阅读说明：本技术 用于土工膜表面加糙的复合材料和糙面土工膜及各自的制备方法 (Composite material for roughening geomembrane surface, roughened geomembrane and preparation methods of composite material and roughened geomembrane ) 是由 摆音娜 李蕾 徐毅辉 胡声威 赵志杰 于 2020-04-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及土工膜领域,公开了一种用于土工膜表面加糙的复合材料和糙面土工膜及各自的制备方法,该复合材料包含组分Ⅰ、组分Ⅱ、组分Ⅲ和组分Ⅳ,组分I为低密度聚乙烯,组分Ⅱ选自聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯和聚酰胺中的至少一种,组分Ⅲ选自聚丙烯和/或高密度聚乙烯,组分Ⅳ为橡胶粉末；以所述复合材料总重量为基准,组分I、组分Ⅱ、组分Ⅲ和组分Ⅳ的含量分别为32-65重量％、15-26重量％、3-16重量％和10-30重量％。该复合材料经喷丝工艺喷涂于聚乙烯光面土工膜上,该膜无需加热,同喷丝结合良好,喷丝稳定,喷后不脱落,能达到对聚乙烯光面土工膜加糙的目的。(The invention relates to the field of geomembranes and discloses a composite material for roughening the surface of a geomembrane, a roughened geomembrane and respective preparation methods, wherein the composite material comprises a component I, a component II, a component III and a component IV, the component I is low-density polyethylene, the component II is at least one selected from polystyrene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate and polyamide, the component III is polypropylene and/or high-density polyethylene, and the component IV is rubber powder; the contents of the component I, the component II, the component III and the component IV are respectively 32-65 wt%, 15-26 wt%, 3-16 wt% and 10-30 wt% based on the total weight of the composite material. The composite material is sprayed on the polyethylene smooth geomembrane by a spinning process, the geomembrane does not need to be heated, is well combined with spinning, is stable in spinning, does not fall off after being sprayed, and can achieve the purpose of roughening the polyethylene smooth geomembrane.)

1. A composite for roughening a geomembrane surface, comprising component I, component II, component III and component IV, wherein,

the component I is low-density polyethylene, and the component II is at least one selected from polystyrene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate and polyamide; the component III is selected from polypropylene and/or high-density polyethylene; the component IV is rubber powder;

based on the total weight of the composite material, the content of the component I is 32-65 wt%, the content of the component II is 15-26 wt%, the content of the component III is 3-16 wt%, and the content of the component IV is 10-30 wt%.

2. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the rubber powder has a particle size of 90-300 μ ι η;

preferably, the rubber powder is selected from butyl rubber powder and/or natural rubber powder;

preferably, the rubber powder is tire powder.

3. The composite of claim 1, wherein the low density polyethylene has a melt flow mass rate of 35-50g/10min at 190 ℃ under 2.16 kg.

4. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the polystyrene has a melt flow mass rate of 1-8g/10min at 200 ℃ and 5kg and a density of 1.02-1.07g/cm³；

Preferably, the polycarbonate has a melt flow mass rate of 3 to 4g/10min at 300 ℃ under 1.2kg and a density of 1.18 to 1.22g/cm³；

Preferably, the polymethyl methacrylate has a melt flow mass rate of 1.7-2.0g/10min at 230 ℃ and 3.8kg and a density of 1.16-1.20g/cm³。

5. The composite of claim 1, wherein the polyamide has a density of 1-1.6g/cm³；

Preferably, the polyamide is selected from at least one of nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 1010, and nylon 1212.

6. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the polypropylene has a melt flow mass rate of 1-5g/10min at 230 ℃ under 2.16 kg;

preferably, the high density polyethylene has a melt flow mass rate of 0.5 to 5g/10min at 190 ℃ under 2.16 kg.

7. The composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the composite material has a melt mass flow rate of 16 to 28g/10min at 190 ℃ under 2.16kg and a density of 0.989 to 1.196g/10cm³The melt tensile breaking speed is 75-85m/min, and the melt tensile tension is 0.004-0.007N.

