阅读说明：本技术 一种滑架的锻造工艺 (Forging process of sliding frame ) 是由 张翔 于 2020-04-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及滑架的生产技术领域,尤其是涉及一种滑架的锻造工艺。一种滑架的锻造工艺,主要包括以下步骤：S1：进料检查,S2：下料,S3：加热,S4：制坯,S5：模锻成型,S6：切边,S7：清理抛丸。本发明滚轮轴与滑架本体采用锻造工艺一体制成,可减少滑架与滚轮轴断裂、分离的发生,而且在步骤S4制坯、步骤S5模锻成型中,利用不同尺寸大小模腔对滚轮轴部分再次进行拔长、墩粗,增强滚轮轴的强度、以及滚轮轴与滑架本体的连接强度。同时滑架在S5模锻成型之前对弯弓部位采用至少一次折弯预锻压,可以提高滑架整体结构强度及精度,还可逐渐消解制坯步骤后弓状坯料在弯弓部位的应力,避免弓状坯料受到内应力出现回折等。(The invention relates to the technical field of production of sliding frames, in particular to a forging process of a sliding frame. A forging process of a sliding frame mainly comprises the following steps: s1: feed check, S2: blanking, S3: heating, S4: blank making, S5: die forging forming, S6: trimming, S7: and (6) cleaning shot blasting. The roller shaft and the carriage body are integrally manufactured by adopting a forging process, the occurrence of fracture and separation of the carriage and the roller shaft can be reduced, and in the step S4 of blank manufacturing and the step S5 of die forging forming, the shaft part of the roller shaft is drawn out and upset again by utilizing die cavities with different sizes, so that the strength of the roller shaft and the connection strength of the roller shaft and the carriage body are enhanced. Meanwhile, the sliding frame adopts at least one-time bending and pre-forging to the bent bow part before the die forging forming of S5, the integral structural strength and the precision of the sliding frame can be improved, the stress of the bow-shaped blank at the bent bow part after the blank manufacturing step can be gradually eliminated, and the bending of the bow-shaped blank under the internal stress can be avoided.)

1. A forging process of a carriage comprises a carriage body (1) and a roller shaft (2) positioned at the upper end part of the carriage body (1); the method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

step S1: feeding inspection, wherein components of the bar stock and the external diameter specification of the bar stock are inspected;

step S2: blanking, namely cutting the bar stock into sections by using a cutting machine to obtain a rod-shaped blank;

step S3: heating, namely placing the rod-shaped blank in heating equipment to enable the temperature of the rod-shaped blank to be higher than the recrystallization temperature and lower than the temperature of the solidus line;

step S4: making a blank, comprising:

s41: removing oxide skin on the rod-shaped surface by using a punch;

s42: placing the rod-shaped blank subjected to descaling of S41 on a working base, and performing flat forging by using a press machine to prepare a square blank;

s43: forging and pressing out a roller shaft primary blank at one end of the square blank by adopting a press machine and matching with a primary mould to form a semi-finished product; the part of the preliminary-shaped die, which corresponds to the roller shaft forming, is a roller shaft preliminary die cavity;

s44: bending and reheating the semi-finished product of S43 for multiple times at the position corresponding to the arched part of the semi-finished product according to the specification of the sliding frame by adopting a press and a matched blank making die to form an arched blank;

step S5: die forging forming, namely die forging the arched blank in the step S4 by adopting a press machine and matching with a sliding frame die to manufacture a sliding frame forging; the part of the sliding frame die, which corresponds to the roller shaft forming, is a roller shaft forming die cavity;

step S6: trimming, namely cutting off redundant flash in the carriage forging in the step S5 by adopting a punch press and matching with a trimming die;

step S7: cleaning shot blasting, namely cleaning pits and roughness on the surface of the carriage forging by using a shot blasting machine;

step S8: warehousing and inspection;

step S9: packaging and storing, namely performing rust prevention treatment, packaging and storing on the carriage forging;

the axial depth of the roller shaft primary die cavity is greater than that of the roller shaft forming die cavity; the inner diameter of the roller shaft primary die cavity is smaller than that of the roller shaft forming die cavity; the volume of the roller shaft primary die cavity is not less than that of the roller shaft forming die cavity.

