阅读说明：本技术 一种贵州水牛杂交改良方法 (Guizhou buffalo hybridization improvement method ) 是由 徐龙鑫 王文涛 周文章 李干洲 王鑫 张凯凯 武俊达 于 2020-05-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及农作物育种技术领域,尤其涉及一种贵州水牛杂交改良方法。本技术方案通过采用摩拉水牛为父本与贵州水牛杂交,选育杂交一代母牛(F1代),再与贵州水牛进行杂交,产生杂交二代(F2代),从F2代选育发育良好的母牛、公牛,进行横交固定。最后得出的贵州水牛杂交改良品种,保持了贵州水牛优良品种特征,并且生长性能得到提高,牛肉品级得到提升,可进行规模化生产,是一种品质优良,经济效益较好的商品牛。(The invention relates to the technical field of crop breeding, in particular to a Guizhou buffalo hybridization improvement method. The technical scheme includes that the Mora buffalo is adopted as a male parent to be hybridized with the Guizhou buffalo, a first filial generation cow (F1 generation) is bred, then the first filial generation cow is hybridized with the Guizhou buffalo to generate a second filial generation (F2 generation), and a well-developed cow and a well-developed bull are bred from the F2 generation to be fixed in a crossing mode. The finally obtained Guizhou buffalo hybrid improved variety keeps the excellent variety characteristics of the Guizhou buffalo, improves the growth performance, improves the beef grade, can be produced in a large scale, and is a commercial cattle with excellent quality and better economic benefit.)

1. The method for improving the Guizhou buffalo hybridization is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) selecting Guizhou buffalo with excellent performance from the aspects of reproductive performance, body shape and appearance and the like;

(2) selecting Mora water buffalo (individual with obvious variety characteristics, daily weight gain of more than 0.9kg before 6 months of age and no vertically-transmitted diseases) and Guizhou water buffalo (individual with obvious variety characteristics, daily weight gain of more than 0.55kg before 6 months of age and no vertically-transmitted diseases) with excellent performance for later use;

(3) hybridizing Guizhou buffalo and Mora buffalo to generate F1 generation, and selecting and reserving cows with excellent performance (the daily weight gain is more than 0.73kg before 6 months of age and individuals without vertical transmission diseases);

(4) hybridizing an F1 generation cow with a Guizhou buffalo to generate an F2 generation, and selecting and reserving cows and bulls with excellent performance (the daily weight gain is more than 0.62kg before 6 months of age and individuals without vertical transmission diseases);

(5) the F2-generation bulls and the cows are crossed, and offspring with excellent performance (the Guizhou buffalo variety has obvious characteristics, the daily gain is more than 0.6kg before 6 months of age, and individuals without vertical propagation diseases) are selected and kept for cultivation, so that the growth speed of the Guizhou buffalo after hybridization can be stabilized, and the meat production performance is improved.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the Guizhou buffalo with excellent performance is the Guizhou buffalo with the following characteristics:

(1) grey hair, uniform structure, wide chest, deep back, straight waist and thick and short limbs;

(2) the meat quality is good, and the growth speed is high;

(3) good ancestry and clear pedigree.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the performance of the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is excellent, and the meat production performance is excellent (mainly the effect is that the weight gain rate is faster before 6 months of age, and then the growth rate is slower).

4. The method for improving the hybridization of Guizhou buffalo as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for breeding and breeding the Guizhou buffalo and the F1 and F2 generation buffalo comprises the following steps:

(1) after sexual maturity, the cow starts to contact with the body of the bull or the stalls induce oestrus, the cow pudendum shape and the secretion mucus are observed every morning and evening to judge the oestrus condition of the cow (oestrus symptoms are red and swollen of the cow pudendum, hyperemia and flushing of vaginal mucosa, smooth and moist surface, and a large amount of transparent traction mucus or scab of mucus secretion at the upper end of the tail and the vulva);

(2) when the heat of the cow is judged, an artificial insemination method is adopted for mating;

(3) the postpartum cow needs to be fed with warm adequate bran saline water in time to promote the discharge of placenta and supplement the loss of water in the body during parturition.

5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the bran saline water is obtained by mixing 1.5-2kg of bran, 100 g of salt and 150g of salt with 10-20kg of warm water.

6. The Guizhou buffalo hybridization improvement method according to claim 1, characterized in that the offspring with excellent performance selected and remained in the step (5) are cultivated, and when the offspring are cultivated to 1.5-2 months before slaughter, a special meat quality improvement feed is used for feeding, and the specific meat quality improvement feed formula comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10.5 parts of silage, 10 parts of bran, 10 parts of bean pulp, 5 parts of sunflower meal, 60 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of salt, 2 parts of mineral substances and 0.5 part of antioxidant additive.

7. The improved method for Guizhou buffalo hybridization according to claim 6, wherein the antioxidant additive is vitamin D, E.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of animal breeding, in particular to a Guizhou buffalo hybridization improvement method.