8. A method of making the composite material of any one of claims 1-7, the method comprising: and carrying out melt blending and extrusion granulation on the components in the composite material.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the melt blending conditions comprise: the extrusion temperature is 170 ℃ and 250 ℃, the extrusion speed is 5-30rpm, and the melt pressure is 3-35 bar.

10. A matte geomembrane comprising a PE glossy geomembrane and a matte surface formed on at least one surface of the glossy geomembrane, wherein the matte surface is made of the composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

11. A process for preparing the matte geomembrane of claim 10, comprising: and spraying the composite material on at least one surface of the PE smooth geomembrane by a spinning process to form the rough surface.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of geomembranes, in particular to a composite material for roughening the surface of a geomembrane, a roughened geomembrane and respective preparation methods.

Background

The Polyethylene (PE) geomembrane is a waterproof barrier material produced by taking PE as a basic raw material, has extremely low permeability and is an ideal impermeable material. Compared with the traditional waterproof material, the PE geomembrane has the advantages of low permeability coefficient, good flexibility, strong deformation applicability, high strength, good overall connectivity, convenient construction and the like. The PE geomembrane can be divided into a smooth-surface geomembrane and a rough-surface geomembrane according to the appearance of the product. The geomembrane with the smooth surface has smooth surface and low friction coefficient. The surface of the geomembrane with the rough surface is composed of a concave-convex structure, and the friction coefficient is high. Compared with the smooth geomembrane, the rough geomembrane can be applied to the projects of roof leakage prevention, garden greening, farmland canal seepage prevention, water and soil conservation, beach reclamation field building, garbage landfill in environmental engineering, three-waste treatment and environmental remediation, desertification prevention and the like, can also be applied to the projects requiring larger friction coefficient such as abrupt slope or side slope membrane body surface earthing and the like, and is a preferred material for the projects of mountain construction, abrupt slope construction and the like. Therefore, the water conservancy, hydropower, traffic, environmental protection, building and other fields provide wide prospects for the application and development of the geomembrane with the rough surface.

The PE geomembrane rough surface forming method mainly comprises a spinning roughening method, an embossing roughening method, a chemical foaming roughening method and nitrogen (N)₂) Roughening, etc. The spinning roughening method is to preheat PE smooth geomembrane to make the required roughened geomembrane surface layer reach to over heat deformation temperature, to spray molten plastic filament onto the required roughened geomembrane surface through special plastic spraying equipment, and to cool to obtain the roughened surface layer. The spinning roughening method belongs to secondary forming, namely, the smooth-surface geomembrane is processed and formed again, the smooth-surface geomembrane produced by the calendaring forming and blow molding forming processes can be preheated for spinning to obtain the PE rough-surface geomembrane, and the preheating and spinning processes can also be directly added into a geomembrane production line to realize continuous production of the PE rough-surface geomembrane.

The spinning roughening method has complicated process and the key points are temperature control of the geomembrane roughening surface, plastic filament making and spraying, smooth surface and roughening layer filament material selection, etc. The spinning process has high difficulty, the quality of the rough surface is unstable, and the plastic filaments are easy to fall off on the surface of the geomembrane, so that the anti-skid performance of the plastic filaments is reduced. In the prior art, the spinning process usually needs to carry out secondary heating to the plain noodles geomembrane as long as several meters or even tens of meters, and the spinning material is not well combined with the plain noodles geomembrane, and is easy to fall off, and the antiskid function is lost after falling off.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the existing spinning roughening process, the invention aims to provide a composite material for spinning roughening of a geomembrane, a roughened geomembrane and respective preparation methods. The composite material is sprayed on the polyethylene smooth-faced geomembrane through a spinning process, the smooth-faced geomembrane does not need to be heated, is well combined with spinning, is stable in spinning, does not fall off after being sprayed, and can achieve the purpose of roughening the polyethylene smooth-faced geomembrane.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a composite for geomembrane surface roughening, the composite comprising component I, component II, component III and component IV, wherein component I is a low density polyethylene and component II is selected from at least one of polystyrene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate and polyamide; the component III is selected from polypropylene and/or high-density polyethylene; the component IV is selected from rubber powder; based on the total weight of the composite material, the content of the component I is 32-65 wt%, the content of the component II is 15-26 wt%, the content of the component III is 3-16 wt%, and the content of the component IV is 10-30 wt%.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of making a composite material according to the first aspect of the present invention, the method comprising: and carrying out melt blending and extrusion granulation on the components in the composite material.