2. The forging process of a carriage according to claim 1, wherein: the heating equipment used in the step S3 is an intermediate frequency electric furnace; and heating the blank to 1050-1200 ℃ by adopting a medium-frequency electric furnace.

3. The forging process of a carriage according to claim 1, wherein: in step S5, the sliding frame mold needs to be preheated in advance, the sliding frame mold is preheated to 250-300 ℃ and preheated for 20-30 minutes.

4. The forging process of a carriage according to claim 1, wherein: the bar stock is 20Cr steel.

5. The forging process of a carriage according to claim 4, wherein: the press of the step S5 is a 630T friction press.

6. The forging process of a carriage according to claim 1, wherein: and the shot blasting time of the step S7 is 25-30 minutes.

7. The forging process of a carriage according to claim 1, wherein: the shot blasting machine stores steel shots; the diameter of the steel shot is 0.8 mm.

8. The forging process of a carriage according to claim 1, wherein: further comprising a punching process after step S5; and in the punching process, a press is adopted, and an assembling hole is punched at the other end of the sliding frame forge piece, which is far away from the roller shaft.

9. The forging process of a carriage according to claim 1, wherein: further comprises a waste heat quenching process and a tempering process after the step S6; the waste heat quenching process is carried out by adopting a quenching water tank; the tempering process is carried out by adopting a medium-frequency electric furnace.

10. The forging process of a carriage according to claim 1, wherein: the punch press of the step S41 is a 125T open punch press; the punch press of the step S6 is a 125T open punch press.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of production of sliding frames, in particular to a forging process of a sliding frame.

Background

The suspension chain sliding frame is a device for bearing articles, lifting appliances or chains to run along a track line, and is widely applied to the industries of light industry, automobiles, building materials, rubber and the like. The main components of the suspension chain carriage include rollers, roller shafts and carriages. The carriage and roller shaft are typically riveted or welded together.

For example, chinese patent No. CN203806534U discloses a novel suspension chain carriage, which comprises a carriage and a roller shaft located at the upper end of the carriage, the roller shaft and the carriage are rivet welded into a whole, and the carriage is in a reinforcing rib type arch shape.

The existing sliding frame is generally processed and manufactured by adopting a forging process, and the forging process comprises the following steps: blanking → heating → forging → punching → trimming → cleaning shot blasting.

The above prior art solutions have the following drawbacks:

firstly, the sliding frame and the roller shaft are respectively processed and then combined and welded, and if the load is too large in the using process, the sliding frame and the roller shaft are easy to break and separate;

secondly, if the sliding frame is forged and stamped by directly using a press machine to match with a forging die, the arched part after die forging is easy to retract under the action of internal stress of the forging, and the precision of a finished product is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a forging process of a sliding frame, which has the advantages of improving the overall structural strength and precision of the sliding frame.

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a forging process of a carriage comprises a carriage body and a roller shaft positioned at the upper end part of the carriage body. The forging process of the sliding frame comprises the following steps:

step S1: feeding inspection, wherein components of the bar stock and the external diameter specification of the bar stock are inspected;

step S2: blanking, namely cutting the bar stock into sections by using a cutting machine to obtain a rod-shaped blank;

step S3: heating, namely placing the rod-shaped blank in heating equipment to enable the temperature of the rod-shaped blank to be higher than the recrystallization temperature and lower than the temperature of the solidus line;

step S4: making a blank, comprising:

s41: removing oxide skin on the rod-shaped surface by using a punch;

s42: placing the rod-shaped blank subjected to descaling of S41 on a working base, and performing flat forging by using a press machine to prepare a square blank;

s43: forging and pressing out a roller shaft primary blank at one end of the square blank by adopting a press machine and matching with a primary mould to form a semi-finished product; the part of the preliminary-shaped die, which corresponds to the roller shaft forming, is a roller shaft preliminary die cavity;

s44: bending and reheating the semi-finished product of S43 for multiple times at the position corresponding to the arched part of the semi-finished product according to the specification of the sliding frame by adopting a press and a matched blank making die to form an arched blank;

