

The averaging circuit 272 is configured to determine an average knock value (e.g., an average of knock sensor signals) from each cylinder knock value, as previously described herein. The averaging circuit 272 may include an operational amplifier ("op-amp") having a summing amplifier or any other combination of circuits (e.g., operational amplifiers, resistors, capacitors, etc.) configured to determine an average knock value from a single cylinder knock value.

The control system 270 also includes a subtractor circuit 274 coupled to the averaging circuit 272. The subtractor circuit 274 may include any suitable subtraction circuit, such as a binary subtractor circuit, a half subtractor circuit, a full subtractor circuit, or the like, or a combination thereof. The subtractor circuit 274 is configured to receive the average knock value (e.g., a digital signal including a voltage or current representative of the average knock value) and the per-cylinder knock value from the averaging circuit 272, and determine a per-cylinder ST offset value by subtracting the average knock value from the per-cylinder knock value.

Adjusted ST offset determination controller 276 is coupled to the subtraction circuit and is configured to receive therefrom a cylinder ST offset value corresponding to each cylinder. The adjusted ST offset determination controller 276 may include, for example, an adjusted ST value determination circuit 182, as previously described herein with respect to fig. 2, and configured to determine an adjusted ST value for each of a plurality of cylinders. For example, adjusted ST offset determination controller 276 may be configured to sum the plurality of cylinder ST offset values to determine a net ST offset value. The net ST value is then divided by the number of cylinders (e.g., 12 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3) to determine an adjusted ST offset value for each of the plurality of cylinders.

The adjusted ST offset determination controller 276 may communicate the adjusted ST value for each cylinder to a central controller (e.g., an engine control unit), for example, for storage in a memory thereof. The control system 270 further includes an adaptive controller 278 operably coupled to the adjusted ST offset determination controller 276. The adaptive controller 278 may include, for example, the ST control circuit 184 described with respect to the controller 170 of fig. 2, and is configured to receive an adjusted ST offset value from the adjusted ST offset determination controller 276. The adaptive controller 278 may be coupled to a plurality of spark-ignition components (e.g., spark-ignition components 140) associated with the engine, and may generate spark-ignition signals configured to cause the spark-ignition components to spark or otherwise ignite fuel in the respective cylinders in accordance with their respective adjusted ST values. It should be appreciated that one or more components of the control system 270, such as the averaging circuit 272, the subtractor circuit 274, the adjusted ST offset determination controller 276, and/or the adaptive controller 278 may be included in the controller 170 or used in combination with the controller 170.

FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of an exemplary method 300 for coordinating knock in a plurality of cylinders (e.g., plurality of cylinders 20) included in an engine (e.g., engine 10). A plurality of knock sensors (e.g., plurality of knock sensors 130) and a plurality of spark ignition assemblies (e.g., spark ignition assembly 140) are operatively coupled to respective ones of the plurality of cylinders. Although described with respect to engine 10, plurality of cylinders 20, plurality of knock sensors 130, plurality of spark ignition assemblies 140, and controller 170, the operations of method 300 are applicable to any engine that includes a plurality of cylinders, a plurality of knock sensors, a plurality of spark ignition assemblies, and one or more controllers coupled thereto. As such, the operations of the method 300 may be implemented with an engine 10 including a plurality of cylinders 20, a plurality of knock sensors 130, a plurality of spark ignition assemblies 140, and a controller 170, and thus are described with reference to FIGS. 1-3.

In some embodiments, the knock sensing circuit 174 determines a cylinder knock value for each cylinder 20 of the plurality of cylinders 20 at 302. For example, the knock sensing circuit 174 receives a plurality of knock sensor signals from each of the plurality of knock sensors 130 and determines a cylinder knock value for each of the plurality of cylinders 20 based on the signals, information, and/or data. At 304, the adjusted ST value determination circuit 182 determines an average knock value from the cylinder knock values. For example, adjusted ST value determination circuit 182 may include an averaging circuit 272 configured to determine an average knock value.

At 306, the adjusted ST value determination circuit 182 determines a cylinder spark timing offset value. For example, the adjusted ST value determination circuit 182 may further include a subtractor circuit 274, the subtractor circuit 274 configured to subtract the average knock value from each of the individual cylinder knock values to determine a cylinder spark timing offset value for each of the plurality of cylinders 20.

At 308, the adjusted ST value determination circuit 182 determines an average ST offset value. For example, the adjusted ST value determination circuit 182 may be configured to determine a net ST offset value by adding all of the cylinder ST offset values for the plurality of cylinders 20. The adjusted ST value determination circuit 182 may then be configured to divide the net ST offset value by the number of the plurality of cylinders 20 to determine an average ST offset value.