According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a matte geomembrane comprising a PE glossy geomembrane and a matte surface formed on at least one surface of the glossy geomembrane, wherein the matte surface is made from the composite material of the first aspect of the present invention.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the matte geomembrane, the method comprising: and spraying the composite material on at least one surface of the PE smooth geomembrane by a spinning process to form the rough surface.

The composite material disclosed by the invention is simple in component and low in cost, and the surface of the PE smooth geomembrane is subjected to spinning and roughening by using the composite material, so that the process of secondarily heating the geomembrane in the traditional process can be omitted, the energy is saved, the consumption is reduced, the roughened part on the surface does not fall off after spinning, and the roughening lasts for a long time.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a photograph showing the topography of the matte side of a matte-side geomembrane prepared using example 1.

Detailed Description

The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a composite for geomembrane surface roughening, the composite comprising component I, component II, component III and component IV.

In the invention, the component I is Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), which can improve the bonding strength of the composite material and the smooth geomembrane. Preferably, the low density polyethylene has a melt flow mass rate (MFR) of 35 to 50g/10min at 190 ℃ under 2.16 kg.

In the present invention, the component II can reduce the melt tensile strength of the composite material. Specifically, the component II is selected from one or more of Polystyrene (PS), Polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and Polyamide (PA).

Preferably, the polystyrene has a melt flow mass rate of 1-8g/10min at 200 ℃ and 5kg and a density of 1.02-1.07g/cm³。

Preferably, the polycarbonate has a melt flow mass rate of 3 to 4g/10min at 300 ℃ under 1.2kg and a density of 1.18 to 1.22g/cm³。

Preferably, the polybutylene terephthalate has a density of 1.2 to 1.5g/cm³。

Preferably, the polymethyl methacrylate has a melt flow mass rate of 1.7-2.0g/10min at 230 ℃ and 3.8kg and a density of 1.16-1.20g/cm³。

Preferably, the polyethylene terephthalate has a density of 1.62 to 1.70g/cm³。

Preferably, the polyamide has a density of 1 to 1.6g/cm³. The polyamide may be selected from one or more of nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 1010 and nylon 1212.

In the present invention, the component III is selected from polypropylene (PP) and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), and the introduction of the component III can increase the spinning stiffness of the composite material.

Preferably, the polypropylene has a melt flow mass rate of 1 to 5g/10min at 230 ℃ under 2.16 kg.

Preferably, the high density polyethylene has a melt flow mass rate of 0.5 to 5g/10min at 190 ℃ under 2.16 kg.

In the invention, the component IV is rubber powder, can provide spinning break points for the composite material, and has the functions of damping and reducing noise for the geomembrane. Preferably, the particle size of the rubber powder is 90 to 300. mu.m. The rubber powder can be a product directly obtained by commercial purchase, and can also be waste rubber powder, so that the secondary utilization of the waste rubber is realized. The waste rubber powder is powder prepared by decontaminating, removing impurities and crushing waste rubber (such as tires). Preferably, the rubber powder is at least one of butyl rubber powder, natural rubber powder and tire powder.

In the invention, based on the total weight of the composite material, the content of the component I is 32-65 wt%, the content of the component II is 15-26 wt%, the content of the component III is 3-16 wt%, and the content of the component IV is 10-30 wt%. The content is calculated according to the feeding amount of each component.

In the present invention, other processing aids such as color masterbatches, antioxidants, etc. known to those skilled in the art may also be included in the composite material according to application needs. The specific types and amounts of such other processing aids are well known in the art and are not described further herein.

