阅读说明：本技术 一种齿形检测模具、测量方法、评价标准及修磨方法 (Tooth profile detection die, measurement method, evaluation standard and grinding method ) 是由 易红军 袁俊磊 贾路路 胡俊祥 于 2020-05-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种齿形检测模具、测量方法、评价标准及修磨方法,齿形检测模具包括齿顶贴合边、第一测量基准边、第二测量基准边；规定了齿形的测量方法和评价标准,设定标准齿距为P<Sub>0</Sub>±T<Sub>0</Sub>,间隔G≤T<Sub>0</Sub>时,齿形可不修磨；间隔G＞T<Sub>0</Sub>时,齿形须修磨；当距离P超差偏小时,修磨齿形检测模具下方所贴合的被检测齿条的啮合面；当修磨下方一个齿,导致下方后续齿面距离也偏小超差时,应向下顺延修磨；当距离P超差偏大时,修磨齿形检测模具上方所贴合的被检测齿条的啮合面；当修磨上方一个齿,导致上方后续齿面的距离也偏大超差时,应向上顺延修磨。能够有效提高齿距精度,控制齿距超差、齿距突变带来的升降载荷超差、突变等问题,提高传动精度。(The invention discloses a tooth profile detection die, a measurement method, an evaluation standard and a coping method, wherein the tooth profile detection die comprises a tooth top attaching edge, a first measurement reference edge and a second measurement reference edge; the tooth profile measuring method and evaluation criteria are specified, and the standard pitch is set to be P 0 ±T 0 G is less than or equal to T 0 The tooth profile can not be polished; interval G > T 0 The tooth profile needs to be polished; when the distance P is out of tolerance, grinding the meshing surface of the detected rack attached below the tooth form detection die; when one tooth below is repaired and ground, the distance between the subsequent tooth surfaces below is smaller and out of tolerance, the tooth is repaired and ground in a downward and smooth way; when the distance P is out of tolerance, grinding the meshing surface of the detected rack attached to the upper part of the tooth form detection die; when dressing an upper tooth, resulting in a distance of the upper subsequent tooth flankIf the difference is too large, the workpiece should be polished upward. The gear pitch precision can be effectively improved, the problems of lifting load super-tolerance, sudden change and the like caused by super-tolerance of the gear pitch and sudden change of the gear pitch are controlled, and the transmission precision is improved.)

1. A tooth profile detection die is characterized by comprising a tooth crest attaching edge, a first measurement reference edge and a second measurement reference edge;

the first measuring reference edge is completely superposed with a first rack meshing surface of the standard rack; the second measuring reference edge is completely superposed with the second rack meshing surface of the standard rack; the first rack meshing surface of the standard rack is adjacent to and parallel to the second rack meshing surface of the standard rack; and the tooth top joint edge is completely superposed with the tooth top of the standard rack.

2. The tooth form detection die of claim 1, wherein said tooth form detection die is in a shape of a slanted "u"; the tooth form detection die is positioned between the first rack meshing surface and the second rack meshing surface of the detected rack.

3. A tooth profile measuring method is characterized in that in actual measurement, the distance between the meshing surfaces of a first rack of a detected rack is measured while a first measurement reference of a tooth profile detection die is used, or the distance between the meshing surfaces of a second rack of the detected rack is measured while a second measurement reference of the tooth profile detection die is used.

4. A tooth profile measuring method according to claim 3, wherein specifically, the tooth profile measuring mold is clamped between the first rack meshing surface and the second rack meshing surface of the detected rack, the first measurement reference edge of the tooth profile measuring mold is attached to the first rack meshing surface of the detected rack, the clearance G between the second rack meshing surface of the detected rack and the second measurement reference edge of the tooth profile measuring mold is measured by a feeler or a clearance gauge, or the second measurement reference edge of the tooth profile measuring mold is attached to the second rack meshing surface of the detected rack, and the clearance G between the first rack meshing surface of the detected rack and the first measurement reference edge of the tooth profile measuring mold is measured by a feeler or a clearance gauge.

5. A tooth profile evaluation criterion is characterized in that a standard pitch is set to be P₀±T₀，P₀To a theoretical pitch, T₀Allowing for errors in pitch.

