阅读说明：本技术 一种叶面肥及其应用和防治菠萝裂果的方法 (Foliar fertilizer, application thereof and method for preventing pineapple fruit cracking ) 是由 刘胜辉 朱祝英 付琼 张秀梅 吴青松 陆新华 杨玉梅 林文秋 姚艳丽 孙伟生 高 于 2021-08-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种叶面肥及其应用,和一种防治菠萝裂果的方法。所述叶面肥包括0.75％-1.5％的氨基酸盐、0.5％-1.0％的腐殖酸盐、0.25％-0.5％的聚氧乙烯醚失水山梨醇酯,和余量的水。所述叶面肥通过增强细胞的耐压力和延伸性,增强果皮抗裂能力,通过促进钙的吸收,提高果实品质,并且通过增加叶面肥附着在叶子表面的量和时间、促进叶面肥透过叶片生物膜以及在在叶片表面的吸收,增强药效。本发明的方法防治菠萝裂果效果明显,而且使用后果实品质有明显提高。(The invention provides a foliar fertilizer and application thereof, and a method for preventing and treating pineapple fruit cracking. The foliar fertilizer comprises 0.75-1.5% of amino acid salt, 0.5-1.0% of humate, 0.25-0.5% of polyoxyethylene ether sorbitan ester and the balance of water. The foliar fertilizer enhances the crack resistance of the peel by enhancing the pressure resistance and the extensibility of cells, improves the fruit quality by promoting the absorption of calcium, and enhances the pesticide effect by increasing the amount and the time of the foliar fertilizer attached to the surface of leaves, promoting the foliar fertilizer to penetrate through a leaf biomembrane and be absorbed on the surface of the leaves. The method has obvious effect of preventing and treating pineapple dehiscence, and the fruit quality is obviously improved after the method is used.)

1. The foliar fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass based on the total mass of the foliar fertilizer:

0.75% -1.5% of an amino acid salt;

0.5 to 1.0 percent of humate;

0.25 to 0.5 percent of polyoxyethylene ether sorbitan ester;

the balance of water.

2. The foliar fertilizer according to claim 1 wherein the amino acid salt is calcium amino acid.

3. The foliar fertilizer according to claim 1 wherein the humic acid salt is potassium humate.

4. The foliar fertilizer of claim 1 wherein the polyoxyethylene ether sorbitan ester is selected from one or more of tween 20, tween 40, tween 60 and tween 80.

5. A method of controlling cracked pineapple fruit, which comprises applying to pineapple plants a foliar fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The method of claim 5, comprising:

and spraying the foliar fertilizer once every 7 to 10 days for 3 times.

7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the foliar feed is applied at a temperature of 30 ℃ or less.

8. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the back of the pineapple leaves and on the surface of the fruits.

9. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the foliar fertilizer is used in an amount such that the back of the leaf and the surface of the fruit are all wetted without dripping.

10. Use of a foliar fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 to control cracked fruit of pineapple.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to a foliar fertilizer and application thereof, and a method for preventing pineapple fruit cracking.

Background

Fruit cracking is a physiological disease widely existing on fruit trees, which occurs on fruit trees such as grapes, apples, litchis, oranges, sweet cherries, plums and the like, seriously affects the quality and the appearance of the fruits, and the fruit cracking almost has no commodity value, thereby bringing huge loss to production. Pineapple is one of the famous and high-quality fruits in tropical south subtropical regions in China, and is widely cultivated in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi and Yunnan. 80% of the cultivated varieties of pineapple in the main producing area of China are Bali. In recent years, because the production period is too concentrated, the phenomena of black heart and the like caused by blindly using an expanding agent and low-temperature cold damage occur when the market is rotten, 0.4 yuan per kilogram is broken once in 2016, and the selling price of a new variety 'Tainong 17' in the same period is 3-4 yuan per kilogram. Tainong No. 17, also named Jinzui pineapple, the pulp is compact, the core is slightly bigger, but tender and delicious, the soluble solid content is 14.1%, the organic acid content is 0.28%, the peel is thinner, the pineapple can be directly eaten after peeling, the eating is very convenient, the shelf life is long, the pineapple is one of the most famous pineapple varieties in Taiwan outlying China mainland, Hainan province and Guangdong province are introduced for many years, but the promotion area is not large, one of the main reasons is that the fruit cracking phenomenon is very serious, the joint of small fruits generates cracks when the fruits are close to mature, although the eating is not influenced by a light person, the appearance quality is poor, the serious black rot spots are generated, the commodity value is lost due to insect bite, the loss caused by the fruit cracking of the pineapple variety is about 30-50%, the rainy year in summer can reach more than 80%, and the economic loss is huge. Therefore, the prevention and control of the fruit cracking of the variety become problems to be solved urgently in production.

Because the cracked pineapple fruit is a new physiological disease discovered after the new species is introduced, no related research report on how to prevent and control the cracked pineapple fruit exists at home and abroad.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a foliar fertilizer which comprises amino acid salt, humate and polyoxyethylene ether surfactant to improve the quality of pineapple fruits and reduce the cracking rate of the pineapple to below 15%.