step S5: die forging forming, namely die forging the arched blank in the step S4 by adopting a press machine and matching with a sliding frame die to manufacture a sliding frame forging; the part of the sliding frame die, which corresponds to the roller shaft forming, is a roller shaft forming die cavity;

step S6: trimming, namely cutting off redundant flash in the carriage forging in the step S5 by adopting a punch press and matching with a trimming die;

step S7: cleaning shot blasting, namely cleaning pits and roughness on the surface of the carriage forging by using a shot blasting machine;

step S8: warehousing inspection, namely inspecting the appearance of the carriage forging and inspecting the specification of the carriage forging; whether the surface of each forged piece has defects such as cracks, folds, pits and the like is visually observed one by one;

step S9: and (4) packaging and storing, namely performing rust prevention treatment, packaging and storing on the carriage forged piece which is detected to be free of defects in the step S8.

The axial depth of the roller shaft primary die cavity is greater than that of the roller shaft forming die cavity; the inner diameter of the roller shaft primary die cavity is smaller than that of the roller shaft forming die cavity; the volume of the roller shaft primary die cavity is not less than that of the roller shaft forming die cavity.

By adopting the technical scheme, the roller shaft and the sliding frame body are integrally manufactured by adopting a forging process, so that the occurrence of fracture and separation of the sliding frame and the roller shaft can be reduced; in the blank making in step S4 and the die forging in step S5, the roller shaft portion is again elongated and upset by the cavity having a different size, thereby increasing the strength of the roller shaft and the connection strength between the roller shaft and the carriage body.

Meanwhile, because the carriage is in an arched shape, the roller shaft part is pre-formed into a blank shape before the die forging forming in step S5, so that the problems of insufficient filling and insufficient extrusion of the roller shaft (with more material consumption) part during the die forging forming can be avoided.

In addition, in S43, the roller shaft portion is preliminarily formed into a blank shape, and when the bending is performed a plurality of times in S44, the roller shaft portion is used for limiting, thereby ensuring smooth performance of the bending operation.

The sliding frame adopts at least one-time bending and pre-forging to the bent bow part before the die forging forming of S5, so that the integral structural strength and the precision of the sliding frame can be improved, the stress of the bow-shaped blank at the bent bow part after the blank manufacturing step can be gradually eliminated, the bending degree of the bow-shaped blank is prevented from being influenced by the inflection of the internal stress of the bow-shaped blank, and the die forging forming in the next step is further influenced.

The added repeated bending operation has the advantages that the first bending angle can be 15-20 degrees, the second bending angle can be 20-30 degrees … … degrees, and so on, the previous bending angle is smaller than the next bending angle, the repeated bending effect is improved, the internal stress is eliminated, and the probability of breakage of the sliding frame in use is reduced.

The two bending parts of the sliding frame can be bent and forged by adopting a free forging and pressing mode, for example, the bending part close to the roller shaft is bent and forged for a plurality of times, and then the other bending part is bent and forged for a plurality of times, so that the thickness of the bending part can be ensured to be enough, and the problems of insufficient filling, breakage, insufficient stress of extrusion forging and the like of the bending part or the corresponding reinforcing rib in the next step are avoided, and the strength of the sliding frame is influenced.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the heating equipment used in the step S3 is an intermediate frequency electric furnace; and heating the blank to 1050-1200 ℃ by adopting a medium-frequency electric furnace.

By adopting the technical scheme, the medium-frequency electric furnace has high heating speed, can quickly reach the temperature required by the forging process, and improves the production efficiency. And the medium frequency electric furnace can be controlled and operated by a central control system such as a computer, and the furnace temperature is easy to control.

And heating the blank in the step S2 blanking to 1050-1200 ℃, so that descaling operation is conveniently performed in the step S4.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: in step S5, the sliding frame mold needs to be preheated in advance, the sliding frame mold is preheated to 250-300 ℃ and preheated for 20-30 minutes.