Background

The breeding of stockbirds in Guizhou province has been greatly developed since the new century, and the Guizhou province has higher and higher status in the national breeding industry through continuous growth for many years. At present, Guizhou buffalo is used as a Guizhou local high-quality beef cattle variety, good economic income is brought to vast farmers, but the Guizhou buffalo has the obvious defects of small size, slow growth, unobvious marbling and the like, and the space for further development is influenced. The prior Guizhou buffalo breeding has the following problems:

(1) the improved breeding problem: the investment on a variety breeding system is less in the breeding process of the Guizhou buffalo, and the variety breeding is lagged;

(2) the small scale of the breeding and the low degree of industrialization are as follows: guizhou buffalo breeding mainly involves scattered farmer breeding, mostly involves three to five breeding heads, and lacks specialized large-scale breeding enterprises.

Therefore, the method for improving the Guizhou buffalo hybridization can improve the growth and meat production performance of the Guizhou buffalo, improve the grade of beef and realize the increase of the breeding benefit is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a Guizhou buffalo hybridization improvement method, which is realized by the following technical scheme:

a Guizhou buffalo hybridization improvement method comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting Guizhou buffalo with excellent performance from the aspects of reproductive performance, body shape and appearance and the like;

(2) selecting Mora water buffalo (individual with obvious variety characteristics, daily weight gain of more than 0.9kg before 6 months of age and no vertically-transmitted diseases) and Guizhou water buffalo (individual with obvious variety characteristics, daily weight gain of more than 0.55kg before 6 months of age and no vertically-transmitted diseases) with excellent performance for later use;

(3) hybridizing Guizhou buffalo and Mora buffalo to generate F1 generation, selecting and reserving cow with excellent performance (6 months old, day weight gain is more than 0.73kg and individual without vertical transmission disease)

(4) Hybridizing an F1 generation cow with a Guizhou buffalo to generate an F2 generation, and selecting and reserving cows and bulls with excellent performance (the daily weight gain is more than 0.62kg before 6 months of age and individuals without vertical transmission diseases);

(5) the F2-generation bulls and the cows are crossed, and offspring with excellent performance (the Guizhou buffalo variety has obvious characteristics, the daily gain is more than 0.6kg before 6 months of age, and individuals without vertical propagation diseases) are selected and kept for cultivation, so that the growth speed of the Guizhou buffalo after hybridization can be stabilized, and the meat production performance is improved.

Further, the Guizhou buffalo with excellent performance is the Guizhou buffalo which meets the following characteristics:

(1) grey hair, uniform structure, wide chest, deep back, straight waist and thick and short limbs;

(2) the meat quality is good, and the growth speed is high;

(3) good ancestry and clear pedigree.

Furthermore, the performance in the steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) is excellent, and the meat production performance is excellent (mainly the weight gain rate is higher before 6 months of age, and the growth rate is reduced later).

Further, the breeding management method of the Guizhou buffalo for mating and the F1 and F2 generation buffalo is as follows:

(1) after sexual maturity, the cow starts to contact with the body of the bull or the stalls induce oestrus, the cow pudendum shape and the secretion mucus are observed every morning and evening to judge the oestrus condition of the cow (oestrus symptoms are red and swollen of the cow pudendum, hyperemia and flushing of vaginal mucosa, smooth and moist surface, and a large amount of transparent traction mucus or scab of mucus secretion at the upper end of the tail and the vulva);

(2) when the heat of the cow is judged, an artificial insemination method is adopted for mating;

(3) the postpartum cow needs to be fed with warm adequate bran saline water in time to promote the discharge of placenta and supplement the loss of water in the body during parturition.

Furthermore, the bran saline water is obtained by mixing 1.5-2kg of bran, 100 g of salt and 150g of warm water.

Further, the offspring with excellent performance is selected and reserved in the step (5) for cultivation, and when the offspring is cultivated to 1.5-2 months before slaughter, a special meat quality improving feed is used for feeding, wherein the specific meat quality improving feed formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10.5 parts of silage, 10 parts of bran, 10 parts of bean pulp, 5 parts of sunflower meal, 60 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of salt, 2 parts of mineral substances and 0.5 part of antioxidant additive.

Further, the antioxidant additive is vitamin D, E.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:

the technical scheme includes that the Mora buffalo is adopted as a male parent to be hybridized with the Guizhou buffalo, a first filial generation cow (F1 generation) is bred, then the first filial generation cow is hybridized with the Guizhou buffalo to generate a second filial generation (F2 generation), and a well-developed cow and a well-developed bull are bred from the F2 generation to be fixed in a crossing mode. The finally obtained Guizhou buffalo hybrid improved variety keeps the excellent variety characteristics of the Guizhou buffalo, improves the growth performance, improves the beef grade, can be produced in a large scale, and is a commercial cattle with excellent quality and better economic benefit.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the technical scheme of the invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.