According to one aspect of the invention, the foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass based on the total mass of the foliar fertilizer:

0.75% -1.5% of an amino acid salt;

0.5 to 1.0 percent of humate;

0.25 to 0.5 percent of polyoxyethylene ether sorbitan ester;

the balance of water.

Preferably, the amino acid salt is calcium amino acid.

Preferably, the humate is potassium humate.

Preferably, the polyoxyethylene ether sorbitan ester is selected from one or more of tween 20, tween 40, tween 60 and tween 80.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling cracked fruit in pineapple comprising applying to the pineapple plant said foliar fertilizer.

Preferably, the method comprises the step of spraying the foliar fertilizer to the pineapple plants once every 7 to 10 days for 3 times.

Preferably, the foliar feed is applied at a temperature below 30 ℃.

Preferably, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the back of the pineapple leaves and the surface of the fruits.

Preferably, the dosage of the foliar fertilizer is based on that the back of the leaf and the surface of the fruit are totally wetted without dripping.

According to another aspect of the invention, the application of the foliar fertilizer for preventing and treating pineapple dehiscence is provided.

The foliar fertilizer provided by the invention comprises important structural components forming the cell wall of the pineapple fruit, mineral elements in the development process of the pineapple fruit and a surfactant, so that the quality of the pineapple fruit can be improved, the absorption of trace elements by the root system and the leaf surface is promoted, the wetting and penetrating effects of the foliar fertilizer on the leaf surface of crops are improved, and the pesticide effect of preventing and treating pineapple fruit cracking is improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 shows pictures of pineapple fruits after no foliar fertilizer application and foliar fertilizer application treatment according to example 1.

Detailed Description

For a further understanding of the invention, preferred embodiments of the invention are described below in conjunction with the examples, but it should be understood that these descriptions are included only to further illustrate the features and advantages of the invention, and not to limit the claims of the invention.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a foliar fertilizer which comprises amino acid salt, humate, surfactant polyoxyethylene ether sorbitan ester and water.

The amino acid salt selected for use in the present invention is preferably calcium amino acid. Calcium amino acid is a chelated calcium, wherein calcium is an important structural component of pineapple fruit cell walls and plays a key role in maintaining cell wall structures and stabilizing cell membranes. Spraying exogenous calcium can improve the hardness of fruits, enhance the crack resistance of fruit peels by enhancing the pressure resistance and extensibility of cells, and improve the quality of the fruits by promoting the absorption of calcium.

In the foliar fertilizer of the present invention, the content of calcium amino acid may be 0.75% to 1.5% by mass, preferably 0.9% to 1.2% by mass, more preferably 1.0% by mass. The present invention has no particular requirement on the manufacturers and models of the above-mentioned calcium amino acid, and products produced by manufacturers known to those skilled in the art can be used.

The humate can be potassium humate, preferably potassium fulvate. The potassium is one of mineral elements which are most required in the development process of the pineapple fruit, and can enhance the sugar content of the pineapple fruit and improve the quality of the pineapple fruit. Humic acid is a substance with a short carbon chain molecular structure extracted from natural humic acid. It has high load capacity and physiological activity, is applied to agricultural and horticultural industries, and has the following benefits: chelating macro and micro nutrients to make them better available to plants; preventing and treating plant diseases and enhancing waterlogging resistance; activating microscopic biological activity of the plant; the fertilizer is slowly released, and the utilization of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is improved; the nutrient absorption rate is improved, and the germination and growth of plants are promoted; accelerating the decomposition of the sediment and improving the soil structure. Humic acid contains functional groups such as carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl and the like, has stronger ion exchange and adsorption capacities, can reduce the loss of ammonium nitrogen by ammonium carbonate, and improves the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. The humic acid functional group can absorb and store potassium ions, slowly decompose the potassium fertilizer, increase the release amount of potassium and improve the content of quick-acting potassium. Humic acid and slightly soluble trace elements can generate a chelating reaction to generate a humic acid trace element chelate which has good solubility and can be absorbed by crops, thereby being beneficial to absorbing the trace elements by roots and leaves.

The content of potassium humate may be 0.5% to 1.0%, preferably 0.7% to 0.9%, more preferably 0.8%, based on the total mass of the foliar fertilizer of the present invention. The present invention has no special requirement on the manufacturer and model of the potassium fulvate, and products produced by manufacturers well known to those skilled in the art can be adopted.

The surfactant can improve the surface activity of the spray liquid, and is beneficial to wetting, adhering and permeating of the foliar fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of crops, thereby improving the pesticide effect. The surfactant adopted by the invention can be polyoxyethylene ether sorbitan ester. The polyoxyethylene ether sorbitan ester can be one or more selected from tween 20, tween 40, tween 60 and tween 80, preferably tween 20.