In the present invention, the various components of the composite material can be prepared by methods well known in the art, or can be obtained commercially.

According to the invention, the composite material can form a rough surface on the surface of the PE smooth geomembrane through a spinning process, and has higher bonding strength with the smooth geomembrane. According to one embodiment, the composite material has a melt mass flow rate of 16 to 28g/10min at 190 ℃ under 2.16kg and a density of 0.989 to 1.196g/10cm³The melt tensile breaking speed is 75-85m/min, and the melt tensile tension is 0.004-0.007N. In the present invention, the melt flow mass rate (MFR) is measured in accordance with GB/T3682-2000 and the density is measured in accordance with GB/T1033.1-2008. The melt tensile breaking speed and the melt tensile tension are measured by adopting a capillary rheometer according to a melt strength tester method.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of making the composite material, the method comprising: and carrying out melt blending and extrusion granulation on the components in the composite material.

The preparation method of the composite material can be carried out on a double-screw extruder by referring to the existing melt blending extrusion granulation process. The twin-screw extruder generally has a length to diameter ratio of 30 or more and can be operated at a speed of 50 to 100 r/min. Preferably, the extrusion temperature is 170-.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a matte geomembrane comprising a PE glossy geomembrane and a matte surface formed on at least one surface of the glossy geomembrane, wherein the matte surface is made of the composite material.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the matte geomembrane, the method comprising: and spraying the composite material on at least one surface of the PE smooth geomembrane by a spinning process to form the rough surface.

The third and fourth aspects of the present invention are intended to illustrate the use of the composite material in a matte geomembrane, and thus the PE glossy geomembrane is not particularly limited and may be selected with reference to the prior art. The composite material forms a rough surface on the PE smooth-surface geomembrane through a spraying method, and the rough-surface geomembrane can be prepared by utilizing the existing geomembrane rough-surface spraying machine. Generally, a geomembrane rough surface coating machine is formed by connecting a plurality of single screw extruders in parallel, the single screw extruders are integrally moved left and right after being connected in parallel, the composite material is sprayed from a discharge port and is conveyed to the surface of a smooth geomembrane through hot air, and the smooth geomembrane is conveyed and curled along the spraying direction, so that the surface is fully bonded with the composite material. Preferably, the spinning material temperature is 130-150 ℃, the melt pressure is 3-35bar, the extrusion speed is 6-80rpm, and the air temperature is 300-370 ℃.

The surface spraying rate of the rough-surface geomembrane can be 5-20% and the spraying diameter can be 0.2-0.5 mm. Wherein, the spraying rate is equal to the area of the coarse silk/the area of the smooth geomembrane.

According to the invention, in the spinning process, the temperature of the PE smooth geomembrane can be kept below the thermal deformation temperature of the PE smooth geomembrane, namely, the preparation method does not need the step of preheating the PE smooth geomembrane, thereby saving energy consumption.

The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples.

Examples 1-6 are intended to illustrate the composite material of the invention and the process for its preparation. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

in the examples and the comparative examples,

LDPE is available from Yanshan petrochemical under the trade name YG220P, MFR (190 deg.C, 2.16kg) of 40g/10min, and density of 0.922 + -0.005 g/cm³；

PS is obtained from the Yangzhi, and has a trade name of 158K, an MFR (200 ℃, 5kg) of 3g/10min and a density of 1.05g/cm³；

PC available from GE plastics under the trade designation 131R, MFR (300 ℃, 1.2kg) of 3.5g/10min and density of 1.21g/cm³；

PMMA was purchased from Taiwan of Taiwan area under the trade name CM-205, MFR (230 ℃, 3.8kg) of 1.8g/10min, density of 1.19g/CM³。

PET available from DuPont, USA under the trade name FR330, with a density of 1.67g/cm³；

PBT available from DuPont, USA under the trade designation S600F10, with a density of 1.30g/cm³；