6. A tooth profile evaluation criterion according to claim 5, wherein when the second measurement reference edge of the tooth profile testing mold is in contact with the second rack engaging surface of the rack to be tested and the first measurement reference edge of the tooth profile testing mold is exposed to a gap from the first rack engaging surface of the rack to be tested, indicating that the tooth pitch is too small, the distance P is relative to the standard tooth pitch P₀Is "-", if the gap is G, the distance P is P₀-G。

7. A tooth profile evaluation criterion according to claim 5, wherein when the first measurement reference edge of the tooth profile testing mold is in contact with the first rack engaging surface of the rack to be tested and the second measurement reference edge of the tooth profile testing mold is exposed to a gap from the second rack engaging surface of the rack to be tested, indicating that the tooth pitch is too large, the distance P is relative to the standard tooth pitch P₀Is "+", if the gap is G, the distance P is P₀+G。

8. A tooth profile evaluation criterion according to claim 5, wherein the gap G.ltoreq.T₀As a judgment and evaluation criterion for whether the tooth profile needs to be polished: g is less than or equal to T₀The tooth profile can not be polished; g > T₀In practice, the tooth profile must be polished.

9. A tooth profile grinding method is characterized in that when the distance P is out of tolerance, a second tooth profile meshing surface of a detected tooth profile attached to a second measurement reference edge of a tooth profile detection die is ground; when the distance P between the following tooth surfaces below the lower tooth is smaller and out of tolerance due to the fact that the lower tooth is ground, the tooth is ground downwards and smoothly, and the like.

10. The tooth profile grinding method according to claim 9, wherein when the distance P is out of tolerance, the first rack meshing surface of the detected rack to which the first measurement reference edge of the tooth profile detection mold is attached is ground; when the distance P between the upper subsequent tooth surface and the upper subsequent tooth surface is too large and too poor due to the polishing of one tooth above the upper tooth surface, the tooth is polished upwards and smoothly, and so on.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of manufacturing of self-elevating marine platforms, and particularly relates to a tooth profile detection die, a measurement method, an evaluation standard and a grinding method for a rack.

Background

The relative motion of the gear and the rack is a common way for supporting the self-elevating type maritime work platform to lift and descend at sea. Because in the actual manufacturing process, the rack needs many to lengthen to the welding is on the spud leg, can't carry out machining after welding. The tooth pitch of the rack, especially the tooth pitch at the joint, is easy to be out of tolerance or suddenly changes with the adjacent tooth pitch, so that the problems of uneven load, sudden change of load, overload and the like in the lifting process of the platform are caused.

Due to the lack of effective simulation tools for the meshing of the gear and the rack and the methods for detecting, evaluating and grinding the tooth profile of the rack, the problem of lifting load caused by the problem of tooth pitch is not solved well all the time.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a tooth profile detection die which can effectively simulate the relative position relationship when a gear and a rack are meshed, and also provides a tooth profile measurement method, an evaluation standard and a grinding method, wherein the tooth profile of the rack is ground, so that the tooth pitch precision can be effectively improved, the problems of tooth pitch over-tolerance, lifting load over-tolerance and sudden change caused by tooth pitch sudden change and the like are controlled, the transmission precision is improved, and the stable and reliable lifting of a platform is ensured.

In order to achieve the above object, one or more embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

the invention discloses a tooth profile detection die which comprises a tooth crest attaching edge, a first measurement reference edge and a second measurement reference edge.

Further, the first measurement reference edge is completely overlapped with a first rack meshing surface of the standard rack;

furthermore, the second measurement reference edge is completely superposed with the second rack meshing surface of the standard rack;

furthermore, a first rack meshing surface of the standard rack is adjacent to and parallel to a second rack meshing surface of the standard rack;

furthermore, the tooth top joint edge is completely superposed with the tooth top of the standard rack.

The invention also provides a tooth profile measuring method of the rack, which comprises the following steps:

during actual measurement, the distance between the first rack meshing surface of the detected rack is measured while the first measurement reference of the tooth profile detection mold is used, or the distance between the second rack meshing surface of the detected rack is measured while the second measurement reference of the tooth profile detection mold is used.

Specifically, a tooth profile detection mold is clamped between a first rack meshing surface and a second rack meshing surface of a detected rack, an addendum attaching edge of the tooth profile detection mold is attached to an addendum of the detected rack, a first measurement reference edge of the tooth profile detection mold is attached to the first rack meshing surface of the detected rack, a clearance G between the second rack meshing surface and a second measurement reference edge of the tooth profile detection mold is measured by using a feeler gauge or a clearance gauge, or the second measurement reference edge of the tooth profile detection mold is attached to the second rack meshing surface, and the clearance G between the first rack meshing surface and the first measurement reference edge of the tooth profile detection mold is measured by using the feeler gauge or the clearance gauge.

The invention also provides a tooth profile evaluation standard, which specifically comprises the following steps:

setting the standard pitch to P₀±T₀，P₀To a theoretical pitch, T₀Allowing for errors in pitch.