At 310, the adjusted ST value determination circuit 182 determines an adjusted ST offset value for each of the plurality of cylinders 20. For example, the adjusted ST value determination circuit 182 may be configured to subtract the average ST offset value from the ST value for each of the plurality of cylinders 20 (e.g., the initial ST value stored in the memory of the controller 170) to determine an adjusted ST value for each of the plurality of cylinders 20.

In some embodiments, at 312, the ST control circuit 184 may activate each spark ignition assembly 140 based on the adjusted ST value for each of the plurality of cylinders 20. For example, ST control circuit 184 or adaptive controller 278 may be operably coupled to each spark ignition assembly 140 and configured to activate spark ignition assemblies 140 based on the adjusted ST value. In this regard, "activating" includes managing or controlling the spark assembly to provide spark at the determined adjusted ST value to coordinate the cylinders 20. Thus, the activation may include controlling the electrical pulses (e.g., voltage and current) provided to each component to control when and for the duration of the spark is provided. Accordingly, the controller 170, the control system 270, or any other controller of the present disclosure may effectively control and manage the spark ignition assembly 140 (e.g., spark plug, glow plug, igniter, etc.) to achieve or substantially achieve coordination.

1-3, the embodiments described in this specification may be implemented in other types of digital electronic or computer software, firmware, or hardware, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their equivalents, or in combinations of one or more of them.

The embodiments described in this specification can be implemented in digital electronic form or in computer software, firmware, or hardware, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their equivalents, or in combinations of one or more of them. Implementations described in this specification can be implemented as one or more computer programs (i.e., one or more circuits of computer program instructions) encoded on one or more computer storage media for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus. The computer storage media includes non-transitory computer-readable media and may be or may be included in a computer-readable storage device, a computer-readable storage substrate, a random or serial access memory array or device, or a combination of any one or more of them. Further, although the computer storage medium is not a propagated signal, the computer storage medium can be a source or destination of computer program instructions encoded in an artificially generated propagated signal. The computer storage media may also be or be embodied in one or more separate components or media (e.g., multiple CDs, disks, or other storage devices). Thus, computer storage media are tangible and non-transitory.

The operations described in this specification may be performed by a data processing apparatus on data stored on one or more computer-readable storage devices or received from other sources. The term "data processing apparatus" or "computing apparatus" encompasses all types of apparatus, devices, and machines for processing data, including by way of example a programmable processor, a computer, a system on a chip, or a plurality or combination of the foregoing. The apparatus may comprise special purpose logic, e.g., an FPGA (programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit). The apparatus can include, in addition to hardware, code that creates an execution environment for the computer program in question (e.g., code that constitutes processor firmware, a protocol stack, a database management system, an operating system, a cross-platform runtime environment, a virtual machine, or a combination of one or more of them). The apparatus and execution environment may implement a variety of different computing model infrastructures, such as web services, distributed computing, and grid computing infrastructures.

A computer program (also known as a program, software application, script, or code) can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, declarative or procedural languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a circuit, component, subroutine, object, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. The computer program may, but need not, correspond to a file in a file system. A program can be stored in a portion of a file that holds other programs or data (e.g., one or more scripts stored in a markup language document), in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiple coordinated files (e.g., files that store one or more circuits, sub-programs, or portions of code). A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network.

Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory or a random access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor that performs actions in accordance with instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g., magnetic, magneto-optical disks, or optical disks. However, a computer need not have such devices. Devices suitable for storing computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, media and memory devices, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices (e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices); magnetic disks (e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks); magneto-optical disks; and CDROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory may be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic.

It should be noted that the term "exemplary" as used herein to describe various embodiments is intended to mean that such embodiments are possible examples, representations, and/or illustrations of the possible embodiments shown (and such terms are not intended to imply that such embodiments must be extraordinary or optimal examples).

As used herein, the terms "coupled," "connected," and the like refer to two members being coupled to each other either directly or indirectly. Such coupling may be stationary (e.g., permanent) or movable (e.g., removable or releasable). Such coupling may be achieved with the two members or the two members and any additional intermediate member components being integrally formed as a single unitary body with one another or with the two members or the two members and any additional intermediate member being attached to one another.

It is to be expressly noted that the construction and arrangement of the various exemplary embodiments are illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art who review this disclosure will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, etc. parameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc. numerical values within the scope of use) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter recited herein. Additionally, it is to be understood that features from one embodiment disclosed herein may be combined with features of other embodiments disclosed herein, as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may also be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the various exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present embodiments.

While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any embodiments or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular implementations of particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination. Furthermore, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.