PP was purchased from Yanshan petrochemical company under the designation K8303 and an MFR (1230 ℃, 2.16kg) of 2.0g/10 min;

HDPE available from Yanshan petrochemical company, number 3000J, MFR (190 deg.C, 2.16kg) 2.3g/10 min;

PA6 was purchased from Mitsubishi, Japan, trade name 1030, and had a density of 1.14g/cm³；

The melt mass flow rate (190 ℃, 2.16kg) of the composite material is measured according to GB/T3682-; the density is measured according to GB/T1033.1-2008; the melt tensile breaking speed (haul off) and the melt tensile tension (haul off) are measured by a capillary rheometer according to a melt strength tester method.

Examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 5

The materials are melted and blended in a double-screw extruder according to the formula shown in the table 1, and are extruded and granulated, wherein the extrusion temperature is 180-230 ℃, the extrusion speed is 15-20rpm, the melt pressure is 20-30bar, the length-diameter ratio of the double-screw extruder is 32, and the rotating speed is 70-90r/min, so that the composite master batch is prepared.

The composites prepared in examples 1-6 were designated A1-A6, respectively, and the composites prepared in comparative examples 1-5 were designated D1-D5, respectively.

TABLE 1

*: in the component IV, the particle sizes of the powders are all 90-300 μm.

The properties of composites A1-A6 and D1-D5 are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2

The following application examples 1-6 are used to illustrate the matte geomembranes of the present invention and the methods of making the same.

Application examples 1 to 6 and application comparative examples 1 to 5

The composite materials A1-A6 and D1-D5 are respectively sprayed on one surface of the PE smooth geomembrane by adopting a spinning process to form the rough-surface geomembrane.

The thickness of the PE smooth geomembrane is 2 mm.

The rough-surface geomembrane is prepared by adopting a geomembrane rough-surface spraying machine of Shandong large three-layer plastic machinery factories. Wherein the spinning material temperature is 140-145 ℃, the melt pressure is 25-305bar, the extrusion speed is 65-70rpm, and the air temperature is 300-330 ℃. The spraying rate of the surface of the geomembrane with the rough surface is 20 percent, and the spinning diameter is 0.3 mm.

The results show that composites a1-a6 of examples 1-6 spun uniformly on the smooth geomembrane surface (composite a1 of example 1 spun uniformly as shown in fig. 1);

composite D1 of comparative example 1 failed to bond to smooth geomembrane;

both composites D2, D3 of comparative examples 2 and 3 formed continuous filaments;

the composite material D4 of comparative example 4 collapsed by spinning;

the composite material D5 of comparative example 5 formed a continuous spin and the spin collapsed.

Test example

(1) Coefficient of friction

And (3) measuring the friction coefficient of the rough geomembrane by adopting a pendulum type friction coefficient instrument, wherein the slip speed is 10 km/h.

(2) Percentage of mass loss

The matte geomembrane was subjected to an abrasion test according to GB/T17636-1998, operating at a frequency of 90 cycles per minute, testing the percent mass loss for 100 cycles.

(3) Distance of rough point after tensile failure

Stretching the rough-surface geomembrane by adopting a universal tensile machine at a stretching speed of 50mm/min, selecting 3 pairs of rough points with an interval of 1mm in an effective stretching area on each sample strip before testing according to GB/T1040.2-2006, measuring the distance between two points after the sample strips are broken, selecting the point on the same side after the breaking on each sample strip as an effective value, testing for 5 times, and selecting an intermediate value as a final test result.

The properties of the matte geomembrane are shown in table 3.

TABLE 3

As can be seen from table 3, the composite materials of examples 1 to 6 formed a rough surface having higher bonding strength and high bonding stability with the smooth geomembrane, compared to the comparative example. Comparative examples 2 and 3 formed continuous jets, resulting in a surface texture that was too textured after roughening the smooth geomembrane and loss of frictional slip resistance. Comparative example 4 the spinning collapsed, reducing the friction effect; comparative example 5 formed continuous spinning with collapse of the spinning and poor rubbing effect.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.