When the second measurement reference edge of the tooth profile detection die is attached to the second rack meshing surface and the first measurement reference edge of the tooth profile detection die is exposed out of the gap with the first rack meshing surface, the tooth pitch is small, and the distance P is relative to the standard tooth pitch P₀Is "-", if the gap is G, the distance P is P₀-G; when the first measurement reference edge of the tooth profile detection die is attached to the meshing surface of the first rack and the second measurement reference edge of the tooth profile detection die is exposed out of the gap with the meshing surface of the second rack, the tooth pitch is large, and the distance P is relative to the standard tooth pitch P₀Is "+", if the gap is G, the distance P is P₀+G。

Further, the gap G is less than or equal to T₀As to whether or not tooth profile is requiredOne judgment and evaluation criterion to be reconditioned: g is less than or equal to T₀The tooth profile can not be polished; g > T₀In practice, the tooth profile must be polished.

The invention also provides a tooth profile grinding method.

When the distance P is out of tolerance, grinding a second tooth rack meshing surface of the detected tooth rack, which is attached to a second measurement reference edge of the tooth profile detection mold; when the distance P between the following tooth surfaces below the lower tooth is smaller and out of tolerance due to the fact that the lower tooth is ground, the tooth is ground downwards and smoothly, and the like.

When the distance P is out of tolerance, grinding a first rack meshing surface of a detected rack attached to a first measurement reference edge of the tooth-shaped detection die; when the distance P between the upper subsequent tooth surface and the upper subsequent tooth surface is too large and too poor due to the polishing of one tooth above the upper tooth surface, the tooth is polished upwards and smoothly, and so on.

The above one or more technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention can simply and intuitively measure the distance between the meshing surfaces and provide a practical and effective method for judging and evaluating the tooth shape.

2. The invention provides a tooth profile grinding method, which can ensure the stable change of the load meshed by a gear and a rack, prevent the load from being out of tolerance or sudden change caused by the tooth pitch out of tolerance or sudden change and ensure the stable and reliable operation of a lifting system.

3. The invention has simple structure, lower manufacturing cost and strong practicability.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a tooth profile detection die according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a standard rack structure of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a detected rack structure according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the measurement when the first measurement reference edge and the first rack engaging surface of the detected rack are exposed out of the gap.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the measurement when the second measurement reference edge and the second rack engaging surface of the detected rack are exposed out of the gap.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of thinning when the distance P between adjacent meshing surfaces is small and out of tolerance.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of thinning when the distance P between adjacent meshing surfaces is larger and out of tolerance.

In the figure, 1 a first measurement reference edge, 2 a second measurement reference edge, 3 a tooth top attaching edge, 4 a standard rack first rack meshing surface, 5 a standard second rack meshing surface, 6 a tooth top, 7 a detected rack first rack meshing surface, 8 a detected rack second rack meshing surface, and 9 a detected rack tooth top.

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.

As shown in fig. 1, the tooth profile detection mold includes a tooth crest attaching edge 3, a first measurement reference edge 1, and a second measurement reference edge 2.

As shown in fig. 2, the first rack engaging surface 4 and the second rack engaging surface 5 of the standard rack are adjacent and parallel.

Further, the first measurement reference edge 1 is completely overlapped with a first rack meshing surface 4 of the standard rack;

further, the second measurement reference edge 2 is completely overlapped with a second rack meshing surface 5 of the standard rack;

further, the tooth top joint edge 3 is completely overlapped with the tooth top 6 of the standard rack.

The tooth profile detection die has a certain width, and a small amount of gaps need to be reserved between the tooth profile detection die and other parts of the rack, so that the problem that the tooth profile detection die cannot be well attached to the rack due to deviation of actual tooth profiles is avoided, and the problem that measurement cannot be carried out in the actual operation process is solved. The tooth profile detection die is in an oblique U shape, and is generally formed by cutting a steel plate, stainless steel, aluminum alloy or other wear-resistant sheet materials in a linear cutting or other high-precision mode.

The invention also provides a tooth profile measuring method, which specifically comprises the following steps:

as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, in actual measurement, the first measurement reference side 1 of the tooth profile detection mold measures the distance from the first rack meshing surface 7 of the detected rack, or the second measurement reference side 2 of the tooth profile detection mold measures the distance from the second rack meshing surface 8 of the detected rack.