In the foliar fertilizer of the present invention, the polyoxyethylene ether sorbitan ester may be present in an amount of 0.25% to 0.5%, preferably 0.3% to 0.45% by mass. The surfactant of the present invention is not particularly limited in terms of the manufacturer and type of surfactant, and products manufactured by manufacturers well known to those skilled in the art may be used.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a method for preventing and controlling pineapple dehiscence is provided, which comprises applying the foliar fertilizer to pineapple plants.

The application method of the foliar fertilizer comprises the steps of spraying the foliar fertilizer on pineapple plants once every 7-10 days for 3 times. Preferably, the application method of the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: spraying the foliar fertilizer for the first time on the pineapple plants and fruits 20 days after the last small flower of the pineapple is withered, and spraying for 2 times every 7-10 days. The foliar fertilizer is uniformly sprayed on the back of the pineapple leaves and the surfaces of the fruits, and the dosage of the foliar fertilizer is based on that the back of the leaves and the surfaces of the fruits are completely wetted and do not drip. The foliar fertilisers of the present invention are typically carried out at relatively low air temperatures, for example in the early morning or evening of a calm or breeze. Preferably, the foliar fertilisers of the present invention are applied at temperatures below 30 ℃.

According to a specific embodiment, the foliar fertilizer provided by the present invention preferably comprises 0.75% to 1.5% of calcium amino acid; 0.5 to 1.0 percent of potassium fulvate; 0.25 wt% -0.5 wt% tween 20; the balance of water.

The foliar fertilizer provided by the invention contains amino acid calcium, potassium humate and surfactant Tween 20, has an obvious effect of preventing and treating pineapple fruit cracking, and the pineapple fruit cracking rate is lower than 15% after the foliar fertilizer is sprayed on pineapple leaves and/or fruit surfaces.

The classification standard of the pineapple cracking degree adopted by the invention is as follows:

TABLE 1

The method for calculating the pineapple fruit cracking rate and the fruit cracking index adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:

the fruit cracking rate is expressed as% of fruit cracking number/investigated fruit number × 100%.

Dehiscence index ═ Σ (dehiscence grade × number of dehiscents)/(highest grade × number of investigated total fruits).

For further understanding of the present invention, the following examples are given to illustrate the technology provided by the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.

The raw materials and chemical reagents adopted in the embodiment of the invention are all commercially available.

Example 1

In 2017, in the experiment of Legaozhen Hanhuilicun in Leizhou, Guangdong province in 4 months and 28 days, the formula of the foliar fertilizer is 0.75 percent of amino acid calcium; 1.0% potassium fulvate; 0.25% of Tween 20 and the balance of water, and continuously spraying for 3 times at an interval of 7 days and 1 time until 5 months and 12 days. 200 strains were treated in total. 200 pineapple seedlings which are not applied with the foliar fertilizer in the same period and the same test area are adopted as control samples.

Fruits are harvested in 2017 in 5 months and 31 days, and the pineapple fruit cracking condition is investigated and counted as follows: the fruit cracking rate of the pineapple fruits which are not sprayed with the foliar fertilizer is 65 percent, while the fruit cracking rate of the pineapple fruits which are sprayed with the foliar fertilizer of the embodiment is 15 percent. Figure 1 shows pictures of pineapple fruits without foliar fertilizer applied and with foliar fertilizer of this example applied.

Example 2

In the experiment of 20 days in 2018, 4 months and 20 days in Zhanjiang city, lake, Xiuxincun, Guangdong province, the formula of the foliar fertilizer is 1.5 percent of amino acid calcium; 0.5% potassium fulvate; 0.5% Tween 20 and the rest water, and spraying for 3 times at an interval of 7 days and 1 time until 5 months and 4 days. 200 strains were treated in total. 200 pineapple seedlings which are not applied with the foliar fertilizer in the same period and the same test area are adopted as control samples.

Fruits are harvested in 2018, 5 months and 23 days, and the pineapple fruit cracking condition is investigated and counted as follows: the fruit cracking rate of the fruit which is not sprayed with the foliar fertilizer is 75 percent, while the fruit cracking rate of the foliar fertilizer sprayed with the formula of the invention is 8.5 percent.

Example 3

In 2019, 4 and 18 days, 1.1 percent of amino acid calcium, 0.75 percent of potassium fulvate, 0.4 percent of tween 20 and the balance of water are used as the foliar fertilizer formula, and the foliar fertilizer is continuously sprayed for 3 times at an interval of 7 days and 1 time, and is stopped spraying after 5 months and 02 days. 200 strains were treated in total. 200 pineapple seedlings which are not applied with the foliar fertilizer in the same period and the same test area are adopted as control samples.

Fruits are harvested in 2019, 5 and 21 months, and the pineapple fruit cracking condition is investigated and counted as follows: the fruit cracking rate of the fruit which is not sprayed with the foliar fertilizer is 54 percent, while the fruit cracking rate of the foliar fertilizer sprayed with the formula of the invention is 12.5 percent.

The embodiments show that the foliar fertilizer provided by the invention has a remarkable fruit cracking prevention effect, and the fruit cracking rate of pineapples is greatly reduced.

The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core idea. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the novel features of the principles disclosed herein.