By adopting the technical scheme, the sliding frame die is preheated in advance, so that the sliding frame die in a room temperature (or low temperature) state can be prevented from suddenly contacting the bent blank in a high temperature state, and the sliding frame die is damaged due to uneven heating inside and outside. Meanwhile, the temperature of the blank in the whole die forging step can be kept, and adverse factors in the die forging step are reduced.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the bar stock is 20Cr steel.

By adopting the technical scheme, the 20Cr steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.18-0.24%, Si 0.17-0.37%, Mn: 0.50-0.80%, Cr: 0.70% -1.10% of Fe, and the balance of Fe.

The 20Cr steel has higher strength and can meet the bearing capacity of the sliding frame in the use function process. The 20Cr steel is pearlite, and has good weldability, and heat treatment may not be performed after the carriage and the roller are welded at the time of assembling the suspension chain carriage.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the press of the step S5 is a 630T friction press.

By adopting the technical scheme, the sliding frame is smaller in specification, the toughness of the 20Cr steel bar is poorer, and the 630T friction press is adopted, so that the tonnage of the press is lower, and the forging pressure can be better controlled and operated.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: and the shot blasting time of the step S7 is 25-30 minutes.

By adopting the technical scheme, pits on the surface of the forge piece can be completely cleaned to be rough through shot blasting operation for 25-30 minutes, so that the forge piece is compact, uniform and free of oxide skin.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the shot blasting machine stores steel shots; the diameter of the steel shot is 0.8 mm.

By adopting the technical scheme, the proper steel shots are selected according to the specification of the forging piece, and the surface of the forging piece can be ensured to be subjected to shot blasting treatment by the steel shots. 50Kg of steel shot is stored in the shot blasting machine. And during shot blasting, the number of forgings installed on the shot blasting machine is not more than 600 Kg.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: further comprising a punching process after step S5; and in the punching process, a press is adopted, and an assembling hole is punched at the other end of the sliding frame forge piece, which is far away from the roller shaft.

By adopting the technical scheme, after die forging forming, the slide plate forge piece is punched by using waste heat, so that the heating procedure before punching can be reduced, and the process time cost is saved.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: further comprises a waste heat quenching process and a tempering process after the step S6; the waste heat quenching process is carried out by adopting a quenching water tank; the tempering process is carried out by adopting a medium-frequency electric furnace.

By adopting the technical scheme, the carriage forging subjected to the waste heat quenching and tempering processes has good comprehensive mechanical properties, and the toughness of the center of the carriage can be improved.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the punch press of the step S41 is a 125T open punch press; the punch press of the step S6 is a 125T open punch press.

By adopting the technical scheme, the blank making step and the trimming step can be better carried out by adopting different process steps and open punches with different tonnages.

In summary, the invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

1. the roller shaft and the sliding frame body are integrally manufactured by adopting a forging process, so that the occurrence of fracture and separation of the sliding frame and the roller shaft can be reduced; in the blank making in step S4 and the die forging in step S5, the roller shaft portion is again elongated and upset by the cavity having a different size, thereby increasing the strength of the roller shaft and the connection strength between the roller shaft and the carriage body.

2. Because the carriage is in an arched shape, the roller shaft part is pre-formed into a blank shape before the die forging forming in step S5, so that the problems of insufficient filling and insufficient extrusion of the roller shaft (which consumes more material) part during the die forging forming can be avoided. S43, the roller shaft part is preformed into an initial shape, and when the roller shaft part is bent for multiple times in S44, the roller shaft part can be used for limiting, so that the smooth operation of multiple times of bending is ensured.

3. The sliding frame adopts at least one-time bending and pre-forging to the bent bow part before the die forging forming of S5, so that the integral structural strength and the precision of the sliding frame can be improved, the stress of the bow-shaped blank at the bent bow part after the blank manufacturing step can be gradually eliminated, the bending degree of the bow-shaped blank is prevented from being influenced by the inflection of the internal stress of the bow-shaped blank, and the die forging forming in the next step is further influenced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a carriage of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a forging process according to example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the forging process of example 2 of the present invention.

In the figure, 1, a carriage body; 2. a roller shaft; 3. reinforcing ribs; 4. and (6) assembling the hole.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.