Specifically, the tooth profile detection mold is clamped between a first tooth profile meshing surface 7 of a detected tooth profile and a second tooth profile meshing surface 8 of the detected tooth profile, a first measurement reference edge 1 of the tooth profile detection mold is attached to the first tooth profile meshing surface 7 of the detected tooth profile, a clearance G between the second tooth profile meshing surface 8 of the detected tooth profile and a second measurement reference edge 2 of the tooth profile detection mold is measured by a feeler gauge or a clearance gauge, or the second measurement reference edge 2 of the tooth profile detection mold is attached to the second tooth profile meshing surface 8 of the detected tooth profile, and the clearance G between the first tooth profile meshing surface 7 of the detected tooth profile and the first measurement reference edge 2 of the tooth profile detection mold is measured by the feeler gauge or the clearance gauge.

The invention also provides a tooth profile evaluation standard, which specifically comprises the following steps:

setting the standard pitch to P₀±T₀，P₀To a theoretical pitch, T₀Allowing for errors in pitch.

As shown in fig. 4, when the second measurement reference edge 2 of the tooth profile detection mold is attached to the second rack meshing surface 8 of the detected rack and the first measurement reference edge 1 of the tooth profile detection mold is exposed from the gap with the first rack meshing surface 7 of the detected rack, it indicates that the tooth pitch is small and the distance P is relative to the standard tooth pitch P₀Is "-", if the gap is G, the distance P is P₀-G；

As shown in fig. 5, when the first measurement reference edge 1 of the tooth profile testing mold is attached to the first rack engaging surface 7 of the rack to be tested and the second measurement reference edge 2 of the tooth profile testing mold is exposed to the gap from the second rack engaging surface 8 of the rack to be tested, it is shown that the tooth pitch is too large and the distance P is larger than the standard tooth pitch P₀Is "+", if the gap is G, the distance P is P₀+G。

A gap Ga near the tip, a gap Gb near the waist, and a gap Gc near the root. In practice, the gap values G are typically measured as a set near each side of the rack's two side surfaces.

Further, the gap G is less than or equal to T₀As a judgment and evaluation criterion for whether the tooth profile needs to be polished: g is less than or equal to T₀The tooth profile can not be polished; g > T₀In practice, the tooth profile must be polished.

The invention also provides a tooth profile grinding method.

When the distance P is out of tolerance, a second rack meshing surface of the detected rack attached to a second measurement reference edge of the tooth-shaped detection die is polished, and the metal removal amount is that the length direction K of the rack is G-T₀When dressing a tooth below, the distance P < P of the following tooth surface below is caused₀-T₀In practice, the material should be polished downward. As shown in figure 6, when the tooth surface distance of No. 1-2 is smaller, the tooth surface of No. 2 should be ground, and the grinding amount in the length direction of the rack close to the tooth tip should be Ka ═ Ga-T₀The grinding amount of the rack close to the tooth waist in the length direction is Kb ═ Gb-T₀The grinding amount of the rack close to the tooth root in the length direction is Kc ═ Gc-T₀. When No. 2 teeth are ground, the tooth surface distance P of 2-3 teeth is less than P₀-T₀In the process, the tooth profile is polished downwards until all the tooth profiles are qualified.

When the distance P is out of tolerance, a first rack meshing surface of a detected rack attached to a first measurement reference edge of the tooth-shaped detection die is polished, and the metal removal amount is that the length direction K of the rack is G-T₀When one tooth above the grinding is ground, the distance P between the subsequent tooth surface above the grinding is larger than P₀+T₀In practice, the grinding should be carried out upward and forward. As shown in figure 7, when the distance between the tooth surfaces of No. 1 and No. 2 is larger, the tooth surface on the tooth surface of No. 2 is ground, and the grinding amount in the length direction of the rack close to the tooth tip is Ka ═ Ga-T₀The grinding amount of the rack close to the tooth waist in the length direction is Kb ═ Gb-T₀The grinding amount of the rack close to the tooth root in the length direction is Kc ═ Gc-T₀. When No. 2 teeth are ground, the tooth surface distance P of 2-3 teeth is more than P₀+T₀In the process, the tooth profile is polished upward until all the tooth profiles are qualified.

And grinding the gear meshing surface by using a grinding machine or a polishing machine according to the scheme, wherein the actual metal removal amount is allowed to be properly adjusted according to the actual condition, and the whole smooth and clean gear meshing surface is ensured after grinding.

In the actual tooth profile grinding process, the tooth pitches of adjacent teeth at the position should be measured in advance so as to know the overall tooth pitch condition of the region and properly adjust the allowable error value T₀And (3) establishing a comprehensive scheme, preventing the tooth pitch tolerance at other positions from being more serious after grinding, and ensuring the grinding scheme and the optimal actual operation effect.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.